Ontology: Difference between revisions
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Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences. |
Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences. |
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== Etymology == |
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The word ''ontology'' ('study of being') comes from |
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:''[[wikt:onto-|onto]]-'' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{Lang-gr|ὄν|label=none|translit=on}};<!--[sic] (neuter), not ὤν (masculine)-->{{NoteTag|ὄν is the [[Present tense|present-tense]] [[participle]] of the [[verb]] [[wikt:εἰμί|εἰμί]] (''eimí'', 'to be' or 'I am').}} {{Abbr|[[Genitive case|{{sc|GEN}}]].|Genitive case}} {{Lang-gr|ὄντος|label=none|translit=ontos|lit=being' or 'that which is}}) and |
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:''[[wikt:-logia|-logia]]'' ({{Lang-gr|{{wikt-lang|en|-λογία}}|lit=logical [[discourse]]|label=none}}).<ref name="OnlineEtDict">{{cite dictionary |title = ontology |url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/ontology |dictionary = [[Online Etymology Dictionary]]}}</ref><ref name="LSJ">{{LSJ|ei)mi/1|εἰμί|ref}}.</ref> |
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== Overview == |
== Overview == |
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Ontology asks whether "categories of being" are fundamental. |
Ontology asks whether "categories of being" are [[fundamental]]. |
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Some philosophers, of the [[Platonism|Platonic school]], say that all nouns (including [[abstract noun]]s) refer to actual entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities. They think some are a kind of shorthand for a collection of either [[object]]s or [[event]]s. |
Some philosophers, of the [[Platonism|Platonic school]], say that all nouns (including [[abstract noun]]s) refer to actual [[entity|entities]]. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities. They think some are a kind of [[shorthand]] for a collection of either [[object]]s or [[event]]s. |
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In this view, ''[[mind]]'', instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of ''mental events'' experienced by a ''[[person]]''. ''[[Society]]'' refers to a collection of ''persons'' with some shared characteristics, and ''[[geometry]]'' refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.<ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/?id=XU5atV1nfukC& |
In this view, ''[[mind]]'', instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of ''mental events'' experienced by a ''[[person]]''. ''[[Society]]'' refers to a collection of ''persons'' with some shared characteristics, and ''[[geometry]]'' refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.<ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XU5atV1nfukC&q=platonic+writings+griswold |title=Platonic writings/Platonic readings |first=Charles L. |last=Griswold |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2001 |page=237 |isbn=9780271021379}}</ref> |
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Between these poles, called [[Platonic realism|realism]] and [[nominalism]], are other positions. Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result. |
Between these poles, called [[Platonic realism|realism]] and [[nominalism]], are other positions. Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result. |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Metaphysics}} |
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{{Consciousness}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Branches of philosophy]] |
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[[Category:Reality]] |
[[Category:Reality]] |
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{{stub}} |
{{stub}} |
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Revision as of 11:52, 22 June 2024
Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality. It is part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics.
Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences.
Etymology
The word ontology ('study of being') comes from
- onto- (Greek: ὄν, on;[note 1] GEN. ὄντος, ontos, 'being' or 'that which is') and
- -logia (-λογία, 'logical discourse').[1][2]
Overview
Ontology asks whether "categories of being" are fundamental.
Some philosophers, of the Platonic school, say that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to actual entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities. They think some are a kind of shorthand for a collection of either objects or events.
In this view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person. Society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.[3]
Between these poles, called realism and nominalism, are other positions. Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result.
Notes
- ↑ ὄν is the present-tense participle of the verb εἰμί (eimí, 'to be' or 'I am').
References
- ↑ "ontology". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ εἰμί. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at Perseus Project.
- ↑ Griswold, Charles L. (2001). Platonic writings/Platonic readings. Penn State Press. p. 237. ISBN 9780271021379.
