Tupelo, city, seat (1867) of Lee county, northeastern Mississippi, U.S., located 62 miles (100 km) northeast of Columbus. It is the headquarters and focal point of the Natchez Trace Parkway. In 1859 the original settlement of Harrisburg was moved 2 miles (3 km) east to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad line. The new community, Gum Pond, was later renamed Tupelo for the local tupelo trees that supplied construction timber. It developed as a processing and shipping centre for cotton and dairy produce; it is now a distribution and manufacturing centre producing furniture and tires. The city has branch campuses of the University of Mississippi and Itawamba Community College.
Within the city limits is Tupelo National Battlefield, where the Confederates under Nathan Bedford Forrest and Stephen D. Lee were contained by A.J. Smith’s Union troops (July 14–15, 1864) during the American Civil War, and the Oren Dunn Museum, which contains artifacts on space exploration, Chickasaw Indians, local history, and other topics. Also in the vicinity are Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, where, on June 10, 1864, Union forces were defeated by Forrest; Chickasaw Village (formerly Ackia Battleground National Monument), marking the spot where the Chickasaw Indians defeated the French in 1736; Tombigbee State Park; Trace State Park; a section of Tombigbee National Forest; and the Private John Allen National Fish Hatchery. Disaster struck the city on April 5, 1936, when a tornado killed scores of people and injured hundreds more. The rock and roll star Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, and his house is part of a complex of attractions (including a museum and park) that are open to the public. Inc. 1870. Pop. (2000) 34,211; (2010) 34,546.