Floral Emblems of the World

Supplied to the Australian National Botanic Gardens by Reuben C. J. LIM following on from his thesis, titled "Official National Biological Emblems of the World",
a final year 2012 undergraduate study for the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, working under the supervision of
Associate Professor Hugh T. W. Tan and Dr. Tan Heok Hui.

The results of this two-year project from 2011 to 2013 can be freely obtained as a PDF at Raffles Museum Books under:

Lim, R. C. J., H. H. Tan & H. T. W. Tan, 2013. Official Biological Emblems of the World. Raffles Museum Of Biodiversity Research, National University Singapore, Singapore. 231 pp. Uploaded 7 August 2013. [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/raffles_museum_pub/bioemblems_world.pdf, 40.8 MB]

Country	Designation	Declared Name	Date Declared	Scientific Name	Family	Links (as at 2012)
Antigua and Barbuda	National Flower	Agave karatto Miller (The Dagger Log's)	NC	Agave karatto Mill.	Asparagaceae	http://ab.gov.ag/gov_v4/article_details.php?id=179&category=66
Argentina	National Flower and Tree	Erythrina crista-galli (Kapok flower, “seibo”, “Seiber”, “Bucaro”)	23 Dec 1942	Erythrina crista-galli L.	Leguminosae	http://www.atcm2011.gov.ar/en/node/35
Australia	National Flower	Acacia pycnantha (Golden Wattle)	1 Sep 1988	Acacia pycnantha Benth.	Leguminosae (Mimosaceae)	http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/aust.emblem.html
Bahamas	National Flower	Tecoma stans (The Yellow Elder)	1973-1974	Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth	Bignoniaceae	http://www.bahamas.gov.bs
Bangladesh	National Flower	Nymphaea nouchali (Shapla, Water Lily)	4 Nov 1972	Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.	Nymphaeaceae	http://web.archive.org/web/20080330213029/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/constitution/part1.htm
Barbados	National Flower	Poinciana pulcherrima LINNAEUS syn. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L) SWARTZ (Pride of Barbados, Dwarf Poinciana, Flower Fence)	NC	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.	Leguminosae	http://www.foreign.gov.bb/pageselect.cfm?page=25
Belize	National Flower	Encyclia cochleatum (Black Orchid)	before Aug 1981	Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins	Orchidaceae	http://www.belize.gov.bz/ct.asp?xItem=670&ctNode=543&mp=27
Bhutan	National Flower	Meconopsis grandis (Udpel Metok, Blue poppy)	2008 as year changed horridula to grandis	Meconopsis grandis Prain	Papaveraceae	http://www.moa.gov.bt/moa/downloads/downloadFiles/MoADownload4zb2682wt.pdf
Bolivia	National Flower	Cantua buxifolia (Kantuta)	1 Jan 1924	Cantua buxifolia Juss. ex Lam.	Polemoniaceae	http://www.embajadadebolivia.com.ar/bolivia_nueva/simpatrios.html
Bolivia	National Flower	Heliconia rostrata (Patuju)	27 Apr 1990	Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav.	Heliconiaceae	http://www.embajadadebolivia.com.ar/bolivia_nueva/simpatrios.html
Cambodia	National Flower	Mitrella mesnyi (Rumdul)	21 Mar 2005	Sphaerocoryne affinis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Ridl.	Annonaceae	http://www.forestry.gov.kh/Documents/ROYAL-DECREE-ENG.pdf
Chile	National Flower	Lapageria rosea (Copihue)	24 Feb 1977	Lapageria rosea Ruiz & Pav.	Philesiaceae
Colombia	National Flower	Cattleya trianae (La Orquídea, The Orchid),	1936	Cattleya trianae Linden & Rchb.f.	Orchidaceae	http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/historia/patrios.htm
Comoros	National Flower	Cananga odorata (ylang ylang)	NC	Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson	Annonaceae
Costa Rica	National Flower	Guarianthe skinneri (The Purple Orchid)	15 Jun 1939	Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W.E.Higgins	Orchidaceae	http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/paginas/informacion.asp
Croatia	National Flower	Iris croatica Horvat et. Horvat M. (Croatian Iris)	2002	Iris croatica Horvat et. Horvat M.	Iridaceae
Cuba	National Flower	Hedychium coronarium (La Mariposa Blanca, The White Butterfly, White Mariposa, Butterfly Jasmine)	13 Oct 1936	Hedychium coronarium J.König	Zingiberaceae	http://www.cubatoptravel.com/en/info/cuba-national-symbols.php
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	National Flower	Magnolia sieboldii (Mokran)	NC	Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch	Magnoliaceae
Dominica	National Flower	Sabinea carinalis (Carib Wood, ‘Bwa Kwaib’)	31 Oct 1978	Poitea carinalis (Griseb.) Lavin	Leguminosae	http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/?q=node/84
Dominican Republic	National Flower	Pereskia quisqueyana, Alain (Rosa de Bayahibe)	12 Jul 2011	Pereskia quisqueyana Alain	Cactaceae
Ecuador	National Flower	Chuquiraga jussieui (Chuquirahua)	NC	Chuquiraga jussieui J.F.Gmel.	Compositae
El Salvador	National Flower	Yucca filifera (Flor de Izote)	21 Dec 1995	Yucca filifera Chabaud	Asparagaceae	https://sites.google.com/site/svenespanol/flor-nacional-de-el-salvador
Fiji	National Flower	Medinilla waterhousei (Tagimaucia)	NC	Medinilla waterhousei Seem.	Melastomataceae
Finland	National Flower	Convallaria majalis (Lily of the valley)	1967	Convallaria majalis L.	Asparagaceae
Greece	National Flower	Laurus nobillis (Laurel branch)	NC	Laurus nobilis L.	Lauraceae
Grenada	National Flower	Bougainvillea glabra, Bougainvillea spectabilis (bougainvillea)	NC	Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd	Nyctaginaceae	http://www.gov.gd/our_nation/bougainvillaea_flower.html
Guatemala	National Flower	Lycaste skinnery var. alba (Monja Blanca)	11 Feb 1934	Lycaste skinneri Lindl.	Orchidaceae	http://www.banguat.gob.gt/en/currency%20and%20bills/monetaryLaw.pdf
Guyana	National Flower	Victoria amazonica (Victoria Regia)	Coat of arms: 25 Feb 19661966	Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) J.C. Sowerby	Nymphaeaceae	http://www.guyana.org/Handbook/symbols.html
Honduras	National Flower	Brassavola digbiana (Orchid)	12 Jan 1946	Rhyncholaelia digbyana (Lindl.) Schltr.	Orchidaceae	http://www.honduras.com/official/
Iceland	National Flower	Dryas octopetala (Holtasóley, Mountain Aven)	2 Jun 2006	Dryas octopetala L.	Rosaceae	https://www.postur.is/myndir/pdf/utgafa1_06_en.pdf
India	National Flower	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Lotus)	26 Jan 1950	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	Nelumbonaceae	http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php/national_symbols.php?id=4
Indonesia	National Flower	Jasminum sambac (Jasmine, Melati)	5 Jun 1990	Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.	Oleaceae	http://bk.menlh.go.id/florafauna/home.htm
Indonesia	Enchanting National Flower	Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid, Anggrek Bulan)	NC	Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume	Orchidaceae	http://bk.menlh.go.id/florafauna/home.htm
Indonesia	Rare National Flower	Rafflesia arnoldii (Giant Lotus, Giant Rafflesia, Padma Raksasa)	NC	Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br.	Rafflesiaceae	http://bk.menlh.go.id/florafauna/home.htm
Jamaica	National Flower	Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)	28 Mar 1962	Guaiacum officinale L.	Zygophyllaceae	http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/This%20Is%20Jamaica/symbols.html
Jordan	National Flower	Iris nigricans (Black Iris)	NC	Iris nigricans Dinsm.	Iridaceae	http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/geo_env2.html
Kuwait	National Flower	Rhanterium epapposum (arfaj)	1983	Rhanterium epapposum Oliv.	Compositae
Lao People’s Democratic Republic	National Flower	Genus Plumeria (Dok Champa, Frangipani)	NC	Genus Plumeria L.	Apocynaceae	http://www.mofapresscenter.gov.la/view.php?viewFile=./docs/Lao%20National%20Flower%20.html
Latvia	National Flower	Leucanthemum vulgare (Pipene, Daisy, Margrietiņa)	NC	Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam.	Compositae	http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/latvia/about/symbols/Flower/
Malaysia	National Flower	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Bunga Raya, Hibiscus)	28 Jul 1960	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.	Malvaceae	http://www.treesforlife.gov.my/bgraya_malaysia.php?lang=en&f=5
Maldives	National Flower	Rose polyantha (Pink Rose, Finifenmaa)	25 Jul 1985	Main Modern Rose Class, Group Polyantha	Rosaceae	http://www.un.int/maldives/emble.htm
Mauritius	National Flower	Trochetia boutoniana (Boucle d'Oreille)	12 Mar 1992	Trochetia boutoniana Friedmann	Malvaceae	http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/abtmtius?content_id=7c690d31693c8010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD
Mexico	National Flower	Genus Dahlia (Acocoxóchitl, Acocotli, Xicamiti, Cohuanenepilii, Hichipoztle Flower)	1963	Genus Dahlia Cav.	Compositae	http://www.revista.unam.mx/vol.7/num11/art90/nov_art90.pdf
Myanmar	National Flower	Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Padauk)	18 Dec 2008	Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz	Leguminosae
Myanmar	National Flower	Bulbophyllum auricomum (tha zin pan)	18 Dec 2008	Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl.	Orchidaceae
Myanmar	National Flower	Shorea siamensis (inn gin pan)	18 Dec 2008	Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz.	Dipterocarpaceae
Nepal	National Flower	Rhododendron arboreum (Laali Guraansh)	NC	Rhododendron arboreum Sm.	Ericaceae
Nicaragua	National Flower	Plumeria rubra f. acutefolia (Sacuanjoche)	17 Aug 1971	Plumeria rubra L.	Apocynaceae	http://www.mined.gob.ni/emblemas1.php
Nigeria	National Flower	Costus spectabilis	1 Oct 1960	Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum.	Costaceae	http://nigeriaat50.gov.ng/national-symbols/national-flower/
Pakistan	National Flower	Genus Jasminum (Jasmine)	NC	Genus Jasminum L.	Oleaceae	http://www.infopak.gov.pk/BasicFacts.aspx
Panama	National Flower	Peristeria elata (Flor del Espiritu Santo, Holy Spirit Orchid)	21 Oct 1980	Peristeria elata Hook.	Orchidaceae	http://www.binal.ac.pa/buscar/referencia/florpanama.htm
Peru	National Flower	Cantua buxifolia (Cantuta)	NC	Cantua buxifolia Juss. ex Lam.	Polemoniaceae
Philippines	National Flower	Jasminum sambac (Sampaguita, Arabian Jasmine)	1 Feb 1934	Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.	Oleaceae	http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/phil-fast-facts/culture-profile-sampaguita.php
Republic of Korea	National Flower	Hibiscus syriacus (Mugunghwa, Rose of Sharon)	NC	Hibiscus syriacus L.	Malvaceae
Saint Kitts and Nevis	National Flower	Delonix regia (Poinciana, Flamboyant)	Sep 1983	Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf.	Leguminosae	http://www.gov.kn/ct.asp?xItem=303&ctNode=59&mp=1
Saint Lucia	National Flower	Rose	Sep 1985	Possibly Genus Rosa L.	Rosaceae	http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/saint_lucia/the_national_flowers.htm
Saint Lucia	National Flower	Marguerite	Sep 1985	Possibly Gomphrena globosa L.	Amaranthaceae	http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/saint_lucia/the_national_flowers.htm
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	National Flower	Spachea perforata (Soufriere Tree )	NC	Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) Adr. Juss.	Malpighiaceae	http://www.gov.vc/tourism/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41&Itemid=28
Samoa	National Flower	Alpinia purpurata (Teuila)	NC	Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum.	Zingiberaceae
Seychelles	National Flower	Angraecum eburneum (Payanke, Tropic Bird Orchid)	NC	Angraecum eburneum Bory	Orchidaceae	http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/index.php/component/content/article/51-additions/259-lets-visit-cousin-island
Singapore	National Flower	Vanda 'Miss Joaquim'	15 Apr 1981	Vanda Miss Joaquim	Orchidaceae	http://stars.nhb.gov.sg/stars/public/viewDocx.jsp?stid=21464&lochref=viewPDF-body.jsp?pdfno=SD19810415_1.pdf&keyword=national
South Africa	National Flower	Protea cynaroides (Giant or king protea)	1975	Protea cynaroides (L.) L.	Proteaceae	http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/flower.htm
Sri Lanka	National Flower	Nymphaea nouchali (Nil Mahanel flower, Water Lily)	26 Feb 1986	Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.	Nymphaeaceae	http://www.srilankaembassy.org/en/sri-lanka/national-symbols/
Suriname	National Flower	Fajalobi	NC	Possibly Ixora coccinea L. (Fajalobbie)	Rubiaceae	http://www.surinameembassy.org/welcome.shtml
Taiwan	National Flower	Prunus mume (Plum Blossom)	21 Jul 1964	Armeniaca mume Siebold	Rosaceae	http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/0NationalSymbols.pdf
Thailand	National Flower	Cassia fistula (Ratchaphruek, Khun)	26 Oct 2001	Cassia fistula L.	Leguminosae	http://thailand.prd.go.th/ebook/inbrief/page.php?cid=4
Trinidad and Tobago	National Flower	Warszewiczia coccinea (Chaconia, Wild Poinsetta, Pride of Trinidad and Tobago)	1962	Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch	Rubiaceae	http://www.foreign.gov.tt/about_trinidad/national_flower/
United States	National Flower	Genus Rosa	26 Nov 1986	Possibly Genus Rosa L.	Rosaceae	http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/usinfo_floral.html
Venezuela	National Flower	Cattleya mossiae (Orchid, Flor de Mayo)	23 May 1951	Cattleya mossiae C.Parker ex Hook.	Orchidaceae	http://www.saime.gob.ve/simb_patrios/Identidad.php
Yemen	National Flower	Aloe irafensis	2008	Aloe irafensis Lavranos, T.A.McCoy & Al-Gifri	Asparagaceae
Zimbabwe	National Flower	Gloriosa superba (Flame Lily, Amakukhulume, Kajongwe)	1960 as Rhodesia	Gloriosa superba L.	Colchicaceae	http://www.zim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=127&Itemid=185

Written by Reuben C. J. LIM :: Department of Biological Sciences :: Faculty of Science :: National University of Singapore, Singapore. Source: email 29 June 2013