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The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 Paperback – March 18, 2014

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 4,212 ratings

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“A monumental new volume. . . . Revelatory, even revolutionary. . . . Clark has done a masterful job explaining the inexplicable.” — Boston Globe

One of The New York Times Book Review’s 10 Best Books of the Year Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize (History)

Historian Christopher Clark’s riveting account of the explosive beginnings of World War I.

Drawing on new scholarship, Clark offers a fresh look at World War I, focusing not on the battles and atrocities of the war itself, but on the complex events and relationships that led a group of well-meaning leaders into brutal conflict.

Clark traces the paths to war in a minute-by-minute, action-packed narrative that cuts between the key decision centers in Vienna, Berlin, St. Petersburg, Paris, London, and Belgrade, and examines the decades of history that informed the events of 1914 and details the mutual misunderstandings and unintended signals that drove the crisis forward in a few short weeks.

Meticulously researched and masterfully written, The Sleepwalkers is a dramatic and authoritative chronicle of Europe’s descent into a war that tore the world apart.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“An important book. . . . One of the most impressive and stimulating studies of the period ever published.” — Max Hastings, The Sunday Times

“Excellent. . . . The book is stylishly written as well as superb scholarship. No analysis of the origins of the First World War will henceforth be able to bypass this magisterial work.” — Ian Kershaw, BBC History

“The most readable account of the origins of the First World War since Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August. The difference is that The Sleepwalkers is a lovingly researched work of the highest scholarship.” — Niall Ferguson

“This compelling examination of the causes of World War I deserves to become the new standard one-volume account of that contentious subject.” — Foreign Affairs

“Clark is a masterly historian. . . . His account vividly reconstructs key decision points while deftly sketching the context driving them. . . . A magisterial work.” — The Wall Street Journal

“A monumental new volume. . . . Revelatory, even revolutionary. . . . Clark has done a masterful job explaining the inexplicable.” — The Boston Globe

“Easily the best book ever written on the subject. . . . A work of rare beauty that combines meticulous research with sensitive analysis and elegant prose. The enormous weight of its quality inspires amazement and awe. . . . Academics should take note: Good history can still be a good story.” — The Washington Post

“A meticulously researched, superbly organized, and handsomely written account.” — MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History

“Superb. . . . One of the great mysteries of history is how Europe’s great powers could have stumbled into World War I. . . . This is the single best book I have read on this important topic.” — Fareed Zakaria

“A thoroughly comprehensive and highly readable account. . . . The brilliance of Clark’s far-reaching history is that we are able to discern how the past was genuinely prologue. . . . In conception, steely scholarship and piercing insights, his book is a masterpiece.” — Harold Evans, The New York Times Book Review

“As spacious and convincing a treatment as has yet appeared. . . . Clark’s prose is clear and laced with color.” — The Daily Beast

“A great book. . . An amazing narrative history of the crisis and the larger context.” — Slate

“A superb account of the causes of the first world war. . . . Clark brilliantly puts this illogical conflict into context.” — The Guardian

“This book is as authoritative as it is gripping. . . . Clark provides a vivid panorama of the jostling among Europe’s policymakers. . . . The reader is rapt as ‘watchful but unseeing’ protagonists head for inconceivable horror.” — The Independent

“Excellent. . . . Where Clark excels is in explaining how the pre-war diplomatic maneuvers resembled a giant exercise in game theory.”- — The Economist

“Clark’s narrative sophistication, his philosophical awareness, and his almost preternatural command of his sources make The Sleepwalkers an exemplary instance of how to navigate this tricky terrain. The best book on the origins of the First World War that I know.” — Thomas Laqueur, The London Review of Books

“One of 2013’s finest nonfiction books. . . . Offers more up-to-date scholarship than you’ll find in a classic like Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August.” — Matthew Yglesias, Slate

From the Back Cover

On the morning of June 28, 1914, when Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie Chotek, arrived at Sarajevo railway station, Europe was at peace. Thirty-seven days later, it was at war. The conflict that resulted would kill more than fifteen million people, destroy three empires, and permanently alter world history.

The Sleepwalkers reveals in gripping detail how the crisis leading to World War I unfolded. Drawing on fresh sources, it traces the paths to war in a minute-by-minute, action-packed narrative that cuts among the key decision centers in Vienna, Berlin, St. Petersburg, Paris, London, and Belgrade. Distinguished historian Christopher Clark examines the decades of history that informed the events of 1914 and details the mutual misunderstandings and unintended signals that drove the crisis forward in a few short weeks.

How did the Balkans—a peripheral region far from Europe's centers of power and wealth—come to be the center of a drama of such magnitude? How had European nations organized themselves into opposing alliances, and how did these nations manage to carry out foreign policy as a result? Clark reveals a Europe racked by chronic problems—a fractured world of instability and militancy that was, fatefully, saddled with a conspicuously ineffectual set of political leaders. These rulers, who prided themselves on their modernity and rationalism, stumbled through crisis after crisis and finally convinced themselves that war was the only answer.

Meticulously researched and masterfully written, The Sleepwalkers is a magisterial account of one of the most compelling dramas of modern times.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harper Perennial; Reprint edition (March 18, 2014)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 736 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0061146668
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0061146664
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.25 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.31 x 1.18 x 8 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 4,212 ratings

About the author

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Christopher Clark
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Christopher Clark is a professor of modern European history and a fellow of St. Catharine's College at the University of Cambridge, UK. He is the author of Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947, among other books.

Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
4,212 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book informative and well-researched. They describe it as a wonderful, riveting read with clear writing style. The political analysis is enlightening, with an insightful discussion of imperialism and the impact of industrialization that preceded the war. Readers appreciate the rich character development and portraits of key decision-makers. Overall, the book provides new insights into the origins of World War I.

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487 customers mention "Scholarly content"444 positive43 negative

Customers find the book's content well-researched and written. They say it provides valuable insights into how Europe stumbled into World War I. The book provides a detailed account, expertly steeped in evidence, that is clear and convincing. Readers appreciate the author's skillful guidance through the actions, fears, and motivations of key players.

"...The book is significant not only for its Academic Honesty and Intellectual Integrity but also for the depth of its perception of causes an effects..." Read more

"...Emmerson's informative and charming book is a Baedecker tour of the world in 1913: not just what was the state of affairs and of mind in the world's..." Read more

"...while many accounts emphasize Germany and the UK; and a better use of sources than many other authors, who often treat self-serving or post-war..." Read more

"...There are photos of most of the principle actors, and the index is nicely detailed." Read more

364 customers mention "Readability"296 positive68 negative

Customers find the book well-written and enjoyable to read. They say it's informative and worth their time.

"Was World War I inevitable? This splendid and readable book argues that it was not, focussing a series of specific policy choices made by..." Read more

"...Reading this very well written book one understands the strength of the possible when it becomes probable until,"Some stupid thing in the..." Read more

"...Emmerson's informative and charming book is a Baedecker tour of the world in 1913: not just what was the state of affairs and of mind in the world's..." Read more

"...Clark makes up for this lack, though, in his fine judgments, unearthing of the contemporary mindset, and careful sifting of the contemporary..." Read more

223 customers mention "Writing quality"169 positive54 negative

Customers find the writing clear and well-organized. They appreciate the simple explanations and scholarly approach. The book is described as splendid and readable, though some readers feel it's overly complex.

"Was World War I inevitable? This splendid and readable book argues that it was not, focussing a series of specific policy choices made by..." Read more

"...The writing by a gifted storyteller is in an elegantly simple and free of conceit prose,arranging the real events in such a way as to create the..." Read more

"...tells is rife with agency--and Carlson (like Emmerson as well) writes a vigorous and engaging prose...." Read more

"...A few words are curious as I found some difficult to translate into more common English - a relative few made no sense." Read more

87 customers mention "Political analysis"75 positive12 negative

Customers appreciate the book's political analysis. They find it enlightening and lucid, providing an accurate description of the impacts of imperialism and industrialization that preceded the war. The book also provides a detailed examination of the irredentist movement in Serbia, Russia's paranoia, and diverse competing influences. It goes a long way towards recreating the cultural and ideological texture and motivational framework of the time, describing their ongoing rivalries and their resulting implemented military policies and plans.

"...presentation of the Balkan situation and of Serbian internal politics is particularly enlightening, suggesting that Austria's response was not as..." Read more

"...It also provides a rationale (to the extent that a rationale exists)for the acts of the various players of that period up to the start of the War...." Read more

"...the June/July 1914 period nor under-emphasizing it; the relative attention paid to Serbia, Russia and Austria-Hungary, while many accounts emphasize..." Read more

"...assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife by the Serbian Gavrilo Princip is brilliant, reading like a fictional thriller...." Read more

29 customers mention "Character development"22 positive7 negative

Customers appreciate the book's character development. They find the individuals portrayed rich, with all their strengths, flaws, and oddities. The portraits of key decision-makers are fascinating. The portrayal of the politicians and rulers is astounding. It shows all the key actors, warts and all, with photos of most of the principle actors. The political background and the personalities of the leaders involved are the causes of WWI.

"...There are photos of most of the principle actors, and the index is nicely detailed." Read more

"...There are many character portraits that are insightful and entertaining...." Read more

"...And you will need a scorecard. There are many characters as would normally be the case in world events of epic proportions...." Read more

"...Certainly not as clear as ww2. No obvious villains. No Hitler or Mussolini or final solutions...." Read more

22 customers mention "History"22 positive0 negative

Customers enjoy the book's history. They find it an excellent review of the pre-World War years that provides new insights into the origins of the Great War. Many consider it a key book for any Great War enthusiast, providing an original perspective on the background of the crisis.

"...Christopher Clark’s book is the best one of the origins of the war...." Read more

"...The lasting impression for me was how contemporary this book and its lessons are...." Read more

"...A key book for any Great War enthusiast...." Read more

"This is a illuminating and wonderfully examination of the start of WWI...." Read more

66 customers mention "Narrative quality"40 positive26 negative

Customers have different views on the narrative quality. Some find the story fantastic and enthralling, with great writing and extensive research. Others mention the history is complex with obscure events and characters. The narrative is described as grim, with hesitation, fear, and martial enthusiasm.

"...of the effort to keep track of so many different threads to this great story...." Read more

"...It is a somber series of investigations in which the reader understands how a different decision, different timing, but apart from the persistent..." Read more

"...Clark’s book is different. It ends with the mobilization of armies and spends its time with a deep dive into the history and diplomatic archives of..." Read more

"Fascinating book. I am thrilled with the ending but sad because I've now read Clark's two primary books...." Read more

17 customers mention "Depth"10 positive7 negative

Customers have different views on the book's depth. Some find it interesting and well-researched, covering the multitude of dimensions that brought about WWI. Others feel it goes into too much detail and can become boring at times. There are mixed opinions on the chronology and lack of maps or illustrations.

"...Positives: The truly vast and diverse amount of research...." Read more

"...Even with sometimes too many names and too much detail, I still couldn't put it down." Read more

"...This book doesn't answer all of these questions, but it does go into great depth in discussing the change of alliances and the machinations of the..." Read more

"...written for clarity, weaving strands together, although sometimes too much detail even for a lover of the period...." Read more

Great book, but print too small to read
3 out of 5 stars
Great book, but print too small to read
Well written historical anology for history buffs, but the paperback edition is more than 600 pages and the typeface so small that reading more than a few pages either gives you eyestrain or puts one to sleep. If you are the author (Clark) please don't let your publisher do that too you again, or much of your efforts will go unnoticed or unappreciated.
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on June 21, 2015
    Was World War I inevitable? This splendid and readable book argues that it was not, focussing a series of specific policy choices made by individual national leaders in several different countries. Taken together, these choices unleashed the maelstrom, but Clark suggests that different choices could have been made, and that a different and more peaceful outcome might have followed.

    This brings us up against two key themes -- or more accurately points of disagreement -- in World War 1 historiography. First, there's what another reviewer succinctly describes as the powder keg vs. the match. The "powder keg" view argues that political and economic tensions in Europe in 1914 were so intense that war was inevitable, making the Sarajevo assassination and subsequent events nothing more than a trigger: had they not happened, something else would have done. The "match" view argues that a general European war was not inevitable, which makes Sarejevo very important indeed.

    Clark argues that the match mattered a great deal, more by detailing what actually did happen than by presenting counter-factuals. For me, this was a compelling approach. His detailed presentation of the Balkan situation and of Serbian internal politics is particularly enlightening, suggesting that Austria's response was not as irrational as is often assumed. And his discussion of the domestic pressures working on various political leaders taught me a great deal that I did not know. As well as specific issues -- he argues that much of the British military establishment saw a European war as something that could stop Home Rule in Ireland -- he discusses the cultural and even personal pressures that worked on key actors. Overall, he describes a policy environment in which internal communications were poor and lines of command blurred -- an environment in which mistakes were all too possible.

    Second, there is question of national war guilt, which has been a central issue ever since the Treaty of Versailles put all of the guilt on Germany. This was of course a major political issue in the interwar period, which tended to be pushed aside after World War II. But Fritz Fischer reopened the argument with a bang in 1961; in "Germany's Aims in the First World War", Fischer argued that Germany planned the war as a step towards European domination, making Hitler's policies a continuation rather than an aberration. The debate that Fischer opened up is still wide open. Some who disagree with him argue that another country (Russia, or France, or England) bore at least a large part of the responsibility, while others argue that war was triggered by a series of mistakes that left all participants (or no participants) responsible. All involved have tended to move towards more nuanced points of view, but big differences persist.

    Clark's title makes it clear where he stands in this debate: "Sleepwalkers" argues that the war resulted from mistakes rather than intention, though several national leaders were only too ready to move towards the brink. The institutional issues are critical here, in that leaders did not have accurate information, and did not communicate clearly, on a national as well as an international level. Moreover, he describes a situation in which all the major players had belief systems -- different and contradictory belief systems -- which allowed them to convince themselves that highly aggressive actions were in fact defensive.

    Overall, this is an illuminating and very interesting book. Any historian of course selects and arranges his evidence, and Clark does so quite brilliantly. I am not entirely convinced that the war could in fact have been avoided. But reading this book has certainly shown me how much individual misjudgements and random chance had to do with the war's outbreak,and how much Sarajevo really did matter.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on June 10, 2013
    This is a masterpiece.It is the clearest and best documented account in one volume of why and how the 1st WW happened,not by the Sarajevo assassination but by events going back many years.
    Reading this very well written book one understands the strength of the possible when it becomes probable until,"Some stupid thing in the Balkans"happens, as Bismarck had foreseen thirty years previously.
    The book combines deep and broad research,diligent and profound analysis and intelligent and rational synthesis of a tremendous amount of data.It also provides a rationale (to the extent that a rationale exists)for the acts of the various players of that period up to the start of the War.Every nation's and every caste's within the nations are examined exposed and understood better than before.
    The shaping of intentions and the shaping of actions by intentions ,all originating in perceptions is clearly demonstrated ,analysed and exposed for our judgement
    The best way I can describe this book is that it shows how the various political,diplomatic and military clouds formed, how these clouds interacted within a nation,between two nations,and in the whole of Europe and the results of these interactions.
    It shows how every year from about 1905 to 1914 ,brought the conflict closer and the probability of a war increasing as time went by.
    Reading the book is like watching a collision in slow motion.The irreconciiability of perceived interests of every nation with opposing nations led to the formation of the two alliances.Professor Clark demonstrates also that Great Britain was not the undecided bystander in this conflict as often presented,but there also a Team of Players in power ,with or without parliamentary legitimization in a convoluted way,contributed to the build-up of the momentum that led to the collision.
    The principal conclusion of the book is that there ware no innocent parties except Belgium,and each,unable to act for Peace,dominated by fear ,perceived potential danger,and greed and forced to a confrontational rectitude by the stiffness of their male egos,accepted by steps the fatality of war.
    The book is significant not only for its Academic Honesty and Intellectual Integrity but also for the depth of its perception of causes an effects even the very minor ones,and the presentation of them all for the reader to be the final judge.
    The first part of the book is the most interesting part ,also because the second part is much more written about and known.The author elegantly avoids to assign responsibilities in a more even handed than necessary and somewhat insipid way,hence my 4 1/2 stars instead of 5.
    The writing by a gifted storyteller is in an elegantly simple and free of conceit prose,arranging the real events in such a way as to create the interest to the reader.It is a pleasure to read.
    D.V.Kokkinos
    PS It is the sarcasm of History that Serbia was grown to Yugoslavia after the 1st WW for the wrong reasons and was reduced again to small Serbia after 75 years again for the wrong reasons by the Great Powers of the times
    5 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Alexandre Rocha
    5.0 out of 5 stars A origem da primeira guerra, explicadíssima
    Reviewed in Brazil on August 10, 2023
    Uma pena que a edição brasileira tenha alcançado um preço proibitivo. O livro em nenhum momento trata da primeira guerra em si, mas como começou e porquê, voltando ao final do século XIX.
  • Traveller
    5.0 out of 5 stars A complex history well brought together
    Reviewed in Spain on September 21, 2024
    The complexities of eastern European history as the Hapsburg empire crumbled and Russia flexed it's muscle in an environment filled with warmongers in several states is told with great precision.
    An excellent read
  • Franco Parma
    5.0 out of 5 stars Storia dettagliata e interessante
    Reviewed in Italy on May 6, 2024
    Cronistoria dettagliata
  • Ravi
    5.0 out of 5 stars Political perspective in Europe in early 1900s
    Reviewed in India on June 5, 2022
    This is a good book overall. It starts of very promising. However later it is all about interactions and communications between various European ministers and ambassadors and the games they play. Personally I didn’t enjoy that as much. It is very hard to recollect who is who and what is what. If you take a break between chapters or pages, continuing again is very hard.
  • Mauricio Gonzalez S
    5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente!
    Reviewed in Mexico on August 22, 2019
    Excelente libro!
    Muestra la enorme serie de factores, relacionados entre sí de manera compleja, que llevaron a la primera guerra mundial. No cae en la comodidad de ninguna hipótesis simple como culpar a una sola nación de la guerra.