Zaqatala

Zaqatala
Zaqatala; Закатала / Чlaр; Гал
	Shahar
	41°38′1″N 46°38′36″E / 41.63361°N 46.64333°E
Mamlakat	Ozarbayjon
Tuman	Zaqatala
Hukumat
Markazi balandligi	518 m
Rasmiy til(lar)i	ozarbayjon tili
Aholisi (2020)	32,171
Vaqt mintaqasi	UTC+4:00
	Zaqatala

Zaqatala (ozarbayjoncha: Zaqatala, avar Закатала / Чӏар, Saxur: Гал), Zakatali — Ozarbayjon Respublikasidagi shahar (1840-yildan). Zaqatala tumani markazi. Katta Kavkaz etaklarida joylashgan. Temir yoʻl stansiyasi. Yevlax — Sheki — Tbilisi shosse yoʻli yonida, Yevlax temir yoʻl tugunidan 152 km shimoli-gʻarbda. Aholisi 20 ming kishidan ziyod (1990-yillar oʻrtalari). Oziq-ovqat (meva-sabzavot konserva, tamaki, choy qadoqlash va boshqalar) sanoati korxonalari, mebel fabrikasi, tarix oʻlkashunoslik muzeyi bor. Turizm rivojlangan. Zakataliga 1830-yil Yangi Zakatali sifatida asos solingan^[2]

Tarixi

Zamonaviy Zaqatala hududi bir vaqtlar Kavkaz Albaniyasining viloyati boʻlgan. Shundan soʻng, mintaqa Gruziya madaniy va siyosiy taʼsiri ostidagi alohida qirollikka aylangan. Oʻrta asrlarda keyinchalik Saingilo nomi bilan mashhur boʻlgan joy asosan Gruziya va Shirvon qirolligi tomonidan nazorat qilingan.

Oʻrta asrlarda Saingiloda yettita gruzin maktabi faoliyat yuritgan, ularda ilohiyot, falsafa, orfografiya, cherkov tarixi, Gruziya tarixi va talabalar uchun kurslar mavjud edi. Bu maktablar muhim madaniy-maʼrifiy rol oʻynagan. Ular Kavkaz xalqlari oʻrtasida madaniy aloqalar oʻrnatishga katta hissa qoʻshgan.

Zaqatalada bir qancha tarixiy ahamiyatga ega joylar mavjud boʻlib, ularning aksariyati 19-asr shahar markazida joylashgan. Ilgari Lenin maydoni deb ataladigan bosh maydonda 700 yoshli bir juft chinor bor.

Shaharning eng koʻzga koʻringan xususiyati 1830-yillarda Kavkaz urushi paytida rus qoʻshinlari tomonidan bosib olingan shaharni isyonchilardan himoya qilish uchun qurilgan vayron boʻlgan qalʼadir^[3]. 1850-yillarda bu shaharda ruslar va Dogʻiston rahbari Imom Shamil oʻrtasidagi janglar boʻlgan^[4]. U 1893—1905-yillarda Tiflis gubernatorligining Zakatal okrugi markazi boʻlgan. Ozarbayjon Demokratik Respublikasiga, keyinroq Ozarbayjon SSRga oʻtishdan oldin 1918-yilda qisqa muddat Kavkazorti Demokratik Federativ Respublikasi tarkibiga kirgan^[5]^[6]^[7]. 20-asrda shahar va uning qal’asi 1905-yildagi muvaffaqiyatsiz inqilobdagi harakatlari yakuniy 1917-yilgi inqilobning boshlanishi boʻlgan Potemkin jangovar kemasining qoʻzgʻolonchilar ekipaji uchun qamoqxonalardan biri sifatida foydalanilganda yanada mashhur boʻldi. 1980-yillarning oxirida esa qal’a qarovsiz va nihoyatda vayrona ahvolda edi va uning hududi yozda chorva uchun yaylov sifatida foydalanilgan^[3]. Sovet davrida oʻrnatilgan qoʻzgʻolonchilardan birining haykali hali ham qal’adan uncha uzoq boʻlmagan Haydar Aliyev bogʻini bezab turibdi^[8]. Hozirda qal’ada harbiy garnizoni, shuningdek, sovet uslubidagi bir nechta turar-joy binolari mavjud. Qoʻrgʻonlarning shimoliy qismi yaqinida va bosh maydon tashqarisida goʻzal, ammo tashlandiq cherkov joylashgan^[9]. Shaharda hozirda katta yangi masjid qurilgan^[10].

Galereya

Zaqataladagi bogʻ
Zaqatala qalʼasi
Zagataladagi tashlandiq cherkov

Manbalar

↑ „Əhalisi - ZAQATALA RAYON Icra Hakimiyyəti“. zaqatala-ih.gov.az.
↑ "Zaqatala" OʻzME. Z-harfi^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Huseynova, Leila. Development and Preservation of Architectural and Artistic Originality of Azerbaijan's Cities. Ministry of National Education Azerbaijan SSR, 1990 — 52-bet.
↑ Elliott, Mark. "Azerbaijan with excursions to Georgia", 4th, 2010 — 237-bet.
↑ Daushvili, Aleko (2012-01-01). The Democratic Republic of Georgia: Struggle for Independence 1918-1921. pp. 41. https://www.academia.edu/39848669. "By autumn of 1918 the Zakatala district was officially a part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Having the support of Turkey and the convenience of a shared Islamic religion, the Azerbaijani state heavily enforced anti-Georgian propaganda in the region. With the help of local mullahs, the Muslim-Georgian population easily came under Azerbaijani influence, which in turn created the illusion that Zakatala was fully incorporated into Azerbaijan."
↑ Javakhishvili, Ivane. CAUCASIOLOGIC PAPERS. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University, 2011 — 235-bet. „Simultaneously, Georgia and Azerbaijan have tried to include Zakatala District ... Georgia's attempts were unsuccessful, because the Georgians were less than 20% of the population of the district, and the stake was only on them. Azerbaijan … [was] more successful in their attempts, because the idea appealed to Islamic unity.“
↑ Yilmaz, Harun (2009-06-01). "An Unexpected Peace: Azerbaijani–Georgian Relations, 1918–20". Revolutionary Russia 22 (1): 37–67. doi:10.1080/09546540902900288. ISSN 0954-6545. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546540902900288. "There were sizeable Muslim populations in Kutaisi and Tbilisi provinces, which remained in Georgia, and a minority of Christians in Zakatala okrug, in Azerbaijan."
↑ Nicas, Peter „Azerbaijan Things to See & Do Guide“. ProfessionalTravelGuide.com. Qaraldi: 2008-yil 17-iyun. ^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}
↑ Torres Curado, L.M. „Zaqatala (Zakataly)“. Azerb.com. 2021-yil 1-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2008-yil 3-yanvar.
↑ Elliott, Mark. "Azerbaijan with excursions to Georgia", 4th, 2010 — 234-bet.

Ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.
Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak.

[1] „Əhalisi - ZAQATALA RAYON Icra Hakimiyyəti“. zaqatala-ih.gov.az.

[2] "Zaqatala" OʻzME. Z-harfi^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil

[kala-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Huseynova, Leila. Development and Preservation of Architectural and Artistic Originality of Azerbaijan's Cities. Ministry of National Education Azerbaijan SSR, 1990 — 52-bet.

[4] Elliott, Mark. "Azerbaijan with excursions to Georgia", 4th, 2010 — 237-bet.

[5] Daushvili, Aleko (2012-01-01). The Democratic Republic of Georgia: Struggle for Independence 1918-1921. pp. 41. https://www.academia.edu/39848669. "By autumn of 1918 the Zakatala district was officially a part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Having the support of Turkey and the convenience of a shared Islamic religion, the Azerbaijani state heavily enforced anti-Georgian propaganda in the region. With the help of local mullahs, the Muslim-Georgian population easily came under Azerbaijani influence, which in turn created the illusion that Zakatala was fully incorporated into Azerbaijan."

[6] Javakhishvili, Ivane. CAUCASIOLOGIC PAPERS. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University, 2011 — 235-bet. „Simultaneously, Georgia and Azerbaijan have tried to include Zakatala District ... Georgia's attempts were unsuccessful, because the Georgians were less than 20% of the population of the district, and the stake was only on them. Azerbaijan … [was] more successful in their attempts, because the idea appealed to Islamic unity.“

[7] Yilmaz, Harun (2009-06-01). "An Unexpected Peace: Azerbaijani–Georgian Relations, 1918–20". Revolutionary Russia 22 (1): 37–67. doi:10.1080/09546540902900288. ISSN 0954-6545. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546540902900288. "There were sizeable Muslim populations in Kutaisi and Tbilisi provinces, which remained in Georgia, and a minority of Christians in Zakatala okrug, in Azerbaijan."

[potemkin-8] Nicas, Peter „Azerbaijan Things to See & Do Guide“. ProfessionalTravelGuide.com. Qaraldi: 2008-yil 17-iyun. ^{[sayt ishlamaydi]}

[azerb-9] Torres Curado, L.M. „Zaqatala (Zakataly)“. Azerb.com. 2021-yil 1-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2008-yil 3-yanvar.

[10] Elliott, Mark. "Azerbaijan with excursions to Georgia", 4th, 2010 — 234-bet.

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