British Indian Army: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Flag of the Royal Indian Army.svg|thumb|220px|Flag of the Royal Indian Army]] |
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[[Image:BritishIndianArmy.jpg|thumb|220px|A group of Indian Muslim soldiers posing for [[volley]] firing orders. ~1895.]] |
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The '''British Indian Army''', officially called simply the '''Indian Army''' ('''IA'''), was the [[army]] in [[British India]] during British rule ( |
The '''British Indian Army''', officially called simply the '''Indian Army''' ('''IA'''), was the [[army]] in [[British India]] during British rule (1858–1947).<ref>Peter Duckers ''The British Indian Army 1860-1914''. Shire Books, {{ISBN|978-0-7478-0550-2}}</ref><ref>[http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist1.htm Indian Army: History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116203948/http://indianarmy.nic.in/arhist1.htm |date=2006-11-16 }} "the total strength of the British-Indian Army was 90,000"</ref><ref>Brig (Retd) Noor A Husain [http://defencejournal.com/sept99/martial-races.htm The Role of Muslims Martial Races of Today's Pakistan in British-Indian Army in World War-II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901003914/http://defencejournal.com/sept99/martial-races.htm |date=2005-09-01 }}</ref> The Indian Army served as a security force in India itself and fought in battles overseas, particularly during the two World Wars. |
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The term "Indian Army" was used to describe the [[presidency armies]], especially after the [[Indian Mutiny]]. However, the first army officially called the "Indian Army" was raised by the government of India in 1895. In 1903 the Indian Army absorbed the three [[presidency armies]] (the [[Bengal Army]], the [[Madras Army]] and the [[Bombay Army]]). |
The term "Indian Army" was used to describe the [[presidency armies]], especially after the [[Indian Mutiny]]. However, the first army officially called the "Indian Army" was raised by the government of India in 1895. In 1903 the Indian Army absorbed the three [[presidency armies]] (the [[Bengal Army]], the [[Madras Army]] and the [[Bombay Army]]). |
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Between 1903 and 1947 the '''Army of India''' consisted of two separate parts: the Indian Army and the [[British Army]] in India. The first consisted of Indian Army regiments from India, while the second were British Army regiments from the United Kingdom which were sent to India. |
Between 1903 and 1947 the '''Army of India''' consisted of two separate parts: the Indian Army and the [[British Army]] in India. The first consisted of Indian Army regiments from India, while the second were British Army regiments from the United Kingdom which were sent to India. |
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The Army of India defeated the [[Ottoman Empire]] and conquered Iraq in the [[Middle Eastern theatre of World War I|Mesopotamian Campaign]] of World War I. |
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==Organization== |
==Organization== |
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[[Image:Madras cavalry.jpg|thumb|220px|A painting showing a Sowar ([[Sepoy]]), 6th [[Madras]] [[Light Cavalry]]. Circa 1845.]] |
[[Image:Madras cavalry.jpg|thumb|220px|A painting showing a Sowar ([[Sepoy]]), 6th [[Madras]] [[Light Cavalry]]. Circa 1845.]] |
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The Indian Army was formed after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] when the government of Britain took over rule from the [[British East India Company]]. Before that the |
The Indian Army was formed after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] when the government of Britain took over rule from the [[British East India Company]]. Before that the company had their own army units, paid for by their profits and these joined with British Army units. |
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The army of the [[British East India Company]] recruited mostly Muslims in the [[Bengal Presidency]] (which consisted of [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]), and high caste Hindus mainly from the rural plains of [[Oudh]]. These troops |
The army of the [[British East India Company]] recruited mostly Muslims in the [[Bengal Presidency]] (which consisted of [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]), and high caste Hindus mainly from the rural plains of [[Oudh]]. These troops rebelled against the British in 1857. |
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After the rebellion, the British started recruiting what the British called the "martial races," particularly [[Marathas]], |
After the rebellion, the British started recruiting what the British called the "martial races," particularly [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Muslims]], [[Marathas]], [[Rajput]]s, [[Sikhs]], [[Gurkhas]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Garhwali]]s, [[Mohyal]]s, and [[Dogra]]s. |
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===After World War II=== |
===After World War II=== |
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After World War II, the British formations and units that had been part of the British Army of India were divided between India and Pakistan. |
After World War II, the British formations and units that had been part of the British Army of India were divided between India and Pakistan. |
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Soon after the [[Partition of India]], both the newly formed armies fought each other in the [[First Kashmir War]] from 1947 - '48 which begun the bitter rivalry that has continued into the 21st century. |
Soon after the [[Partition of India]], both the newly formed armies fought each other in the [[First Kashmir War]] from 1947 - '48 which begun the bitter rivalry that has continued into the 21st century. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<references/> |
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[[ar:الجيش البريطاني الهندي]] |
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[[cs:Britská Indická armáda]] |
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[[de:British Indian Army]] |
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[[en:British Indian Army]] |
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[[es:Ejército Indio Británico]] |
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[[fr:Armée des Indes britanniques]] |
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[[hi:ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना]] |
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[[it:Esercito dell'India Britannica]] |
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[[he:צבא הודו הבריטית]] |
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[[kn:ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸೇನೆ]] |
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[[ms:Tentera India British]] |
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[[nl:Brits-Indische leger]] |
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[[ja:英印軍]] |
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[[no:British Indian Army]] |
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[[nn:Den britisk-indiske hæren]] |
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[[pt:Exército da Índia Britânica]] |
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[[ru:Британская Индийская армия]] |
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[[sv:Brittisk-indiska armén]] |
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[[uk:Армія Британської Індії]] |
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[[zh:英属印度陆军]] |
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Revision as of 12:18, 28 January 2024
The British Indian Army, officially called simply the Indian Army (IA), was the army in British India during British rule (1858–1947).[1][2][3] The Indian Army served as a security force in India itself and fought in battles overseas, particularly during the two World Wars.
The term "Indian Army" was used to describe the presidency armies, especially after the Indian Mutiny. However, the first army officially called the "Indian Army" was raised by the government of India in 1895. In 1903 the Indian Army absorbed the three presidency armies (the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army).
Between 1903 and 1947 the Army of India consisted of two separate parts: the Indian Army and the British Army in India. The first consisted of Indian Army regiments from India, while the second were British Army regiments from the United Kingdom which were sent to India.
The Army of India defeated the Ottoman Empire and conquered Iraq in the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I.
Organization
The Indian Army was formed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 when the government of Britain took over rule from the British East India Company. Before that the company had their own army units, paid for by their profits and these joined with British Army units.
The army of the British East India Company recruited mostly Muslims in the Bengal Presidency (which consisted of Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh), and high caste Hindus mainly from the rural plains of Oudh. These troops rebelled against the British in 1857.
After the rebellion, the British started recruiting what the British called the "martial races," particularly Punjabi Muslims, Marathas, Rajputs, Sikhs, Gurkhas, Pashtuns, Garhwalis, Mohyals, and Dogras.
After World War II
After World War II, the British formations and units that had been part of the British Army of India were divided between India and Pakistan.
Soon after the Partition of India, both the newly formed armies fought each other in the First Kashmir War from 1947 - '48 which begun the bitter rivalry that has continued into the 21st century.
References
- ↑ Peter Duckers The British Indian Army 1860-1914. Shire Books, ISBN 978-0-7478-0550-2
- ↑ Indian Army: History Archived 2006-11-16 at the Wayback Machine "the total strength of the British-Indian Army was 90,000"
- ↑ Brig (Retd) Noor A Husain The Role of Muslims Martial Races of Today's Pakistan in British-Indian Army in World War-II Archived 2005-09-01 at the Wayback Machine