Monocots

Lilium candidum

Taxonavigation

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordines: Acorales – Alismatales – Asparagales – Dioscoreales – Liliales – Pandanales – Petrosaviales
Cladus: Commelinids

Name

monocots [ APG IV ]

Synonyms

• Liliopsida Batsch (1802)
• Monocotyledonae
• Monocotyledoneae DC. (1817)
• Monocotyledones

Classes

• Liliopsida Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 461 (1766) («Liliaceae»).
• Najadopsida Hoffmannsegg & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 59 (1809) («Nades»).
• Aropsida Bartl. Ord. Nat. Pl. 25, 65 (1830) («Aroideae»).
• Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. Ord. Nat. Pl. 25, 74 (1830) («Hydrocharideae»).
• Juncopsida Bartl. Ord. Nat. Pl. 23, 34 (1830) («Juncinae»).
• Orchidopsida Bartl. Ord. Nat. Pl. 24, 54 (1830) («Orchideae»).
• Bromeliopsida Brongn. Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xv, 23 (1843) («Bromelioideae»).
• Liriopsida Brongn. Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xv, 17 (1843) («Lirioideae»).
• Pandanopsida Brongn. Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xv, 14 (1843) («Pandanoideae»).
• Phoenicopsida Brongn. Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xv, 15 (1843) («Phoenicoideae»).
• Alismatopsida Kemularia-Nathadze, Mzenar. Sist. Geogr. Narkv. 28: 87 (1970) («Alismatae»).

Subclasses

• • Alismatidae Smyth & L.C.R.Smyth, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 25: 111 (1912) (“Alismaeflorae”)
  • Arecidae Takht., Sist. Filog. Tsvetk. Rast. 525 (1967)
  • Aridae Takht., Divers. Class. Fl. Pl. 579 (1997)
  • Bromeliidae Zheng-yi Wu, An-ming Lu, Yan-cheng Tang, Zhi-duan Chen & De-zhu Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 299 (2002)
  • Burmanniidae Heintze, Cormof. Fylog. 10 (1927) («Burmanniaeformes»).
  • Commelinidae Takht., Sist. Filog. Tsvetk. Rast. 514 (1967)
  • Juncidae Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheoph. lxii (2001)
  • Liliidae J.H.Schaffn., Ohio Nat. 12: 413 (1911) («Liliiflorae»).
  • Orchididae Smyth & L.C.R.Smyth, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 25: 120 (1912) («Orchidiflorae»).
  • Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal, Novon 2: 235 (1992)
  • Zingiberidae Cronq., Brittonia 30: 505 (1978)

References

• Takhtajan, A.L. (Тахтаджян, А.Л.) 1967 ["1966"]. Система и филогения цветковых растений [Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum]. Москва-Ленинград: Издательство "Наука". (Russian) Google Books Reference page. 
• Takhtajan, A.L. (Тахтаджян, А.Л.) 1987. Система магнолиофитов [Systema Magnoliophytorum]. Ленинград: Издательство "Наука", Ленинградское отделение. (Russian) Google Books Reference page. 
• Takhtajan, A.L. 1997. Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231100984. Reference page. 
• Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85 (4): 531–553. pdf file
• Doweld, A.B. 2001. Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta) [Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Опыт системы сосудистых растений]. LXXX + 110 pp. Moscow: Geos. ISBN 5-89118-283-1. Фундаментальная электронная библиотека «Флора и фауна» DJVU Google Books Reference page. 
• Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105–121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Reference page. 
• Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page. 
• Cantino, P.D., Doyle, J.A., Graham, S.W., Judd, W.S., Olmstead, R.G., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S. & Donoghue, M.J. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56(3): E1–E44.
• Chase, M.W., Stevenson, D.W., Wilkin, P. & Rudall, P.J. 1995. Monocot systematics: A combined analysis. pages 685-730 in Rudall, P. J.; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; & Humphries, C.J. (eds.). Monocotyledons: Systematics and evolution. (London: Royal Botanic Garden, Kew).
• Chase, M.W. 2004. Monocot relationships: an overview. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1645–1655.
• Chase, M.W. & Reveal, J.L. 2009. A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 122–127. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x Reference page. 
• Chase, M.W., Soltis D.E., Soltis, P.S., Rudall, P.J., Fay, M.F., Hahn, W.J., Sullivan, S., Joseph, J., Molvray, M., Kores, P.J., Givnish, T.J., Sytsma, K.J. & Pires, J.C. 2000. Higher-level systematics of the monocotyledons: An assessment of current knowledge and a new classification. pages 3-16 in Wilson, K. L. & Morrison, D. A. (eds.) Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. (CSIRO, Melbourne).
• Dahlgren, R.M.T. & Clifford, H T. 1982. The Monocotyledons: A Comparative Study. (New York: Academic Press).
• Dahlgren, R.M.T., Clifford, H.T. & Yeo, P. F. 1985. The Families of the Monocotyledons. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag).
• Dahlgren, R.M.T. & Rassmussen, F. 1983. Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylolgenetic estimation. Evolutionary Biology 16: 255–395.
• Davis, J.I., Stevenson, D.W., Petersen, G., Seberg, O., Campbell, L.M., Freudenstein, J.V., Goldman, D.H., Hardy, C.R., Michelangeli, F.A., Simmons, M.P., Specht, C.D., Vergara-Silva, F. & Gandolfo, M. 2004. A Phylogeny of the Monocots, as Inferred from rbcL and atpA Sequence Variation, and a Comparison of Methods for Calculating Jackknife and Bootstrap Values. Systematic Botany 29(3): 467–510.
• Duvall, M.W., Clegg, M.T., Chase, M.W., Clark, W.D., Kress, W.J., Hills, H.G., Eguiarte, L.E., Smith, J.F., Gaut, B.S., Zimmer, E.A. & Learn, G.H., Jr. 1993. Phylogenetic hypotheses for the monocotyledons constructed from rbcL sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 607–619.
• Herendeen, P.S. & Crane, P.R. 1995 .The fossil history of the monocotyledons. pages 1-21 in Rudall, P., Cribb, P.J., Cutler, D.F. & Humphries, C.J. (eds.) Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. (London: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew).
• Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page. 
• Trias-Blasi, A., Baker, W.J., Haigh, A.L., Simpson, D.A., Weber, O. & Wilkin, P. 2015. A genus-level phylogenetic linear sequence of monocots. Taxon 64(3): 552–581. DOI: 10.12705/643.9 ResearchGate Reference page. 

Links

• Liliopsida – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). (Following Cronquist classification)
• Liliopsida – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (Following APG II classification)
• Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, University of Oxford, Natural History Museum, Natural Environment Research Council, UK (2012) eMonocot Home Page

Vernacular names

Alemannisch: Monokotyledonen
العربية: أحاديات الفلقة
azərbaycanca: Birləpəlilər
žemaitėška: Vėinskiltē augalā
башҡортса: Бер өлөшлөләр
беларуская: Аднадольныя
български: Едносемеделни
català: Liliòpsida
čeština: Jednoděložné
Cymraeg: Monocotyledon
dansk: Enkimbladede
Deutsch: Einkeimblättrige
Ελληνικά: Μονοκοτυλήδονο
English: Monocots
Esperanto: Unukotiledonaj plantoj
español: monocotiledóneas
eesti: Üheidulehelised
euskara: monokotiledoneo
فارسی: تک‌لپه‌ای‌ها
suomi: Yksisirkkaiset
français: Monocotylédone
galego: Monocotiledóneas
עברית: חד-פסיגיים
हिन्दी: एकबीजपत्री
hrvatski: Jednosupnice
magyar: Egyszikűek
հայերեն: Միաշաքիլավորներ
Bahasa Indonesia: Tumbuhan berkeping biji tunggal
íslenska: Einkímblöðungar
italiano: Monocotiledoni
日本語: 単子葉類, 単子葉植物
Jawa: Tetanduran wiji tunggal
ქართული: ერთლებნიანები
қазақша: Дара жарнақтылар
한국어: 외떡잎식물
kurdî: Yekqalikan
lietuvių: Lelijainiai
latviešu: viendīgļlapji
македонски: Монокотиледони
മലയാളം: ഏകബീജപത്ര സസ്യങ്ങൾ
Bahasa Melayu: Monokotiledon
Nāhuatl: Centzīntiliztica
norsk bokmål: Enfrøbladede planter, enfrøbladinger
नेपाली: एकदलीय वनस्पति
Nederlands: Eenzaadlobbigen
norsk nynorsk: Einfrøblada plantar, einfrøbladingar
norsk: Enfrøbladede planter
occitan: Monocotyledon
polski: Jednoliścienne
پنجابی: اکدالے
português: Monocotiledónea
Runa Simi: Ch'ulla phutuy raphiyuq
română: Monocotiledonate
русский: Однодольные
sicilianu: monocotileduna
Scots: Monocotyledon
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Monokotiledoni
slovenčina: Jednoklíčnolistové
slovenščina: Enokaličnice
српски / srpski: Монокотиледоне биљке
Sunda: Tutuwuhan siki tunggal
svenska: Monokotyledoner, enhjärtbladiga växter
தமிழ்: ஒருவித்திலையி
తెలుగు: ఏకదళబీజాలు
ไทย: พืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว
Türkçe: Bir çenekliler
українська: Однодольні
اردو: یک دالہ
oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча: Bir pallali oʻsimliklar
Tiếng Việt: Thực vật một lá mầm
中文（简体）: 单子叶植物纲
中文（繁體）: 單子葉植物綱

For more multimedia, look at Monocots on Wikimedia Commons.