Chaldiron jangi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Urush bilgiqutisi
|nomi=Chaldiron jangi
|qismi=[[Usmonli—Safaviy urushlari]]
|tasvir=[[File:A painting in Chehel Sotoun1.jpg|center|300px|Chehel Sotoundagi rasm]]
|sana=23-avgust 1514-yil
|yer=[[Chaldiron]], [[Janubiy Ozarbayjon]]
|sabab=
|natija=[[Usmonli imperiyasi]] gʻalabasi<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tucker |editor1-first=Spencer C. |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |date=2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1851096725 |page=483}}</ref>
|oʻzgarishlar= Usmonlilar sharqiy [[Onadoʻli]] va shimoliy Iroqni Safaviylardan tortib oldi.
|raqib1={{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman.svg}} [[Usmonli imperiyasi]]
|raqib2={{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Safaviylar davlati]]
|raqib3=
|qomondon1={{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman.svg}} [[Salim I Yovuz|Sulton Salim I]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman.svg}} [[Hasan Posho (Usmonli qoʻmondoni)|Hasan Posho]]{{KIA}}{{sfn|Savory|2007|page=42}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Ottoman.svg}} [[Hadım Sinan Posho]]
|qomondon2={{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Ismoil Safaviy|Shoh Ismoil I]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Abdulboqiy Yazdiy]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Husayn Bek Shamlu]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Saru Pira Ustajlu]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Durmish Xob Shamlu]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Nur-Ali Xalifa]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Muhammad Xon Ustajlu]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Sayyid Sharifiddin Ali Sheroziy]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia (1502-1524).svg}} [[Sayid Sadriddin]]
|qomondon3=
|harbiy_birlik1=
|harbiy_birlik2=
|harbiy_birlik3=
|kuch1=60,000<ref name=Keegan>Keegan & Wheatcroft, ''Whoʻs Who in Military History'', Routledge, 1996. p. 268 „In 1515 Selim marched east with some 60,000 men; a proportion of these were skilled Janissaries, certainly the best infantry in Asia, and the sipahis, equally well-trained and disciplined cavalry. […] The Persian army, under Shah Ismail, was almost entirely composed of Turcoman tribal levies, a courageous but ill-disciplined cavalry army. Slightly inferior in numbers to the Turks, their charges broke against the Janissaries, who had taken up fixed positions behind rudimentary field works.“</ref><br />yoki 100,000<ref name="Ottoman Empire page 286">'''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire''', ed. Gábor Ágoston,Bruce Alan Masters, page 286, 2009</ref>{{sfn|McCaffrey|1990|pages=656–658}}<br /> 100-150 toʻp<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ágoston |first=Gábor |title=Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800 |journal=Journal of World History |volume=25 |date=2014 |pages=110|doi=10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 |s2cid=143042353 }}</ref> yoki 200 toʻp va 100 oʻqotar qurollar{{sfn|Savory|2007|page=42}}
|kuch2=40,000<ref name=Savory>Roger M. Savory, ''Iran under the Safavids'', Cambridge, 1980, p. 41</ref>{{sfn|McCaffrey|1990|pages=656–658}}<br />yoki 55,000<ref>Keegan & Wheatcroft, ''Whoʻs Who in Military History'', Routledge, 1996. p. 268</ref><br />yoki 80,000<ref name="Ottoman Empire page 286"/>
|kuch3=
|yoqotishlar1=Ogʻir yoʻqotishlar
|yoqotishlar2=Ogʻir yoʻqotishlar
|yoqotishlar3=
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'''Chaldiron jangi''' ({{Lang-tr|Çaldıran Savaşı}}; [[1514-yil]] [[23-avgust]]) — [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonlilarning]] [[Safaviylar davlati|Safaviylar]] ustidan qozongan hal qiluvchi gʻalabasi bilan yakunlangan jang<ref>Ira M. Lapidus. </ref><ref>Mustafa Çetin Varlık (1988—2016). „ÇALDIRAN SAVAŞI Yavuz Sultan Selim ile Safevî Hükümdarı Şah İsmâil arasında Çaldıran ovasında 23 Ağustos 1514’te yapılan meydan savaşı“. ''TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.)'' (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.</ref>. Jang natijasida Usmonlilar Sharqiy [[Onadoʻli]] va Shimoliy [[Iroq]] hududlarini Safaviylardan tortib olishgan. Gʻalaba Sharqiy Onadoʻliga ([[Gʻarbiy Armaniston]]) dastlabki Usmonlilar bosqinining boshlanishi boʻlgan. Shuningdek, ushbu jang natijasida Safaviylarning gʻarbga tomon bosqini toʻxtatilgan{{Sfn|Mikaberidze|2015}}. Chaldiron jangi 41 yillik halokatli urushning boshlanishi edi. U [[1555-yil]]da [[Amasiya shartnomasi]] bilan yakunlangan. [[Mesopotamiya]] va Sharqiy Onadoʻli (Gʻarbiy Armaniston) [[Abbos I|Shoh Abbos I]] ([[1588]]—[[1629]]) davrida Safaviylar tomonidan qayta bosib olingan boʻlsada, [[1639-yil]]gi [[Zuhob sulhi]]ga koʻra, Usmonlilar qoʻliga butunlay oʻtgan<ref>Leslie P. Peirce, ''The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire'', (Oxford University Press, 1993), 37.</ref>.

Usmonlilar jang maydonida 60000—100000 kishilik yaxshi qurollangan armiya hamda koʻplab ogʻir artilleriya qurollariga ega boʻlsa, Safaviylar qoʻshini 40000—80000 kishini tashkil etgan va shu bilan birga ularning ixtiyorida ogʻir artilleriya boʻlmagan. Safaviylar hukmdori [[Shoh Ismoil Safaviy|Ismoil I]] jangda yaralanib, asirga tushishiga sal qolgan. Uning zavjalari Usmonli hukmdori [[Salim I Yovuz|Salim I]] tomonidan asirga olingan<ref>''The Cambridge History of Iran'', ed. </ref>. Bir nafari Salimning davlat arboblaridan biriga xotinlikka berilgan<ref>Leslie P. Peirce, ''The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire'', (Oxford University Press, 1993), 37.</ref>. Ismoil bu magʻlubiyatdan keyin hukumat boshqaruvini<ref>[[Moojan Momen]], ''An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism'', (Yale University Press, 1985), 107.</ref> tark etadi va boshqa hech qachon harbiy yurishlarda qatnashmadi{{Sfn|Mikaberidze|2015}}. Gʻalabadan soʻng Usmonlilar Safaviylarga qarshi harbiy yurish maydonini kengaytirgan. Safaviylar poytaxti [[Tabriz]]ni qisqa muddat bosib olishgan. Davlat xazinasini butunlay talon-toroj qilishgan<ref>Leslie P. Peirce, ''The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire'', (Oxford University Press, 1993), 37.</ref><ref>Aktürk, Ahmet Serdar (2018). „Family, Empire, and Nation: Kurdish Bedirkhanis and the Politics of Origins in a Changing Era“. ''Journal of Global South Studies''. '''35''' (2): 393. doi:10.1353/gss.2018.0032. ISSN 2476-1419. S2CID 158487762.</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
Ilgari Sulton Salim I bir necha bor Safaviylarga qarshi kurashgan. [[1505-yil]]da Shoh Ismoilning akasi boshchiligidagi Safaviylar qoʻshinini magʻlub etib, mamlakat hududidan quvib chiqargan, koʻplarini qirgʻin qilgan<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=x6XHDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT165&pg=PT164#v=onepage&q&f=true God’s Shadow: The Ottoman Sultan Who Shaped the Modern World]. </ref><ref>Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 483. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1851096725</nowiki>.</ref>. [[1507-yil]]da [[Arzinjon jangi]]da Shoh Ismoil Usmonlilar yerlari boʻylab Dulqodiriylarga hujum boshlagandan soʻng,Sulton Salim Arzinjonga yurish qilib, Shoh Ismoil tomonidan unga qarshi yuborilgan Safaviylar qoʻshinini magʻlub etdi<ref name="Princeton">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kXALEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe]. </ref><ref>Matthee, Rudolph (Rudi). „Safavid Persia:The History and Politics of an Islamic Empire“. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref>. U [[1510-yil]] Trabzon yurishida Safaviylarga qarshi yana bir bor kurash olib borib, Shoh Ismoilning akasi ustidan gʻalaba qozonadi<ref name="Finkel">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hslOx5bvOzkC&lpg=PT144&pg=PT145#v=onepage&q&f=true Osmanʼs Dream]. </ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587-1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.
* Floor, Willem (2001). Safavid Government Institutions. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. ISBN 978-1568591353.
* McCaffrey, Michael J. (1990). „ČĀLDERĀN“. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 6. pp. 656-658.
* Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442241466.
* Savory, Roger (2007). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521042512.
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