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İntegral , Matematikteki temel işlemlerden biridir. Aşağıdaki tabloda en çok bilinen integrallerin hesaplanışını bulacaksınız.
C harfi integral sabiti 'ni belirtmek için kullanılmıştır.
Aşağıdaki formüller i niteliğindedir.
∫
a
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
a
∫
f
(
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int af(x)\,dx=a\int f(x)\,dx}
∫
[
f
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
]
d
x
=
∫
f
(
x
)
d
x
+
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int [f(x)+g(x)]\,dx=\int f(x)\,dx+\int g(x)\,dx}
∫
f
(
x
)
g
(
x
)
d
x
=
f
(
x
)
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
−
∫
(
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
)
d
(
f
(
x
)
)
{\displaystyle \int f(x)g(x)\,dx=f(x)\int g(x)\,dx-\int \left(\int g(x)\,dx\right)\,d(f(x))}
∫
d
x
=
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \,dx=x+C}
∫
x
n
d
x
=
x
n
+
1
n
+
1
+
C
Eğer
n
≠
−
1
{\displaystyle \int x^{n}\,dx={\frac {x^{n+1}}{n+1}}+C\qquad {\mbox{ Eğer }}n\neq -1}
∫
1
x
d
x
=
ln
|
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{x}}\,dx=\ln {\left|x\right|}+C}
∫
d
x
a
2
+
x
2
=
1
a
arctan
x
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {dx \over {a^{2}+x^{2}}}={1 \over a}\arctan {x \over a}+C}
∫
d
x
a
2
−
x
2
=
arcsin
x
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {dx \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}}=\arcsin {x \over a}+C}
∫
−
d
x
a
2
−
x
2
=
arccos
x
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {-dx \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}}=\arccos {x \over a}+C}
∫
d
x
x
x
2
−
a
2
=
1
a
arcsec
|
x
|
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {dx \over x{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}={1 \over a}{\mbox{arcsec}}\,{|x| \over a}+C}
∫
ln
x
d
x
=
x
ln
x
−
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \ln {x}\,dx=x\ln {x}-x+C}
∫
log
b
x
d
x
=
x
log
b
x
−
x
log
b
e
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \log _{b}{x}\,dx=x\log _{b}{x}-x\log _{b}{e}+C}
∫
e
x
d
x
=
e
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int e^{x}\,dx=e^{x}+C}
∫
a
x
d
x
=
a
x
ln
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int a^{x}\,dx={\frac {a^{x}}{\ln {a}}}+C}
∫
sin
x
d
x
=
−
cos
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sin {x}\,dx=-\cos {x}+C}
∫
cos
x
d
x
=
sin
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cos {x}\,dx=\sin {x}+C}
∫
sin
2
x
d
x
=
1
2
(
x
−
sin
x
cos
x
)
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sin ^{2}x\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}(x-\sin x\cos x)+C}
∫
cos
2
x
d
x
=
1
2
(
x
+
sin
x
cos
x
)
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cos ^{2}x\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}(x+\sin x\cos x)+C}
∫
1
sin
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
ln
(
tan
β
x
2
)
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{\sin {(\beta x)}}}\,dx={\frac {\ln(\tan {\frac {\beta x}{2}})}{\beta }}+C}
∫
1
tan
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
log
(
sin
β
x
)
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{\tan {(\beta x)}}}\,dx={\frac {\log(\sin {\beta x})}{\beta }}+C}
∫
1
cos
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
a
r
c
t
a
n
h
(
tan
β
x
2
)
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{\cos {(\beta x)}}}\,dx={\frac {arctanh{(\tan {\frac {\beta x}{2}})}}{\beta }}+C}
∫
1
cot
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
−
log
(
cos
β
x
)
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{\cot {(\beta x)}}}\,dx=-{\frac {\log {(\cos {\beta x})}}{\beta }}+C}
∫
arcsin
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
x
arcsin
β
x
+
1
−
β
2
x
2
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \arcsin {(\beta x)}\,dx=x\arcsin {\beta x}+{\frac {\sqrt {1-\beta ^{2}x^{2}}}{\beta }}+C}
∫
arctan
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
x
arctan
β
x
−
log
(
1
+
β
2
x
2
)
2
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \arctan {(\beta x)}\,dx=x\arctan {\beta x}-{\frac {\log {(1+\beta ^{2}x^{2})}}{2\beta }}+C}
∫
arccos
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
x
arccos
β
x
−
1
−
β
2
x
2
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \arccos {(\beta x)}\,dx=x\arccos {\beta x}-{\frac {\sqrt {1-\beta ^{2}x^{2}}}{\beta }}+C}
∫
arccot
(
β
x
)
d
x
=
x
arccot
β
x
+
log
(
1
+
β
2
x
2
)
2
β
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \operatorname {arccot} {(\beta x)}\,dx=x\operatorname {arccot} {\beta x}+{\frac {\log {(1+\beta ^{2}x^{2})}}{2\beta }}+C}
Bazı fonksiyonların kapalı formda ters türevleri [integralleri] alınamazlar. Buna karşın, belirli integral şeklinde bazı fonksiyonların integral değerleri hesaplanabilir. Bunlardan en çok bilinen ve kullanılanlar şunlardır:
∫
0
∞
x
e
−
x
d
x
=
1
2
π
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\sqrt {x}}\,e^{-x}\,dx}={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi }}}
Gama fonksiyonu )
∫
0
∞
e
−
β
x
2
d
x
=
1
2
π
β
,
β
>
0
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{e^{-\beta x^{2}}\,dx}={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{\beta }}}\quad ,\quad \beta >0}
Gauss integrali )
∫
0
∞
x
e
x
−
1
d
x
=
π
2
6
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\frac {x}{e^{x}-1}}\,dx}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}}
Bernoulli sayısı )
∫
0
∞
x
3
e
x
−
1
d
x
=
π
4
15
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\frac {x^{3}}{e^{x}-1}}\,dx}={\frac {\pi ^{4}}{15}}}
∫
0
∞
sin
(
x
)
x
d
x
=
π
2
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin(x)}{x}}\,dx={\frac {\pi }{2}}}
∫
0
∞
x
z
−
1
e
−
x
d
x
=
Γ
(
z
)
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }x^{z-1}\,e^{-x}\,dx=\Gamma (z)}
Γ
(
z
)
{\displaystyle \Gamma (z)}
Gama fonksiyonu 'dur)
∫
−
∞
∞
e
−
(
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
)
d
x
=
π
a
e
b
2
−
4
a
c
4
a
{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-(ax^{2}+bx+c)}\,dx={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}-4ac}{4a}}}
∫
0
2
π
e
x
cos
θ
d
θ
=
2
π
I
0
(
x
)
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}(x)}
I
0
(
x
)
{\displaystyle I_{0}(x)}
Bessel fonksiyonu 'nun birinci çeşidi olarak düzenlenebilir.)
∫
0
2
π
e
x
cos
θ
+
y
sin
θ
d
θ
=
2
π
I
0
(
x
2
+
y
2
)
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta +y\sin \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}\left({\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}\right)}
--
∫
a
b
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
(
b
−
a
)
∑
n
=
1
∞
∑
m
=
1
2
n
−
1
(
−
1
)
m
+
1
2
−
n
f
(
a
+
m
(
b
−
a
)
/
2
n
)
.
{\displaystyle \int \limits _{a}^{b}{f(x)dx=\left({b-a}\right)}\sum \limits _{n=1}^{\infty }{\sum \limits _{m=1}^{2^{n}-1}{\left({-1}\right)^{m+1}}}2^{-n}f(a+m\left({b-a}\right)/2^{n}).}
Not : Daha çok ve ayrıntılı integraller için İngilizce sayfadaki more integrals about ... linklerine tıklanabilir.
Abramowitz, Milton ; Stegun, Irene Ann , (Ed.) (1983) [Haziran 1964]. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables . Applied Mathematics Series. 55 (Düzeltmelerle birlikte 10. orijinal baskının ek düzeltmelerle birlikte 9. yeniden baskısı (Aralık 1972); 1. bas.). Washington D.C., USA; New York, USA: United States Department of Commerce , Ulusal Standartlar ve Teknoloji Enstitüsü ; Dover Publications . ISBN 0-486-61272-4 . LCCN 64-60036 . MR 0167642 . ISBN 978-0-486-61272-0 . LCCN -6512253-{{{3}}} . Bronstein, Ilja Nikolaevič; Semendjajew, Konstantin Adolfovič (1987) [1945]. Grosche, Günter; Ziegler, Viktor; Ziegler, Dorothea (Ed.). Taschenbuch der Mathematik (Almanca). 1 . Ziegler, Viktor tarafından çevrildi. Weiß, Jürgen (23 bas.). Thun and Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Harri Deutsch (and B. G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft , Leipzig). ISBN 3-87144-492-8 . Gradshteyn, Izrail Solomonovich ; Ryzhik, Iosif Moiseevich ; Geronimus, Yuri Veniaminovich ; Tseytlin, Michail Yulyevich ; Jeffrey, Alan (2015) [October 2014]. Zwillinger, Daniel; Moll, Victor Hugo (Ed.). Table of Integrals, Series, and Products (İngilizce). Scripta Technica, Inc. tarafından çevrildi (8 bas.). Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-384933-0 . LCCN 2014010276 . ISBN 978-0-12-384933-5 . Prudnikov, Anatolii Platonovich (Прудников, Анатолий Платонович) ; Brychkov, Yuri A. (Брычков, Ю. А.); Marichev, Oleg Igorevich (Маричев, Олег Игоревич) (1988–1992) [1981−1986 (Russian)]. Integrals and Series (İngilizce). 1–5 . Queen, N. M. tarafından çevrildi (1 bas.). (Nauka ) Gordon & Breach Science Publishers/CRC Press . ISBN 2-88124-097-6 . Yuri A. Brychkov (Ю. А. Брычков), Handbook of Special Functions: Derivatives, Integrals, Series and Other Formulas . Russian edition, Fiziko-Matematicheskaya Literatura, 2006. English edition, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2008, ISBN 1-58488-956-X / 9781584889564.
Daniel Zwillinger. CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae , 31st edition. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58488-291-3 . (Many earlier editions as well.)
de , Integraltafeln oder Sammlung von Integralformeln de , Integral Tables Or A Collection of Integral Formulae Integraltafeln ]David Bierens de Haan , Nouvelles Tables d'Intégrales définies (Engels, Leiden, 1862)Benjamin O. Pierce A short table of integrals - revised edition (Ginn & co., Boston, 1899)
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