Frederic Leighton sahifasining manbasini koʻrish


{{Rassom|name=The Lord Leighton|image=1880 Frederic Leighton - Self portrait.jpg|caption=Frederic Leighton, ''Avtoportret'', 1880|birthname=Frederic Leighton|birthdate={{tugʻilgan sanasi|df=yes|1830|12|3}}|deathdate={{vafot sanasi va yoshi|df=yes|1896|1|25|1830|12|3}}|deathplace=[[Kensington]], [[London]], [[Angliya]]|movement=[[Academic art|Academicism]], [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] and British [[Aestheticism]]|awards={{ubl|[[Prix de Rome]] | ''[[Légion d'honneur]]''}}|field=Rassomchilik|training={{ubl|[[Eduard von Steinle]] | [[Giovanni Costa (painter, born 1826)|Giovanni Costa]]}}}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Frederic Leighton, Baron Leighton I''', (1830-yil 3-dekabr - 1896-yil 25-yanvar), 1878—1896-yillarda '''ser Frederic Leighton''' nomi bilan tanilgan, britaniyalik rassom, chizmachi va haykaltarosh edi. Uning asarlarida tarixiy, [[Injil]] va [[Antik davr|klassik]] mavzular [[Akademizm|akademik uslubda]] tasvirlangan. Uning rasmlari hayoti davomida juda mashhur va qimmat boʻlgan, ammo 20-asr boshlarida oʻn yillar davomida tanqidchilar eʼtiboridan chetda qolgan.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Peerage Records|muallif=Leigh Rayment|ish=Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page|sana=1-sentabr 2015-yil|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/reppeers/peerrecords.htm|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323174138/http://www.leighrayment.com/reppeers/peerrecords.htm|arxivsana=23 March 2016}}</ref>

== Hayoti va ijodi ==
[[Fayl:Flaming_June,_by_Frederic_Lord_Leighton_(1830-1896).jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ''Olovli iyun'' (1895; Arte de Ponce muzeyi ).]]
[[Fayl:Lord_Leighton,_Frederic,_After_Vespers,_1871.jpg|thumb|368x368px| ''Vespersdan keyin'' (1871; Prinston universiteti san'at muzeyi )]]
Leyton Skarboroda Avgusta Syuzan va shifokor Frederik Septimus Leyton (1799—1892) oilasida tugʻilgan. Leytonning bobosi ser Jeyms Bonifeys Leyton (1769—1843) ikki rus podshosi - [[Aleksandr I]] va [[Nikolay I]] va ularning oilalarining shaxsiy shifokori boʻlgan va ular xizmatida boʻlganida boylik va martaba orttirgan.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.artrenewal.org/Article/Title/biography-of-lord-frederick-leighton|sarlavha=Biography of Lord Frederick Leighton|nashriyot=ARC|qaralgan sana=4-oktabr 2022-yil}}</ref> Leytonning karyerasi har doim bu oilaviy boylik bilan taʼminlangan, otasi unga hayoti davomida moddiy koʻmak berib turgan.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/museums/frederic-leighton|sarlavha=Frederic Leighton|nashriyot=RBKC|qaralgan sana=4-oktabr 2022-yil}}</ref> Uning ikkita singlisi bor edi, ulardan biri Robert Brauningning tarjimaiholini yozgan Aleksandra edi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35332|sarlavha=Orr [née Leighton], Alexandra|nashriyot=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|qaralgan sana=30-aprel 2017-yil}}</ref> U Londondagi Universitet kolleji maktabida tahsil olgan. Keyin u Yevropa qitʼasida birinchi navbatda Eduard fon Shtaynldan, keyin esa Jovanni Kostadan badiiy taʼlim oldi. 17 yoshida, 1847-yilning yozida u Frankfurtda faylasuf [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Artur Shopengauer]] bilan uchrashdi va uning portretini qogʻozga grafit va guashda chizdi - Shopengauerning hayotdan maʼlum boʻlgan yagona toʻliq metrajli tadqiqoti.<ref>Crowther, Paul, and Miruna Cuzman. "A Rediscovered Contemporary Full-Length Sketch-Portrait of Schopenhauer by Frederic, Lord Leighton." Schopenhauer Jahrbuch, 92 Band, Konigshausen und Neumann, 2011: 301–306.</ref> 24 yoshida u [[Florensiya|Florensiyada]] edi; u Accademia di Belle Arti da tahsil olgan va Borgo Allegri orqali Cimabue Madonnaning kortejini chizgan. 1855-yildan 1859-yilgacha u Parijda yashab, u yerda [[Dominique Ingres|Ingres]], [[Delakrua Ferdinand Viktor Ejen|Delakrua]], [[Koro Kamil|Korot]] va Millet bilan uchrashdi.

Sayohat bolalikdan Leyton hayotida muhim o'rin egallagan edi. Oʻsmirlik yoshida u oilasi bilan Germaniyaning Frankfurt shahrida yashagan va Yevropaning koʻplab yirik shaharlariga, jumladan Florensiya va Rimga tashrif buyurgan. Yigirma yoshining oxiriga kelib, uzoq vaqt Rimda, keyin Parijda yashagan va Leyton Yevropadan tashqariga birinchi sayohatini 1857-yilda Shimoliy Afrikaga qilgan. Londonga joylashib boʻlgach, u oʻlimidan biroz oldin har yili keng qamrovli sayohatlarni davom ettirdi. Leyton umri davomida Avstriya, Jazoir, Misr, Fransiya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Irlandiya, Italiya, Livan, Marokash, Niderlandiya, Shotlandiya, Ispaniya, Shveysariya, Suriya va Turkiya kabi davlatlarga tashrif buyurgan.

1860-yilda u Londonga koʻchib oʻtdi va u yerda [[Prerafaelitlar|Pre-Rafaelitlar]] bilan aloqada boʻldi. U 1861-yilda Florensiyadagi ingliz qabristonida Robert Brauning uchun Elizabeth Barrett Brauning qabrini loyihalashtirdi. 1864-yilda u Qirollik akademiyasining aʼzosi, 1878-yilda esa uning prezidenti (1878—96) boʻldi. Uning 1877-yilgi haykali ''"Python bilan sportchi kurashi"'' oʻz vaqtida yangi haykal deb ataladigan zamonaviy Britaniya haykaltaroshligida uygʻonish davrini ochish uchun koʻrib chiqildi. 

U poytaxtning asosiy binolari va jamoat sanʼatini hujjatlashtirgan London tadqiqotini topshirgan qoʻmitaning birinchi prezidenti edi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Members of the Survey Committee Pages 4-7 Survey of London Monograph 12|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/bk12/pp4-7|ish=British History Online|nashriyot=Guild & School of Handicraft, London, 1926|qaralgan sana=30-dekabr 2022-yil}}</ref>

Leyton 1878-yilda Vindzorda ritsar unvoniga sazovor boʻldi  va sakkiz yildan soʻng Midlseks okrugidagi Kensington, Sent-Meri Abbots cherkovida Holland Park Roadning baroneti boʻldi.  U 1896-yilgi Yangi yil bayramida tengdoshlik unvonini olgan birinchi rassom edi. Uni Shropshire okrugidagi Strettonlik '''Baron Leyton''' yaratgan patent 1896-yil 24-yanvarda berilgan;  Leyton ertasi kuni [[Stenokardiya|angina pektorisidan]] vafot etdi.
[[Fayl:Frederic_Leighton_-_Cimabue's_Madonna_Carried_in_Procession_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg|thumb|237x237px| ''Cimabue tomonidan nishonlangan Madonna Florensiya ko'chalari bo'ylab yurishda olib borilmoqda'', 1853-1855]]
[[Fayl:1876_Frederic_Leighton_-_Daphnephoria.jpg|thumb|237x237px| ''Dafneforiya'', tuvalga moyli rasm, 1874–1876, Lady Lever san'at galereyasi]]
Uning oʻlimidan soʻng, uning [[Baron|baronligi]] bor-yoʻgʻi bir kun boʻlganidan keyin oʻchirildi; Bu Peeragedagi rekorddir. Uning Londondagi Gollandiya bogʻidagi uyi muzeyga, Leyton uy muzeyiga aylantirildi. Unda uning koʻplab rasmlari va rasmlari, shuningdek, sobiq ustalar va uning zamondoshlari asarlari, jumladan ser Jon Everett Millaisning Leytonga bagʻishlangan rasmi kabi sobiq sanʼat toʻplamining baʼzilari mavjud. Uyda, shuningdek, Leytonning koʻplab ilhomlari, jumladan, uning Iznik koshinlari toʻplami mavjud. Uning markazida ajoyib Arab zali joylashgan. Hall ''Cornucopia'' jurnalining oʻninchi sonida tasvirlangan.<ref>[http://www.cornucopia.net/highlights10full.html ''Cornucopia'' 10, Ingres and Lady Mary Montagu, Leighton House, yurts, the Lycians plus elegant eggplant]. Cornucopia.net. Retrieved on 20 February 2011.</ref> Leyton uy-muzeyidagi koʻk plaket Leyton xotirasiga bagʻishlangan.<ref name="EngHet">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/leighton-frederick-lord-leighton-1830-1896|sarlavha=LEIGHTON, FREDERICK, LORD LEIGHTON (1830–1896)|nashriyot=English Heritage|qaralgan sana=1-iyul 2012-yil}}</ref>

== Rassomlar quroli ==
[[Fayl:Frederic_Leighton,_Baron_Leighton_by_George_Frederic_Watts.jpg|thumb|312x312px| ''Ser Frederik Leyton'', Jorj Frederik Uotts (1881)]]
[[Fayl:Sir_Frederick_Leighton.jpg|thumb|348x348px| Ser Frederik Leyton, keyingi faoliyatida.]]
Leyton gʻayratli koʻngilli askar boʻlib, 1860-yil 5-oktyabrda 38-Midlseks (Rassomlar) qurolli koʻngillilar korpusiga (keyinchalik rassomlar miltiqlari deb nomlanadi) qoʻshilish uchun birinchi guruhga kirgan.

Uning yetakchilik fazilatlari darhol aniqlandi va u bir necha oy ichida kompaniya qoʻmondonligiga koʻtarildi. 1869-yil 6-yanvarda kapitan Leyton korpusning umumiy yigʻilishida Rassom miltiqlariga qoʻmondonlik qilib saylandi. Xuddi shu yili unga mayor, 1875-yilda podpolkovnik unvoni berilgan. Leyton 1883-yilda qoʻmondonlik lavozimidan isteʼfoga chiqdi. Rassom Jeyms Uistler oʻsha paytda Rassom miltiqlarining qoʻmondoni ser Frederik Leytonni shunday taʼriflagan: "Qirollik akademiyasi polkovnigi va Rassom miltiqlari prezidenti - ha, u biroz chizadi!" Uning dafn marosimida, 1896-yil 3-fevralda, uning tobuti Avliyo Pol soboriga<ref>"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" [[William Sinclair (Archdeacon of London)|Sinclair, W.]] p. 469: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.</ref>, Artists Miltiqlar tomonidan tuzilgan faxriy qorovul safidan oʻtib olib borildi.<ref>Barry Gregory. ''A History of The Artists Rifles 1859–1947''. Pen & Sword. 2006.</ref>

== Mukofotlar ==

* 1864: Qirollik akademiyasining xodimi
* 1868: Qirollik akademiyasi [[Akademik|akademigi]]
* 1878: Qirollik akademiyasining prezidenti
* 1878 yil: [[Faxriy legion ordeni|Legion d'honneur]] ofitser
* 1878: Ritsar bakalavr
* 1886 yil: Birlashgan Qirollik Baronetajida baronet yaratildi
* 1889 yil: [[Fransiya instituti|Fransiya institutining]] dotsent aʼzosi
* 1896 yil: Birlashgan Qirollik Peerageda baron tuzildi

== Tanlangan asarlar ==

* ''Brunelleschining oʻlimi'' (1852), tuvalga moyli
* ''Baliqchi va sirena'', c.&nbsp;1856–58 (66,3 × 48,7)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Cimabue tomonidan nishonlangan Madonna Florensiya koʻchalari boʻylab yurish paytida olib ketilmoqda'' (1853–55),<ref>[http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa/wa/work?workNumber=L275 Frederic, Lord Leighton | Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna | L275 | The National Gallery, London]. Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved on 20 February 2011.</ref> tuvalga moyli.
* ''Aftidan jonsiz Julietning kashfiyoti'' (taxminan 1858 yil)<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=8581&searchid=6933&tabview=image Tate Collection | Study for 'The Discovery of Juliet Apparently Lifeless']. Tate.org.uk. Retrieved on 20 February 2011.</ref>
* ''Villa Malta, Rim'' (1860-yillar),<ref>[http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa/wa/work?workNumber=L851 Frederic, Lord Leighton | The Villa Malta, Rome | L851 | The National Gallery, London]. Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved on 20 February 2011.</ref> tuvalga moy
* ''Rassomning asal oyi'', c.&nbsp;1864 (83,8 × 77,5)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Ona va bola'', c.&nbsp;1865, (48,2 × 82&nbsp;sm)
* ''Aktaea, qirgʻoq nimfasi'' (1868),  tuvalga moy, (57,2 × 102,2)&nbsp;sm) Kanada Milliy galereyasi, Ottava.
* ''Daedalus va Icarus'', c.&nbsp;1869, (138,2 × 106,5&nbsp;sm)
* ''Gerkules Alkestisning tanasi uchun oʻlim bilan kurashmoqda'' (1869–71) (132,4 × 265,4)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Vespers 1871 dan keyin'', (111,5 × 71,5&nbsp;sm), Prinston universiteti sanʼat muzeyi
* ''Dengiz boʻyidagi toshlarni terayotgan yunon qizlari'', 1871 (84 × 129,5)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Teresina'' (mil.&nbsp;1874) Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu, [[Kraystcherch|Kristcherch]], Yangi Zelandiya
* ''Musiqa darsi'', c.&nbsp;1877, (92,8 × 118,1&nbsp;sm)
* ''Piton bilan kurashayotgan sportchi'' (1877),<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=8579&searchid=6933&tabview=image Tate Collection | ''An Athlete Wrestling with a Python'' by Frederic, Lord Leighton]. Tate.org.uk. Retrieved on 20 February 2011.</ref> bronza haykal
* ''Nausicaa'', c.&nbsp;1878 (145 × 67&nbsp;sm)
* ''Skeinni oʻrash'', c.&nbsp;1878, (100,3 × 161,3&nbsp;sm)
* ''Haramning nuri'', c.&nbsp;1880, (152,4 × 83,8&nbsp;sm)
* ''Idil'', c.&nbsp;1880–81
* ''Nikoh'', (mil.&nbsp;1881–1882) (145,4 × 81&nbsp;sm)
* ''Cymon va Iphigenia'' (1884) Yangi Janubiy Uels sanʼat galereyasi
* ''Asirga olingan Andromache'', c.&nbsp;1888 (197 × 406,5)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Psixika hammomi'', (mil.&nbsp;1889–90) (189,2 × 62,2&nbsp;sm) Teyt galereyasi
* ''Hesperidlar bogʻi'', c.&nbsp;1892, (169 × 169&nbsp;sm), Lady Lever sanʼat galereyasi
* ''Olovli iyun'' (1895), tuvalga moy, Arte de Ponce muzeyi, Puerto-Riko (120,6 × 120,6)&nbsp;sm)
* ''Dono va ahmoq bokira qizlar haqidagi masal (fresk)'' 
* ''Qoʻltiq''
* ''Fibi'' (55,88 × 60,96&nbsp;sm)
* ''Hammomchi''
* Leyton freskalari, ''urushga qoʻllaniladigan sanoat sanʼati'' va ''tinchlik uchun qoʻllaniladigan sanoat sanʼati''
* ''Finikiyaliklar Kornuoll sohilida ilk britaniyaliklar bilan savdo qilishdi'', 1895 yil. London Qirollik birjasida devoriy surat
* ''Persephonening qaytishi'' 1891, tuvalga moyli, Lids sanʼat galereyasi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.leedsartgallery.co.uk/gallery/listings/l0033.php|sarlavha=Leeds Art Gallery, listings|qaralgan sana=28-sentabr 2016-yil|arxivsana=30-noyabr 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130085849/http://www.leedsartgallery.co.uk/gallery/listings/l0033.php}}</ref>

== Galereya ==
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="220">
Fayl:Lord Frederick Leighton FLL006.jpg|''[[Icarus|Ikar]] va [[Daedalus]]'', 1869 yil
Fayl:Frederic Leighton - The Garden of the Hesperides.jpg|''[[Hesperides|Hesperidlar]] bog'i'', tuvalga moyli rasm, 1892, [[Lady Lever Art Gallery|Lady Lever san'at galereyasi]]
Fayl:Frederic Lord Leighton-The Sluggard-Victoria and Albert Museum.jpg|''"Tanqov"'', 1885 yil
Fayl:An athlete wrestling with a python, white marble sculpture by Frederic, Lord Leighton, 1888-1891, private collection.jpg|''[[Athlete wrestling with a Python|Sportchining piton bilan kurashi]]'', oq marmar haykal, 1888–1891 (Shaxsiy kolleksiya: [[Art Gallery of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels san'at galereyasiga]] qarzga)
Fayl:Leightonhero.jpg|''[[Hero and Leander|Qahramonning]] oxirgi soati'', 1880 yil
Fayl:Frederic, Lord Leighton - Perseus and Andromeda - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Perseus and Andromeda (Leighton)|''Perseus va Andromeda'']], 1891, [[Walker Art Gallery|Uoker san'at galereyasi]], Liverpul.
Fayl:Leighton Moses views the Promised Land.jpg|''[[Moses|Muso]] va'da qilingan yurtni ko'radi''
Fayl:Leighton The Painter-s Honeymoon 1864.jpg|''[[The Painter's Honeymoon|Rassomning asal oyi]]'', 1864 yil
Fayl:Frederick Leighton - Memories.jpg|''Xotiralar'', 1883 yil
Fayl:1890s Frederick Leighton - Bath of Psyche.jpg|''Psixika hammomi'', 1879 yil
</gallery>

== Yana qarang ==

* ''Romola'' - Jorj Eliotning 1863-yildagi romani, Leyton uchun illyustratsiyalar yaratgan

== Havolalar ==

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Leighton, Frederick Leighton, Baron|volume=16|pages=396–398|first=William Cosmo|last=Monkhouse|authorlink=William Cosmo Monkhouse}}

== Havolalar ==
{| class="infobox" style="width: 238px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Tashqi video
|-
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|link=|alt=video icon|16x16px]]</img> [http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/leightons-an-athlete-wrestling-with-a-python.html Leytonning ''Python bilan kurashayotgan sportchi''] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006183439/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/leightons-an-athlete-wrestling-with-a-python.html |date=2014-10-06 }}, [[Smarthistory]]
|}

* [http://www.frederic-leighton.org Frederic-Leighton.org] — Frederik Leytonning 114 ta asari
* [http://www.artrenewal.org/pages/artist.php?artistid=14 Frederik Lord Leyton tomonidan yosh rassomlarga maslahat] - yuqori aniqlikdagi tasvirlar
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060617220548/http://www.lordfredericleighton.co.uk/ Skarboro, Lord Frederik Leytonning tug'ilgan joyi]
* [http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/subsites/museums/leightonhousemuseum.aspx Leyton uy muzeyi]
* ''[[Tayms|The Times'dan]]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20031019204716/http://www.victorianartinbritain.co.uk/obituary/leighton.htm nekroloq]
* [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=437 Leighton galereyasi]   Archived MuseumSyndicate da
* 171 artworks by or after Frederic Leighton Art  
* [https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/14186 Ser Frederik Leyton portreti,] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727180939/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/14186 |date=2022-07-27 }} Michigan universiteti sanʼat muzeyida Alfons Legros tomonidan PRA
{{Start box}}
{{s-culture}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Grant (artist)|Sir Francis Grant]]}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Royal Academy#Presidents (P.R.A.)|President of the Royal Academy]]
| years = 1878–1896
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Everett Millais|Sir John Everett Millais, Bt]]}}
{{S-reg|uk}}
{{S-new|Creation}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Baron Leighton]]
| years = 1896
}}
{{s-non
| reason = Extinct
}}
{{S-reg|uk-bt}}
{{S-new|Creation}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Baronet]]<br />'''(of St Mary Abbots)'''
| years = 24–25 January 1896
}}
{{s-non
| reason = Extinct
}}
{{S-end}}
[[Turkum:1896-yilda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:1830-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Rassomlar]]