|
}}</ref>. Цей запропонований підхід ще не досяг формальної стадії концептуального планування<ref name="Powell2005">{{Cite journal|last=Powell|first=Jesse|last2=Powell|first2=James|last3=Maise|first3=George|last4=Paniagua|first4=John|date=2005|title=NEMO: A mission to search for and return to Earth possible life forms on Europa|journal=Acta Astronautica|volume=57|issue=2–8|pages=579–593|bibcode=2005AcAau..57..579P|doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.04.003}}</ref>.
Спільна ([[НАСА]], [[Європейське космічне агентство|ЄКА]], [[Агентство аерокосмічних досліджень Японії|JAXA]], [[Роскосмос]]) космічна програма «[[Europa Jupiter System Mission]]» (EJSM), схвалена у лютому 2009 року і запланована на 2020 рік, повинна була складатися з чотирьох апаратів: «Jupiter Europa Orbiter» (НАСА), «Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter» (ЄКА), «Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter» (JAXA) і «Jupiter Europa Lander». Однак 2011 року програма була скасована у зв'язку з виходом США та Японії з проєкту з фінансових міркувань. Після цього кожна сторона-учасник, за винятком Японії, самостійно розвивала свої проєкти<ref name=":0"/><ref name="m45407"/><ref name="innoros"/>.
== Європа в літературі ==
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