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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
⚫
|box_width = 300px
|name = Max Delbrück
|name = Max Delbrück
|image = Max Delbruck.jpg
|image = Max Delbruck.jpg
|image_width =
|image_size =
|caption = Delbrück in the early 1940s.
|caption = Delbrück in the early 1940s
⚫
|birth_name = Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück
|birth_date = {{birth date|1906|9|4}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1906|9|4}}
|birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[German Empire]]
|birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[German Empire]]
|residence =
|residence =
|citizenship = [[Citizenship in the United States|United States]]<ref name="brittanica-x1">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Max Delbrück|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156446/Max-Delbruck|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|accessdate=June 25, 2013|quote=A refugee from Nazi Germany, Delbrück went to the United States in 1937, serving as a faculty member of the California Institute of Technology (1937–39; 1947–81) and of Vanderbilt University (1940–47). He became a U.S. citizen in 1945.}}</ref>
⚫
|nationality =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1981|3|9|1906|9|4}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1981|3|9|1906|9|4}}
|death_place = [[Pasadena, California]], [[United States]]
|death_place = [[Pasadena, California]], [[United States]]
|field = [[Biophysics]]
|field = [[Biophysics]]
|work_institutions = [[Kaiser Wilhelm Society|Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry]]<br>[[Vanderbilt University]]<br>[[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]]
|work_institution =
|alma_mater =
|alma_mater = [[University of Göttingen]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =[[Phage group]]
|known_for = {{Plainlist|
* "discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" <small>(Nobel Committee)<ref name="nobel1969rationale">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 |accessdate=June 25, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6He8q16yE?url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html |archivedate=June 25, 2013 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |url-status=dead }}</ref></small>
|prizes = [[Nobel prize|Nobel laureate]]
* [[Saffman–Delbrück model]]}}
|religion =
|footnotes =
|prizes = {{Plainlist|
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (1967)<ref name="frs">{{cite journal | author = William Hayes | authorlink = William Hayes (geneticist)| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1982.0003 | title = Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck. 4 September 1906-10 March 1981 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|volume = 28 | pages = 58–90| year = 1982 | jstor = 769892 | s2cid = 73351038}}</ref>
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (1969)
* [[EMBO Membership]] (1970)<ref name="membo">{{cite web|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/maxt-delbruck|title=Max Delbrück EMBO profile|publisher=[[European Molecular Biology Organization]]|location=Heidelberg|website=people.embo.org}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
⚫
|religion =
⚫
|footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück''' (September 4, 1906 &ndash; March 9, 1981) was a [[German]]-[[American]] [[biophysicist]] and [[Nobel prize|Nobel laureate]].
'''Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück''' (September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981) was a [[Germany|German]]-[[United States|American]] [[Biophysics|biophysicist]] and [[Nobel prize|Nobel laureate]].


Delbrück was one of the most influential people in the movement of physical scientists into [[biology]] during the 20th century.
Delbrück was one of the most influential people in the movement of physical scientists into [[biology]] during the 20th century.


Delbrück's big idea was to explore [[genetics]] by means of the [[bacteriophage]] [[virus]]es which infect [[bacteria]]. This was important in the early development of [[molecular biology]].
Delbrück's big idea was to explore [[genetics]] by means of the [[bacteriophage]] [[virus]]es which infect [[bacteria]]. This was important in the early development of [[molecular biology]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Delbrück was born in [[Berlin]], [[German Empire]]. Trained as a [[physicist]], he got his Ph.D. in 1930. he traveled through [[England]], [[Denmark]], and [[Switzerland]]. He met [[Wolfgang Pauli]] and [[Niels Bohr]], who got him interested in [[biology]].
Delbrück was born in [[Berlin]], [[German Empire]]. Trained as a [[physicist]], he got his Ph.D. in 1930. he traveled through [[England]], [[Denmark]], and [[Switzerland]]. He met [[Wolfgang Pauli]] and [[Niels Bohr]], who got him interested in [[biology]].


In 1937, he moved to the [[United States]] to pursue his interests in biology, taking up research in the Biology Division at [[Caltech]] on [[genetics]] of the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''. While at Caltech Delbrück became acquainted with bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophage or 'phage').
In 1937, he moved to the [[United States]] to pursue his interests in biology, taking up research in the Biology Division at [[Caltech]] on [[genetics]] of the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''. While at Caltech Delbrück became acquainted with bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophage or 'phage').


Delbrück remained in the US during [[World War II]], teaching physics at [[Vanderbilt University]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] while pursuing his genetic research. In 1942, he and [[Salvador Luria]] of Indiana University demonstrated that [[bacteria]]l resistance to [[virus]] infection is caused by random [[mutation]] and not adaptive change. This research, known as the [[Luria-Delbrück experiment]], was also significant for its use of mathematics to make quantitative predictions for the results to be expected from alternative models. For that work, they were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1969, sharing it with [[Alfred Hershey]].<ref>Lagemann, Robert T. 2000. "Max Delbrück at Vanderbilt" in ''To quarks and quasars: a history of physics and astronomy at Vanderbilt University''. 165-193</ref>
Delbrück remained in the US during [[World War II]], teaching physics at [[Vanderbilt University]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] while pursuing his genetic research. In 1942, he and [[Salvador Luria]] of Indiana University demonstrated that [[bacteria]]l resistance to [[virus]] infection is caused by random [[mutation]] and not adaptive change. This research, known as the [[Luria-Delbrück experiment]], was also significant for its use of mathematics to make quantitative predictions for the results to be expected from alternative models. For that work, they were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1969, sharing it with [[Alfred Hershey]].<ref>Lagemann, Robert T. 2000. "Max Delbrück at Vanderbilt" in ''To quarks and quasars: a history of physics and astronomy at Vanderbilt University''. 165-193</ref>


During the 1940s Delbrück developed a course in bacteriophage genetics at the [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] to encourage interest in the field. In 1947, Delbrück returned to Caltech as a professor of biology where he remained until 1977.
During the 1940s Delbrück developed a course in bacteriophage genetics at the [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]] to encourage interest in the field. In 1947, Delbrück returned to Caltech as a professor of biology where he remained until 1977.
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[[Category:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners]]
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[[Category:Physicists]]
[[Category:American Nobel Prize winners]]
[[Category:Americans of German descent]]
[[Category:American biophysicists]]
[[Category:American scientists]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:German biologists]]

[[Category:German Nobel Prize winners]]
[[ar:ماكس دلبروك]]
[[Category:German physicists]]
[[bn:ম্যাক্স ডেলবুর্ক]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[zh-min-nan:Max Delbrück]]
[[Category:Scientists from Berlin]]
[[be:Макс Дэльбрук]]
[[Category:Educators from California]]
[[ca:Max Delbrück]]
[[Category:Scientists from California]]
[[de:Max Delbrück (Biophysiker)]]
[[el:Μαξ Ντελμπρούκ]]
[[en:Max Delbrück]]
[[es:Max Delbrück]]
[[fr:Max Delbrück]]
[[ko:막스 델브뤽]]
[[hr:Max Delbrück]]
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[[id:Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück]]
[[is:Max Delbrück]]
[[it:Max Delbrück]]
[[he:מקס דלבריק]]
[[sw:Max Delbruck]]
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[[ja:マックス・デルブリュック]]
[[no:Max Delbrück]]
[[oc:Max Delbrück]]
[[pnb:میکس ڈیلبروک]]
[[pl:Max Delbrück]]
[[pt:Max Delbrück]]
[[ru:Дельбрюк, Макс]]
[[fi:Max Delbrück]]
[[sv:Max Delbrück]]
[[tr:Max Delbrück]]
[[uk:Макс Дельбрюк]]
[[yo:Max Delbrück]]
[[zh:馬克斯·德爾布呂克]]

Latest revision as of 23:51, 23 February 2022

Max Delbrück
Delbrück in the early 1940s
Born
Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück

(1906-09-04)September 4, 1906
Berlin, German Empire
DiedMarch 9, 1981(1981-03-09) (aged 74)
Pasadena, California, United States
CitizenshipUnited States[1]
Alma materUniversity of Göttingen
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsBiophysics
InstitutionsKaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry
Vanderbilt University
Caltech

Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981) was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate.

Delbrück was one of the most influential people in the movement of physical scientists into biology during the 20th century.

Delbrück's big idea was to explore genetics by means of the bacteriophage viruses which infect bacteria. This was important in the early development of molecular biology.

Biography

[change | change source]

Delbrück was born in Berlin, German Empire. Trained as a physicist, he got his Ph.D. in 1930. he traveled through England, Denmark, and Switzerland. He met Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr, who got him interested in biology.

In 1937, he moved to the United States to pursue his interests in biology, taking up research in the Biology Division at Caltech on genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. While at Caltech Delbrück became acquainted with bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophage or 'phage').

Delbrück remained in the US during World War II, teaching physics at Vanderbilt University in Nashville while pursuing his genetic research. In 1942, he and Salvador Luria of Indiana University demonstrated that bacterial resistance to virus infection is caused by random mutation and not adaptive change. This research, known as the Luria-Delbrück experiment, was also significant for its use of mathematics to make quantitative predictions for the results to be expected from alternative models. For that work, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, sharing it with Alfred Hershey.[5]

During the 1940s Delbrück developed a course in bacteriophage genetics at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to encourage interest in the field. In 1947, Delbrück returned to Caltech as a professor of biology where he remained until 1977.

References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ "Max Delbrück". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved June 25, 2013. A refugee from Nazi Germany, Delbrück went to the United States in 1937, serving as a faculty member of the California Institute of Technology (1937–39; 1947–81) and of Vanderbilt University (1940–47). He became a U.S. citizen in 1945.
  2. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  3. ↑ William Hayes (1982). "Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck. 4 September 1906-10 March 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 28. London: Royal Society: 58–90. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1982.0003. JSTOR 769892. S2CID 73351038.
  4. ↑ "Max Delbrück EMBO profile". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.[permanent dead link]
  5. ↑ Lagemann, Robert T. 2000. "Max Delbrück at Vanderbilt" in To quarks and quasars: a history of physics and astronomy at Vanderbilt University. 165-193

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