Born in Brooklyn and raised in Virginia,Whitaker was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in 1975. He spent three years in the minor leagues and was selected in 1976 as the most valuable player in the Florida State League. He made his Major League Baseball debut in September 1977 and won the American League Rookie of the Year Award in 1978. Whitaker won the Tiger of the Year award in 1983 after hitting .320 and tallying 206 hits. He repeated as Tiger of the Year in 1989 when he hit a career-high 28 home runs.
Whitaker and shortstop Alan Trammell played beside each other for 19 seasons and are the longest-running double play combination in major-league history. Whitaker was inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame in 2000.
Early life
Whitaker was born in Brooklyn,New York City,in 1957.[1] In the late 1950s,his mother,Marion Arlene Williams,moved to Martinsville,Virginia. Whitaker was raised in Martinsville by his mother and grandmother. Asked in 1979 about his father,Whitaker said,"He's never done anything for me. I don't hate him. I haven't got time to hate anybody. I just don't care to meet him. There's nothing emotionally happening between us."[2]
Whitaker was the starting third baseman in 1976 for the Lakeland Tigers of the Class AFlorida State League. Whitaker batted .297,had 48 stolen bases,and 62 runs batted in,and was named the league's most valuable player.[7][8] In one game with Lakeland,he stole five bases,including three steals of home.[9] Because of his "sweet swing" with the bat,Whitaker was given the nickname "Sweet Lou" while playing for Lakeland. Lakeland manager Jim Leyland said at the time:"For a youngster he's got a lot of poise and self-assurance. He's confident of his ability to play and nothing seems to bother him."[10]
After the 1976 season,the Tigers sent Whitaker to instructional camp to convert him into a second baseman. Whitaker said at the time:"Detroit needs a second baseman. And even though I've never played that position I'm ready to try. I've got Eddie Brinkman teaching me and he's good. I hope that I can do as well."[10] Brinkman later recalled,"Whitaker is such a natural athlete that he took to second base right away."[2]
During winter ball before the 1977 season,the Tigers also paired Whitaker with shortstopAlan Trammell. In 1977,they both played for the Montgomery Rebels of the Double-ASouthern League. Whitaker and Trammell were both named to the Southern League all-star team.[11] Whitaker compiled a .280 batting average with 38 stolen bases,58 bases on balls,and a .374 on-base percentage.[6]
Rookie of the Year
In September 1977,the Tigers called up Whitaker and Trammell.[12] Both made their major league debuts on September 9 against the Boston Red Sox. Whitaker went three-for-five with a stolen base,hit a double off the Green Monster at Fenway Park,and registered his first run batted in (RBI) against the Baltimore Orioles.[1][11] He appeared in 11 games at the end of the 1977 season,compiling a .250 batting average and .333 on-base percentage.[1]
In 1978,manager Ralph Houk started the season with Whitaker and Trammell platooning with Steve Dillard and Mark Wagner. By May,Whitaker and Trammell had established themselves as every day starters. Houk noted at the time,"Those two kids have just been great. They have played absolutely outstanding defensive ball. You saw Whitaker make a play very few second basemen in the league would have made."[13] By August,Houk was effusive in his praise:"They're the best I've ever seen for their age. On the double plays,knowing where the ball is going to be,that's something you can't teach."[14]
In his first full season,Whitaker appeared in 139 games,123 of them as the Tigers' starting second baseman. He turned 95 double plays,scored 71 runs,stole 20 bases,and compiled a .285 batting average with a .361 on-base percentage.[1] Detroit fans also began a long tradition in 1978,chanting,"Loooooooou" when Whitaker came to the plate. Whitaker recalled that he initially thought the crowd was booing him.[2]
In November 1978,he was voted by the baseball writers as the winner of the American LeagueRookie of the Year Award. Whitaker received 21 of the 28 first-place votes,easily defeating Paul Molitor (three votes),Carney Lansford (two votes),Trammell (one vote),and Rich Gale (one vote). At the time,Whitaker said,"This is the biggest moment of my career. Winning the award makes me proud of myself for the things I have done."[7]
1979 to 1982
Whitaker bats at Tiger Stadium in 1981
Whitaker had another strong season in 1979. He compiled a .286 batting average,drew 78 bases on balls (boosting his on-base percentage to .395),and stole 20 bases.[1]
In 1980,Whitaker slumped at the plate,his batting average dropping 53 points from the previous season to .233.[1]
In the strike-shortened 1981 season,Whitaker led the American League with 109 games played. His 354 assists led the league's second basemen and ranked third among all players in the league.[1]
After hitting no more than five home runs in any of his previous seasons,Whitaker began to hit for power in 1982,tallying 15 home runs,eight triples,and a .286 batting average. He also had one of his best defensive seasons in 1982,leading the league's second basemen with 470 assists,120 double plays turned,and a .988 fielding percentage. His 1.9 defensive wins above replacement (dWAR) rating ranked fourth highest in the American League among players at all positions.[1]
All-Star in 1983
Whitaker enjoyed perhaps his finest overall season in 1983. He appeared in a career-high 161 games and compiled a .320 batting average and 206 hits,both of which were career highs and ranked third highest in the American League. He also had 40 doubles,six triples,12 home runs,72 runs batted in (RBI),94 runs scored,and a .380 on-base percentage.[1] His 1983 wins above replacement (WAR) rating of 6.7 was the sixth best in the American League.[1]
He was selected for the first of five times to the American League All-Star team.[1] He was selected as a reserve and entered the game as a pinch-hitter in the seventh inning. He hit a triple that landed at the base of the 401-foot marker in Chicago's Comiskey Park and collected a run batted in as Ron Kittle scored on the play.[15] At the end of the 1983 season,Whitaker won the following awards:
On October 18,The Sporing News selected Whitaker as the second baseman on its annual post-season all-star team.[16]
On October 28,the Detroit chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America selected Whitaker for its "Tiger of the Year" award. Whitaker received 29 of 44 first-place votes,well ahead of Jack Morris who received seven first-place votes.[17]
On November 16,Whitaker was selected by The Sporting News for the American League Silver Slugger Award,as the best offensive player at second base.[18]
On December 6,Whitaker was selected as the Gold Glove Award winner as the best defensive second baseman in the American League. It was the first time in the history of the award that three players from a single team won Gold Gloves,as Alan Trammell and Lance Parrish also won won the award at their positions.[19]
Whitaker also finished eighth in the voting for the 1983 American League Most Valuable Player Award.[20]
World champion in 1984
In 1984,the Tigers opened the season with a 35–5 record and went on to defeat the Kansas City Royals in the 1984 American League Championship Series and the San Diego Padres in the 1984 World Series. Whitaker was the team's leadoff hitter and starting second baseman. He appeared in 142 games at second base and compiled a .289 batting average and 13 home runs. For the second consecutive year,he was selected as an American League All-Star and won Gold Glove and Silver Slugger Awards.[1]
Whitaker hit a double and scored in the first inning of Game 1 of the World Series. He hit .278 in the Series with a .409 on-base percentage,scoring six runs in the five games.[1]
Whitaker's second daughter,Sarah,was born on October 14,1984,the same day Detroit won the fifth and final game of the World Series.[21]
Power surge in 1985
In 1985,Whitaker set a record for Detroit second basemen with 21 home runs,while topping 100 runs scored for the first time in his career (102).
Whitaker was selected to play in the All-Star game for the third consecutive year,but forgot to pack his uniform. Making the discovery just before the game,he had to make do with replica merchandise available for purchase at the park. He obtained an adjustable mesh hat and a blank jersey. He finished off his outfit by scrawling his number on the back in magic marker (or,by some accounts,having a fan do so for him). The Smithsonian requested the jersey and it remains a part of their collection.[22]
1986 to 1992
In 1986,Whitaker hit another 20 homers and was part of a Tigers infield in which all four members (Whitaker,Darrell Evans,Alan Trammell and Darnell Coles) hit at least 20 home runs. During the 1986 All-Star Game,he was one of the five players struck out consecutively by National League pitcher Fernando Valenzuela,tying Carl Hubbell's mark. Whitaker earlier hit a two-run homer in the game,which the American League won 3–2.[23]
In 1987,Whitaker scored a career-high 110 runs and won his final Silver Slugger award at second base as the Tigers edged out the Toronto Blue Jays on the final day of the regular season to win the AL East Division title.
Whitaker reached career highs with 28 homers and 85 RBI in 1989,one of four times he reached the 20-HR plateau,upping his record for the most homers in a season by a Tiger second baseman. Whitaker now shares the season record with Ian Kinsler,who hit 28 homers in 2016 as the Tigers regular second baseman.[24]
Although 1990 saw Whitaker post his lowest batting average in ten years (.237),he didn't let it affect his defense. On the season,Whitaker handled 664 chances and committed only 6 errors,for a career-best .991 fielding percentage. His 1990 range factor was 5.71,well above the league average of 5.23.
Whitaker takes a lead off first base during a 1991 game at Cleveland Stadium
In 1991,Whitaker's 23 home runs and career-high 90 walks helped him to an .881 OPS,the highest of his career to that point. Whitaker reached three career milestones in 1992,recording his 2,000th game,2,000th hit,and his 200th home run.[25]
Final seasons:1993 to 1995
In December 1992,after being recruited to join the Atlanta Braves,Whitaker and the Tigers agreed to a three-year,$10-million contract.[26] Whitaker finished his career with three seasons of strong offensive production. In 1993,Whitaker appeared in 119 games,110 of them at second base. He posted a .290 batting average and a career-best .412 on-base percentage and tallied 67 RBIs. In 1994,he appeared in 92 games,83 of them at second base. He compiled a .301 batting average,his first .300 season since 1983.[1]
In May 1995,on his 38th birthday,and after missing the first 14 games of the season with a sore shoulder,Whitaker announced his intention to retire at the end of the season. He said at the time:"I'm tired of being sore. . . . I'll be playing softball next year."[27] In his final season,he appeared in 84 games,including 65 games at second base and eight as a designated hitter. He compiled a .293 batting average with 14 doubles,14 home runs,and career-high .890 on-base plus slugging.[1]
Whitaker played his final game on October 1,1995,at Camden Yards in Baltimore. When Whitaker and Trammell took the field in the bottom of the first inning,the Orioles' double-play combination of Cal Ripken Jr. and Jeff Huson presented Trammell and Whitaker with bases which they held above their heads as the Baltimore crowd cheered.[28]
Whitaker and Trammell
Whitaker and Alan Trammell played beside each other at second base and shortstop for 1,918 games over 19-major league seasons,making them the longest running double play combination in major-league history. They started playing together in an instructional league between the 1976 and 1977 seasons. They made their major-league debuts together on September 9,1977. For the next 19 years,they formed the Tigers' keystone combination. They became associated with each other on and off the field. In December 1983,they made cameo appearances as themselves on the television show Magnum,P.I.,starring Tom Selleck. Selleck's character was a Tigers fan,as is Selleck himself.[29] During the 1984 World Series,Trammell described his partnership with Whitaker:
Lou is my partner. We've got more than just a relationship. Our names are linked together now. It's like a marriage. We've become a couple. When people say,'Trammell,' they say 'and Whitaker,' When they say 'Whitaker,' they say,'and Trammell.' If they ever break us up,its going to be a very weird day. It'd be like getting divorced."[30]
When Trammell was inducted in 2018 into the Baseball Hall of Fame,he said:"For 19 years,Lou Whitaker and I formed the longest running double play combination in the history of baseball. I doubt that record will ever be broken. Lou,it was an honor and a pleasure to have played alongside you for all those years,and my hope is someday you'll be up here as well."[31]
Career statistics
Whitaker was an effective leadoff man,adept at drawing walks (averaging 81 per 162 games),quick on the bases,and able to drive the ball with power to all fields. In his 19-year career,Whitaker batted .276 with a .363 on-base percentage,244 home runs,1,084 RBI,1,386 runs,2,369 hits,420 doubles,65 triples,and 143 stolen bases in 2,390 games. Defensively,he recorded a .984 fielding percentage. His career Wins Above Replacement (WAR) of 75.1 ranks 51st all-time among position players,and is higher than all but six second basemen (all six of whom are in the Hall of Fame).[32]
Whitaker is also one of only 19 players ever to hit a ball over the roof of Tiger Stadium.[33]
Whitaker appeared in 2,390 games for the Detroit Tigers,third most in franchise history behind Ty Cobb and Al Kaline.[34] He also ranks fourth in major-league history with 2,308 games played at second base.[1] He remains among the Tigers' all-time leaders in double plays (first,1,527),assists (second,6,653),bases on balls (second,1,197),runs scored (third,1,386),strikeouts (third,1,099),wins above replacement (WAR) by position players (fourth,75.1),and defensive WAR (second,16.2).[34]
Bill James,in The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract,rated Whitaker as the thirteenth-best second baseman of all time.[35] Baseball writer Craig Calcaterra wrote that Whitaker was not flashy,but caught everything hit his way,effortlessly turned double plays and made strong,steady throws that "defined great second base defense."[36]
In December 2019,the Tigers announced that they would retire Whitaker's No. 1 jersey sometime in 2020. However,the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the ceremony being postponed.[38] The retirement ceremony ultimately took place in August 2022. At the time,Whitaker said:"I truly tell you,this will be one of the greatest moments of my life. Just knowing that my number will be retired and I'll get a chance to see my name on the wall with some legends from Tiger history. What a great honor."[39] In his speech honoring Whitaker,Alan Trammell,whose number 3 was retired in 2018,stated:"For four years,I've been uncomfortable. I have been extremely honored and grateful to have my number 3 retired. But there wouldn't be a number 3 on the wall without the number 1."[40]
Whitaker was considered for election to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) in 2001 but received only 15 votes (2.9%). He was later considered by the Modern Baseball Era Committee for the 2020 induction class,but fell short of the required 75% threshold for induction,receiving six votes (37.5%) from the 16-member committee.[41] Whitaker's exclusion from the Hall (particularly him falling off the BBWAA ballot after a single year) has been widely criticized by baseball fans,citing that he meets multiple Hall of Fame standards such as him reaching 2,000 hits and playing with one team his entire career,and his 75.1 Wins Above Replacement are the most of any player in the live-ball era not already inducted barring those excluded due to a controversy .
While playing with the Tigers,Whitaker was introduced to the Jehovah's Witnesses by teammate Chet Lemon.[43] After converting to the religion,Whitaker removed the Canadian and American flags from his batting helmet.[44] After retiring from baseball,Whitaker "routinely spent at least 840 hours a year" on missionary work for the church.[2]
In April 1993,Whitaker's pregnant half-sister Judith Grey was killed by gunfire from a passing car in Bridgeport,Connecticut. Emergency workers opened her chest and squeezed the heart to maintain blood flow to the baby,which was born alive at the hospital.[45]
After retiring as a player,Whitaker became an instructor for the Tigers during their spring training sessions in Lakeland,Florida,where he helped coaching hitters through the 2009 season. He and the Tigers parted ways in 2010 by mutual agreement.[46]
Charles Leonard Gehringer, nicknamed "the Mechanical Man", was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played for the Detroit Tigers for 19 seasons from 1924 to 1942. He compiled a .320 career batting average with 2,839 hits and 1,427 runs batted in (RBIs). He had seven seasons with more than 200 hits and was the starting second baseman and played every inning of the first six All Star Games. He won the American League batting title in 1939 with a .371 average and won the American League Most Valuable Player Award. He helped lead the Tigers to three American League pennants and the 1935 World Series championship.
Norman Dalton Cash was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. A power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American League left-handed hitter when he retired, behind Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Lou Gehrig; his 373 home runs with the Tigers is tied for second in franchise history with Miguel Cabrera, behind Al Kaline (399). He also led the AL in assists three times and fielding percentage twice; he ranked among the all-time leaders in assists and double plays upon his retirement, and was fifth in AL history in games at first base (1,943). He was known to fans and teammates during his playing days as "Stormin' Norman."
Alan Stuart Trammell is an American former professional baseball shortstop, manager and coach and member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a player. His entire 20-year playing career in Major League Baseball (MLB) was with the Detroit Tigers. Trammell has served as a special assistant to the General Manager of the Detroit Tigers since the 2014 season.
Lance Michael Parrish, nicknamed "Big Wheel", is an American former baseball catcher who played Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1977 through 1995. Born in Pennsylvania, Parrish grew up in Southern California and excelled in both baseball and football. He was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in 1974, and after four years in the minor leagues, he played for the Tigers for a decade from 1977 to 1986. He later played for the Philadelphia Phillies (1987–1988), California Angels (1989–1992), Seattle Mariners (1992), Cleveland Indians (1993), Pittsburgh Pirates (1994), and Toronto Blue Jays (1995).
The 1984 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1984 season. The 81st edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Detroit Tigers and the National League (NL) champion San Diego Padres. The Tigers won the series, four games to one. This was the city of Detroit's first sports championship since the Tigers won the 1968 World Series.
Darrell Wayne Evans is an American former baseball player, coach and manager. He played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), beginning his career as a third baseman with the Atlanta Braves, alternating between first and third base with the San Francisco Giants (1976–1983), and playing much of his later career as a first baseman and then a designated hitter for the Detroit Tigers (1984–1988). He won a World Series championship with the Tigers in 1984. Evans had most of his success in the early and late stages of his career. He was a two-time All-Star, first with the Braves in 1973 and then with the Giants in 1983. He led MLB in home runs in 1985 with the Tigers, and walks in 1973 and 1974 with the Braves.
Preston Rudolph York was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout, and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher and a first baseman between 1934 and 1948, most notably as a member of the Detroit Tigers.
Mitchell Jack "Mickey" Stanley is an American former professional baseball player.
Marvin James Owen was an American baseball player, manager, coach and scout.
The 1984 Detroit Tigers won the 1984 World Series, defeating the San Diego Padres, 4 games to 1. The season was their 84th since they entered the American League in 1901.
The 1977 Detroit Tigers finished in fourth place in the American League East with a record of 74–88, 26 games behind the New York Yankees. They were outscored by their opponents 751 to 714. The Tigers drew 1,359,856 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1977, ranking 7th of the 14 teams in the American League.
The 1979 Detroit Tigers finished in fifth place in the American League East with a record of 85–76, 18 games behind the Orioles. They outscored their opponents 770 to 738. The Tigers drew 1,630,929 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1979, ranking 7th of the 14 teams in the American League. This season is most notable for both the Tigers' involvement in the infamous Disco Demolition Night, of which they were the visiting team to the Chicago White Sox and declared winners by forfeit, as well as for their mid-season hiring of Sparky Anderson as manager. Anderson would manage the Tigers through the end of the 1995 season, winning the 1984 World Series along with two American League Eastern Division titles in 1984 and 1987.
Mark Duane Wagner is a former Major League Baseball infielder. He played nine years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1976–1980), Texas Rangers (1981–1983), and Oakland Athletics (1984).
The 1981 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 81st season as a member of the American League. Games were suspended for 50 days due to the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, causing a split season. The Tigers finished the first half of the season in fourth place in the American League East, and the second half of the season tied for second place. Their overall record was 60 wins and 49 losses, and they outscored their opponents 427 to 404. The Tigers drew 1,149,144 fans to their home games at Tiger Stadium, ranking fifth of the 14 teams in the American League.
The 1991 Detroit Tigers finished in a tie for second place in the American League East with a record of 84–78 (.519). They outscored their opponents 817 to 794. The Tigers drew 1,641,661 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1991, ranking 12th of the 14 teams in the American League.
The 1980 Detroit Tigers finished in fifth place in the American League East with a record of 84–78, 19 games behind the Yankees. They outscored their opponents 830 to 757. The Tigers drew 1,785,293 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1980, ranking 7th of the 14 teams in the American League. This was Sparky Anderson's first full season as Tigers manager.
The 1978 Detroit Tigers finished in fifth place in the American League East with a record of 86–76, 13½ games behind the Yankees. They outscored their opponents 714 to 653.
The 1983 Detroit Tigers finished in second place in the American League East with a record of 92–70 (.568), six games behind the Orioles. The Tigers outscored their opponents 789 to 679. The Tigers drew 1,829,636 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1983, ranking 8th of the 14 teams in the American League.
The Tigers entered the season as the reigning World Series champions. The 1985 Detroit Tigers finished in third place in the American League East with a record of 84–77 (.522), 15 games behind the Blue Jays. The Tigers outscored their opponents 729 to 688. The Tigers drew 2,286,609 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1983, ranking 3rd of the 14 teams in the American League.
The Detroit Tigers' 1989 season was a season in American baseball. The Tigers finished 59–103 and in last place in the American League East. It was the team's first losing season since 1977, the worst record in the Major Leagues, as well as the franchise's second-worst season ever in terms of both losses (103) and win percentage (.364). It was also the franchise's worst full 162-game season.
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