Browsing

Data exploration and visualization systems are of great importance in the Big Data era. Exploring and visualizing very large datasets has become a major research challenge, of which scalability is a vital requirement. In this survey, we describe the major prerequisites and challenges that should be addressed by the modern exploration and visualization systems. Considering these challenges, we present how state-of-the-art approaches from the Database and Information Visualization communities attempt to handle them. Finally , we survey the systems developed by Semantic Web community in the context of the Web of Linked Data, and discuss to which extent these satisfy the contemporary requirements.

A browsable display under a specific search term can often frustrate users if the length of the display is carried over several screens. This article investigates methods of compressing headings identified by MARC subfield codes, in order to reduce the size of browsable displays. Arguments are presented that a more efficient system design can be achieved by machine sorting of subdivisions via a conceptual, rather than alphabetical approach. The author concludes that system architecture for browsable subject index displays must be redesigned to relieve the user of the burden of data organization.

Data exploration and visualization systems are of great importance in the Big Data era, in which the volume and
heterogeneity of available information make it difficult for humans to manually explore and analyse data. Most traditional systems
operate in an offline way, limited to accessing preprocessed (static) sets of data. They also restrict themselves to dealing
with small dataset sizes, which can be easily handled with conventional techniques. However, the Big Data era has realized the
availability of a great amount and variety of big datasets that are dynamic in nature; most of them offer API or query endpoints
for online access, or the data is received in a stream fashion. Therefore, modern systems must address the challenge of on-the-fly
scalable visualizations over large dynamic sets of data, offering efficient exploration techniques, as well as mechanisms for
information abstraction and summarization. Further, they must take into account different user-defined exploration scenarios
and user preferences. In this work, we present a generic model for personalized multilevel exploration and analysis over large
dynamic sets of numeric and temporal data. Our model is built on top of a lightweight tree-based structure which can be efficiently
constructed on-the-fly for a given set of data. This tree structure aggregates input objects into a hierarchical multiscale
model. We define two versions of this structure, that adopt different data organization approaches, well-suited to exploration and
analysis context. In the proposed structure, statistical computations can be efficiently performed on-the-fly. Considering different
exploration scenarios over large datasets, the proposed model enables efficient multilevel exploration, offering incremental construction
and prefetching via user interaction, and dynamic adaptation of the hierarchies based on user preferences. A thorough
theoretical analysis is presented, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed model. The proposed model is realized in a web-based
prototype tool, called SynopsViz that offers multilevel visual exploration and analysis over Linked Data datasets. Finally, we
provide a performance evaluation and a empirical user study employing real datasets.

Browsing damage by native ungulates is often to be considered one of the reasons of regeneration failure in Nothofagus pumilio silvicultural systems. Fencing and hunting in forests at regeneration phase have been proposed to mitigate browsing effects. This study aims to determine effectiveness of these control methods in harvested forests, evaluating browsing damage over regeneration, as well as climate-related constraints (freezing or desiccation). Forest structure and regeneration plots were established in two exclosures against native ungulates (Lama guanicoe) by wire fences in the Chilean portion of Tierra del Fuego island, where tree regeneration density, growth, abiotic damage and quality (multi-stems and base/stem deformation) were assessed. Exclosures did not influence regeneration density (at the initial stage with < 1.3 m high, and at the advanced stage with >1.3 m high). However, sapling height at 10-years old was significantly lower outside (40e50 cm high) than inside exclosures (80e100 cm), and also increased their annual height growth, probably as a hunting effect. Likewise, quality was better inside exclosures. Alongside browsing, abiotic conditions negatively influenced sapling quality in the regen-eration phase (20%e28% of all seedlings), but greatly to taller plants (as those from inside exclosure). This highlights the importance of considering climatic factors when analysing browsing effects. For best results , control of guanaco in recently harvested areas by fencing should be applied in combination with a reduction of guanaco density through continuous hunting. The benefits of mitigation actions (fencing and hunting) on regeneration growth may shorten the regeneration phase period in shelterwood cutting forests (30e50% less time), but incremental costs must be analysed in the framework of management planning by means of long-term studies.

Understanding how predation risk and plant defenses interactively shape plant distributions is a core challenge in ecology. By combining global positioning system telemetry of an abundant antelope (impala) and its main predators (leopards and wild dogs) with a series of manipulative field experiments, we showed that herbivores&#39; risk-avoidance behavior and plants&#39; antiherbivore defenses interact to determine tree distributions in an African savanna. Well-defended thorny Acacia trees (A. etbaica) were abundant in low-risk areas where impala aggregated but rare in high-risk areas that impala avoided. In contrast, poorly defended trees (A. brevispica) were more abundant in high- than in low-risk areas. Our results suggest that plants can persist in landscapes characterized by intense herbivory, either by defending themselves or by thriving in risky areas where carnivores hunt.

Drug manufacturers have been increasingly marketing their prescription medications using Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advertisements. This research examines the effects of integrating and separating risks and benefits within prescription drug DTC Website ads and presenting the risk and benefits at different levels of the Website. Two different drug Websites and two different task types (general browsing and item search) were used. Risk and benefit recall, recognition, time-on-task, click rate, and task success for risk and benefit search, as well as risk noticeability, were measured. The risks and benefits were found faster, with fewer clicks, and remembered more often when they were placed higher in the Website and in separate sections. Risks on a fourth level page without a link from the home page were difficult to find. Risks were rated most noticeable when they were presented separately on the home page. Guidelines are provided for the development of DTC Websites.

— In order to study the effects of herbivory on plant communities, we determined whether the types and concentrations of chemicals present in different aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands and understories, i.e., the foodscape, are associated with aspen use by elk (Cervus elaphus L.) and with aspen regeneration and recruitment. Transects were established in aspen stands with high, medium, and low regeneration levels (N=5 locations/regeneration level; ranging from 2,331 m to 2,724 m in elevation) in Wolf Creek Ranch in northern Utah. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and regression analyses, we examined the relationships between aspen regeneration, recruitment, elk presence, browsing, and other landscape elements with the foodscape (e.g., biomass and chemical composition of the understory and chemical defenses of juvenile aspen trees). The foodscape was affected by elevation and canopy height but it did not explain aspen use or indicators of aspen resilience. Our findings suggest that foodscapes of lower nutrient content– occurring at lower elevations under drier climatic conditions–are more likely to foster aspen stands with less forb and grass understory, and thus lower nutritional biomass. Nevertheless, the extent of the decline in the availability of nutrients in the understory did not appear to influence aspen browsing or indicators of aspen resilience. Future research should focus on exploring the influence of additional–and more contrasting–gradients of chemical availability in the landscape on aspen use by herbivores.

Drug manufacturers have been increasing marketing their prescription medications using Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advertisements.  This research examines the effects of integrating and separating risks and benefits within prescription drug DTC website ads and presenting risk and benefits at different drub websites and two different task types (general browsing and item search) were used. Risk and benefit recall, recognition, time-on-task, click rate, and task success for risk and benefit search, as well as risk noticeability, were measured.  The risk and benefits were found faster, with few clicks, and remembered more often when they were placed higher in the website and in separate sections. Risk on a fourth level page without a link from the home page were difficult to find. Risks were rated most noticeable when they were presented separately on the home page. Guidelines are provided for the development of DTC websites.

Understanding how predation risk and plant defenses interactively shape plant distributions is a core challenge in ecology. By combining global positioning system
telemetry of an abundant antelope (impala) and its main predators (leopards and wild dogs) with a series of manipulative field experiments, we showed that herbivores’ risk-avoidance behavior and plants’ antiherbivore defenses interact to determine tree distributions in an African savanna.Well-defended thorny Acacia trees (A. etbaica) were abundant in low-risk areas where impala aggregated but rare in high-risk areas that impala avoided. In contrast, poorly defended trees (A. brevispica) were more abundant in high- than in low-risk areas. Our results suggest that plants can persist in landscapes characterized by intense herbivory, either by defending themselves or by thriving in risky
areas where carnivores hunt.

In this paper we present and compare two methodologies for rapidly inducing multiple subject-specific taxonomies from crawled data. The first method involves a sentence-level words co-occurrence frequency method for building the taxonomy, while the second involves the bootstrapping of a Word2Vec based algorithm with a directed crawler. We exploit the multilingual open-content directory of the World Wide Web, DMOZ 1 to seed the crawl, and the domain name to direct the crawl. This domain corpus is then input to our algorithm that can automatically induce taxonomies. The induced taxonomies provide hierarchical semantic dimensions for the purposes of faceted browsing. As part of an ongoing personal semantics project, we applied the resulting taxonomies to personal social media data (Twitter, Gmail, Facebook, Instagram, Flickr) with an objective of enhancing an individual's exploration of their personal information through faceted searching. We also perform a comprehensive corpus based evaluation of the algorithms based on many datasets drawn from the fields of medicine (diseases) and leisure (hobbies) and show that the induced taxonomies are of high quality.

"This article relates the notions of excess and
insufficiency to new media, especially to the internet.
Using, among others, examples of browsing services,
the consequences of information excess in network
were presented: hegemonic position of browsers based
on algorithmization, commercialization, personalization
and fragmentation of content. At the same time,
described excess causes numerous insufficiencies,
mainly in the sphere of media competences but also
in the mental development of humans and the social
circulation of information, as well as in participation
in culture. They mainly result from the isolation the
web users fall in, from the trap of “filter bubble” and
from the strong influence of the internet on the users’
minds. The considerations presented below lead to
conclusions concerning the influence of excess and
insufficiency mentioned in the title to some broader
changes in modern culture.

Keywords: New media, internet, browsing, filter bubble,
personalization, algorithmization,"

A gesture interface is developed for users, such as doctors/surgeons, to browse medical images in a sterile medical environment. A vision-based gesture capture system interprets user’s gestures in real-time to ma-nipulate objects in an image visualization environment. A color distribution model of the gamut of colors of the users hand or glove is built at the start of each session resulting in an independent system. The gesture system relies on real-time robust tracking of the user’s hand based on a color-motion fusion model, in which the relative weight applied to the motion and color cues are adaptively determined according to the state of the system. Dynamic navigation gestures are translated to commands based on their relative positions on the screen. A state machine switches between other gestures such as zoom and rotate, as well as a sleep state. Performance evaluation included gesture recognition accuracy, task learning, and rotation accuracy. Fast task learning rates were fo...

Beberapa tips di bawah ini dapat membantu teman-teman ketika akan melakukan sebuah penelusuran untuk mencari artikel berupa jurnal, makalah, thesis, ebook maupun terbitan lainnya. Dengan menggunakan strategi penelusuran diharapkan tema n-teman dapat lebih akurat ketika mencari sebuah artikel di search engine (mesin pencari) baik di google,yahoo, dan lain-lainnya.

Theory supports the use of emotion and cognition to reach more informed decisions. Whilst, sound technologies are leading on affective search mechanisms, video technologies, such as iTV, have yet to follow. This research addresses iTV content information overload through the design of an affective search methodology, by combining emotion with cognition, to aid users decisions on watched content. A Research through Design approach aimed for innovation, user behaviour support and development. A collaborative Thematic analysis then revealed that users' browsing decisions are determined by their transient moods. Participants preferred to search by mood and reason combined. They expressed an interest in playful browsing and self-awareness tools, helping them understand their emotions. A novel interactive search system was then prototyped, consisting of mood inducing components, building a user archive of mood related video content, yielding personalised real-time recommendations. Moods could be translated and queried through a proposed html 5 mood tag. The resulting search engine supports worded and 'tacit browsing'. In conclusion, more can be known in the HCI community on adding affect for iTV search and tackling content finding challenges, by the search UI designed.

Browsing is part of the information-seeking process, used when information needs are ill-defined or unspecific. Browsing and searching are often interleaved during information seeking to accommodate changing awareness of information needs. Digital libraries often do not support browsing. Described here are three browsing systems created for the Greenstone digital library software .

Using planted trees to restore the attributes of natural forest is especially challenging when disturbances are still effective. Chronic browsing by large herbivores can act as such a chronic disturbance curtailing natural regeneration and potentially altering successional trajectory of forest. In the context of herbivore overabundance encountered in many regions of the world, plantation strategies must thus address both the top-down pressure exerted by consumers on planted trees and the bottom-up control related to competition for resources. In this paper, we explore whether selection of competition-adapted balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) seedling stock types (small, 110 cm3 container; medium; 200 cm3; or large, 350 cm3) could be used together with the management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in order to lower the effect of local competition as well as minimizing browsing on seedlings. When the top-down pressure from herbivores is low or absent, we hypothesize that height and diameter growth as well as survival will be proportional to the initial size and biomass of seedlings. Inversely, in plantations exposed to deer, the apparency hypothesis predicts that herbivores are most likely to feed on taller, more obvious seedlings. Overall, we predict that medium stock size seedlings will outperform small and larger ones as they offer the best size compromise to withstand competition while maintaining a minimum level of apparency in the establishment phase. After 3 growing seasons, the height and diameter of medium stock size seedlings (48.6 ± 0.7 cm and 1.06 ± 0.05 cm, respectively) were similar to large ones (51.7 ± 1.1 cm, p = 0.12 and, 1.22 ± 0.05 cm, p = 0.07) that had been almost twice their biomass at the onset of plantation. The overall browsing occurrence was under 10% for all stock types exposed to browsing, yet the relative risk of being browsed increased by almost 20% for seedlings 30 cm vs. 60 cm at the end of the previous growing season. Mortality rate was unrelated to the browsing regime (p = 0.14) but overall, medium stock seedlings performed slightly better (2.9 ± 0.3%) than both small (7.0 ± 0.2%, p = 0.10) and large ones (10.5 ± 0.4%, p = 0.03). Based on the prominent effect of bottom-up control over top-down control in our experimental plantation, we conclude that choosing a size-adapted stock can optimize the cost of the restoration scheme following herbivore population reduction.

Management of the natural environment and its resources leads to conflicts between different stake-holders worldwide. Recently mangrove browsing by feral water buffalo in the East-Godavari Delta (India) has been considered a threat to the regeneration of mangroves by the local Forest Department, which led to conflicts between the authorities and local herds-men who have an ancient tradition involving feral water buffalo. The impact of browsing and grazing of mangroves by feral water buffalo was monitored. Feral water buffalo consumed mangroves, but not to the extent claimed by the Forest Department, prefering Avicennia alba, A. marina and A. officinalis. Their browsing behaviour was not linked to a height zone, and buffalo preferred the fresh leaves from previously undamaged branches. Under experimental and natural conditions, browsing induced compensatory regrowth in Avicennia. The carrying capacity of the mangrove appears to be sufficient to accumulate impact. There are both posit...

ABSTRACT We investigated tree demography as influenced by topography and herbivory.•Sites at different topographies with and without livestock were seed and planted.•For seedlings herbivory was 5.8 times less important than topography.•At the sapling stage herbivory was 5.4 times more important than topography.•We highlight the importance of integrating life stages.

A gesture interface is developed for users, such as doctors/surgeons, to browse medical images in a sterile medical environment. A vision-based gesture capture system interprets user&#x27;s gestures in real-time to manipulate objects in an image visualization environment. A color distribution model of the gamut of colors of the users hand or glove is built at the start of each session resulting in an independent system. The gesture system relies on real-time robust tracking of the user&#x27;s hand based on a color-motion fusion model ...

Browsing is part of the information seeking process, used when information needs are ill-defined or unspecific. Browsing and searching are often interleaved during information seeking to accommodate changing awareness of information needs. Digital Libraries often support full-text search, but are not so helpful in supporting browsing. Described here is a novel browsing system created for the Greenstone software used by the New Zealand Digital Library that supports users in a more natural approach to the information seeking process.

Artykuł odnosi pojęcia nadmiaru i braku do nowych
mediów, w szczególności do internetu. Na przykładzie
m.in. usług wyszukiwania zawartości przedstawione
zostały konsekwencje nadmiaru informacji w sieci:
hegemoniczna pozycja wyszukiwarek oparta na
algorytmizacji, komercjalizacji, personalizacji
i fragmentaryzacji treści. Jednocześnie opisany nadmiar
powoduje liczne braki, głównie w sferze kompetencji
medialnych, ale także w rozwoju umysłowym
człowieka oraz społecznym obiegu informacji
i uczestnictwie w kulturze. Wynikają one głównie
z izolacji, w którą popadają użytkownicy sieci,
pułapki „bańki filtrującej” oraz silnego wpływu
internetu na umysłowość użytkownika.
Zaprezentowane rozważania prowadzą do wniosków
na temat wpływu tytułowego nadmiaru i braku na
szersze zmiany we współczesnej kulturze.

Słowa kluczowe: nowe media, internet, wyszukiwanie,
bańka filtrująca, personalizacja,