View source for War crime

{{War}}
[[File:Buchenwald Slave Laborers Liberation.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Nazi Germany]] committed many war crimes during [[World War II]].  People at [[concentration camp]]s like these were [[torture]]d, [[starvation|starved]], [[murder]]ed, and were caused great suffering]]

A '''war crime''' is a [[crime]] that breaks international [[laws of war]]. These laws say what is allowed during [[war]] and what is not. Today, these [[International law|international laws]] are the [[Geneva Conventions]] and the [[Hague Convention]].

==Definition==
To be a war crime, a crime must be part of a plan or has to be committed against protected persons and must be committed during a war.<ref name=icc>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/frequently%20asked%20questions/Pages/12.aspx |title=What are war crimes? |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=International Criminal Court |publisher= |accessdate=March 2, 2016 |quote= |archive-date=April 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401210518/https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/about%20the%20court/frequently%20asked%20questions/Pages/12.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

In international armed conflicts, only [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]], wounded and sick enemy fighters, [[Shipwreck|shipwrecked]] survivors, and enemy [[Civilian|civilians]] are protected persons. Nationals under their own authority as well as neutral civilians living in a belligerent state and allied citizens as long their states maintain [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] with a belligerent power are not protected persons under the law of war in the same conflicts.<ref name="DBFF">{{cite web|url=https://guide-humanitarian-law.org/content/article/3/protected-persons/|title=The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law: Protected Persons|website=[[Doctors Without Borders]]}}</ref>

In non-international armed conflicts, persons not taking part in hostilities are protected regardless of nationality.<ref name="DBFF"/>

The idea of what a "war crime" is has changed over time.  For example, in the 1940s, the strategic [[Bomb|bombing]] during [[World War II]] was not a war crime. Now it is.

In 2002, the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC) was created. Its goal is to look into and, if possible, [[Punishment|punish]] people for war crimes.  When the ICC was created, it came up with a longer list of war crimes.  Its list was the first to include types of [[sexual abuse]] like forcing women into [[sexual slavery]].<ref name=crimes/><sup>pp.&nbsp;8–10</sup>

==Types of war crimes==

Here are some examples of crimes that the ICC lists as war crimes.<ref name=crimes>{{cite book |author=[[International Criminal Court]] |date=2011 |title=Elements of Crimes |url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/336923d8-a6ad-40ec-ad7b-45bf9de73d56/0/elementsofcrimeseng.pdf |location=The Hague, Netherlands |publisher=PrintPartners Ipskamp |pages=1–44 |isbn=978-92-9227-232-6 |access-date=2016-03-03 |archive-date=2016-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309194201/https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/336923d8-a6ad-40ec-ad7b-45bf9de73d56/0/elementsofcrimeseng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== General war crimes ===
[[File:Hue Massacre Interment.jpg|thumb|Burial of 300 unidentified victims of the 2,800–6,000 killed in the [[Massacre at Huế|Huế massacre]] by the [[Viet Cong]] and [[People's Army of Vietnam]], 1968]]
[[File:Unit 731                             victim.jpg|thumb|Japanese combat medics of [[Unit 731]] spraying a noxious substance onto a Chinese civilian prisoner as part of their scientific research during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-F0313-0208-007, Gaskrieg (Luftbild).jpg|thumb|300px|German [[poison gas]] attack during [[World War I]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-208, KZ Mauthausen, Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene.jpg|thumb|300px|right|alt=A group of some 25 naked, severely malnutritioned Soviet prisoners of war standing in three rows against a wooden wall.|[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] at a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]], where many were [[starvation|starved]], [[torture]]d, and [[murder]]ed]]

These are war crimes whether they are committed against [[enemy]] [[soldiers]] or protected [[civilian]]s or neutral persons.<ref name=crimes/><ref name="&^&">[https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/law8_final.pdf Law of Armed Conflict: Neutrality]</ref>
* [[Torture]]
* Causing "great [[suffering]]" (severe physical or mental [[pain]]) on purpose
* Doing medical [[experiments]] on a person that will hurt them
* [[wikt:destroy|Destroying]] or [[stealing]] [[property]]
* Taking [[hostages]]
* Using [[Chemical warfare|chemical weapons]], [[biological weapon]]s, or other [[weapons]] that are illegal under [[international law]]
* Keeping a person in jail, [[Sentence (law)|sentencing]] them, or [[Execution|executing]] them without a [[trial]]
* Willful attacks on neutral persons, property, or territory

=== Sexual war crimes ===
These are war crimes whether they are committed against enemy soldiers or protected civilians or neutral persons.<ref name=crimes/>
* [[Rape]]
* [[Sexual slavery]]
* Forcing a person to be a [[prostitute]]
* Forcing a woman to get [[pregnant]]
* Forcing a person to get [[Sterilisation|sterilized]]
* Sexual violence (which includes all other types of [[sexual abuse]] and [[sexual assault]])

=== War crimes against protected civilians ===
War crimes against protected civilians include:<ref name=crimes/>
* Attacking protected civilians, killing them, or destroying their property
* Making an attack that is obviously going to kill and injure many protected civilians
* [[Forced migration|Forcing protected civilians to leave]] their home countries
* Attacking places like religious buildings, schools, and hospitals, which have nothing to do with war
* [[Starvation|Starving]] protected civilians on purpose, as a way of making war
* Forcing [[Child soldier|protected children to become soldiers]]
* [[Mutilation|Mutilating]] a protected civilian (for example, by cutting off an arm or hurting them in other ways that will show forever)

=== War crimes against enemy soldiers ===
War crimes against enemy soldiers include:<ref name=crimes/>
* Hurting or killing a person who is unable to fight (for example, because they are injured or sick)
* Hurting or killing a person who has [[Surrender (military)|surrendered]]
* Hurting or killing a person who is clearly a military medic or a [[chaplain]]
* Tricking enemy soldiers by using a [[flag]] to signal a [[truce]], then attacking
* Using flags, [[insignia]], or uniforms worn by enemy soldiers or the [[United Nations]] as a disguise while attacking
* Killing [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]

=== War crimes against neutral persons===
War crimes against neutral persons include:<ref name="&^&"/>
* Hurting or killing a person who is a peacekeeper
* Hurting or killing a person whose country is not participating in an armed conflict (for example, a neutral warship in belligerent waters)

==Examples of war crimes==

This table shows some examples of war crimes.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf |WAR
! colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf |[[Perpetrator|PERPETRATOR]]
|-
!Incident !! Type of war crimes!!Ordered or Committed By!!Notes
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf | '''[[World War I]]''' '''(1914-1918)'''
| colspan="3" style="color:black; background:#ddf | '''All major belligerents'''
|-
|[[Chemical weapons in World War I]]
|Use of [[chemical weapon]]s
|Ordered by all major belligerents
|Throughout [[World War I]], all major belligerents employed chemical weapons in combat in violation of the [[Hague Convention]]s of 1899 and 1907, which prohibited the use of "[[poison]] or poisoned weapons" in international conflicts.
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]<br>(1937-1945)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''[[Empire of Japan]]'''
|-
|[[Nanjing Massacre]]
|Mass murder of civilians and prisoners of war; torture; rape; [[robbery]]; [[arson|setting buildings on fire]]<ref name=nmbbc>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/223038.stm|title=Scarred by History: The Rape of Nanjing|publisher=BBC|date=April 11, 2005|accessdate=March 3, 2016}}</ref>
|Committed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]<ref name=nmbbc/>
|For six weeks after [[invasion|invading]] and [[military occupation|taking over]] [[Nanjing]], [[China]], Japanese soldiers committed war crimes.  About 200,000 people died or were killed.<ref name=beevor>{{cite book|first=Antony|last=Beevor|title=The Second World War|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|date=2012|isbn=978-0297844976|page=60}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[World War II]]''' '''(1939-1945)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Nazi Germany]]'''
|-
|[[Invasion of Poland (1939)|Invasion of Poland]]
|Mass murder of civilians, including hospital patients; attacking [[refugee]]s and civilian buildings
|Committed by the German [[Wehrmacht]] and ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS)
|The [[Nazism|Nazis]] killed about 150,000–200,000 Polish civilians,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Piotrowski |first1=Tadeusz |date=1998 |title=Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947 |url=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot|location= |publisher=McFarland |page=[https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/301 301] |isbn=978-0786403714}}</ref> including over 20,000 in mass [[execution]]s by [[Einsatzgruppen|mobile death squads]], and about 6,000 hospital patients.<ref name="HEART">{{cite web |url=http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/chelmnoSSstafflist.html |title=Lange, Herbert; SS-Hauptsturmführer |publisher=Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team |work=Chelmno Death Camp Dramatis Personae |year=2007 |accessdate=March 2, 2016 |author=Holocaust Research Project}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''World War II (1939-1945)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''Empire of Japan'''
|-
|[[Attack on Pearl Harbor]]
|Attacking neutral territory and murder of neutral persons
|Committed by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]
|On December 7, 1941, Imperial Japanese Navy [[Bomber|aircraft]] and [[Submarine|submarines]] attacked a United States [[naval base]] at [[Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam|Pearl Harbor]] without a state of war and without explicit warning, killing 2,403 people, destroying 188 U.S. aircraft, and sinking eight battleships.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II |url=https://archive.org/details/tokyowarcrimestr0000tota |page=[https://archive.org/details/tokyowarcrimestr0000tota/page/57 57] |author=Yuma Totani |date=April 1, 2009 |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]]|isbn=9780674028708 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Understanding International Law |pages=210–229 |author=Stephen C. McCaffrey |date=September 22, 2004 |publisher=[[AuthorHouse]]}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''World War II (1939-1945)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[United States]]'''
|-
|[[Biscari massacre]]
|Murder of prisoners of war
|Sergeant Horace T. West; Captain John T. Compton<ref name=biscari/>
|During the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[invasion]] of [[Sicily]], American soldiers killed 76 [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italian]] and [[Wehrmacht|German]] prisoners of war.  West was found guilty in an American [[court martial]]; Compton was found not guilty.<ref name="biscari">{{Cite journal|last1=United States|last2=Department of the Army|last3=Judge Advocate General's School (United States. Army)|date=1971|title=The Army lawyer.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/291344671|journal=The Army Lawyer.|language=English|issn=0364-1287|oclc=291344671}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Vietnam War]]''' '''(1955-1975)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''[[North Vietnam]]'''
|-
|[[Massacre at Huế]]
|Mass murder, beatings, and torture of civilians 
|[[Viet Cong]] and [[People's Army of Vietnam]]
|The [[Battle of Huế]] began on 31 January 1968, and lasted a total of 26 days. During the months and years that followed, dozens of [[mass grave]]s were discovered in and around Huế. Victims included men, women, children, and infants killed under North Vietnamese [[Military occupation|occupation]] of Huế, [[South Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Gerard|date=16 February 1998|editor1-last=Jackson|editor1-first=Gerard|editor2-last=Murton|editor2-first=Charles|editor3-last=Huang|editor3-first=Qan Di|editor4-last=Reider|editor4-first=Martin|title=Hue: the massacre the Left wants us to forget|url=http://www.newaus.com.au/news29b.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980527013135/http://www.newaus.com.au/news29b.html|archive-date=27 May 1998|access-date=4 July 2021|website=The New Australian|publication-place=[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]|issue=66|volume=2}}</ref> The estimated death toll was between 2,800 and 6,000 [[civilian]]s and [[prisoners of war]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Fifty-Year Wound |last=Leebaert |first=Lee |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |year=2003 |pages=352 }}</ref> or 5–10% of the total [[population]] of Huế.<ref>{{cite book |last=Turner |first=Robert F. |title=Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development |year=1975 |publisher=Hoover Institution Publications |isbn=978-0817964313 |page=251 }}</ref> Victims were found bound, tortured, and sometimes [[premature burial|buried alive]]. Many victims were also clubbed to death.<ref>Kendrick Oliver, ''The My Lai Massacre in American History and Memory'' (Manchester University Press, 2006), p. 27.</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=James |last=Minahan |chapter=South Vietnamese: Kinh; Gin; Jing; Ching; Annamese (Letter S) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C&pg=PA1761 |via=[[Google Books]] |volume=IV |editor1-first=James |editor1-last=Minahan|access-date=4 July 2021 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] (Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.) |isbn=9780313316173 |title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World, Volume IV S-Z |year=2002 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C  }}</ref><ref>Pierre Journod, "La France, les États-Unis et la guerre du Vietnam: l'année 1968", in ''Les relations franco-américaines au XX siècle'', edited by Pierre Melandri and Serge Ricard (L'Harmattan, 2003), p. 176.</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[The Troubles]]''' '''(1968-1998)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[United Kingdom]]'''
|-
|Actions in [[Northern Ireland]]
|Torture; killing suspects (including a civilian) without trying to arrest them first
|Members of the [[British Army]]
|In the 1970s, members of the [[British Army]] commonly used torture, including [[waterboarding]], on [[prisoner]]s in Northern Ireland.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/dec/21/british-army-northern-ireland-interrogations |title = British army 'waterboarded' suspects in 70s |work=BBC News|date=December 21, 2009|accessdate=March 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/may/04/convicted-belfast-murderer-appeal-waterboarding-evidence |title = Man granted soldier murder appeal following waterboarding evidence |author = McDonald, Henry |work = The Guardian |accessdate=March 3, 2016 |date=May 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Irish Times 1">{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/0622/1224318456325.html |title=Murder verdict of man sentenced to death quashed |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=June 22, 2012 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jun/21/army-waterboarding-victim-cleared-murder |title = Army 'waterboarding victim' who spent 17 years in jail is cleared of murder |work=BBC News|date=June 21, 2012 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/oct/11/inside-castlereagh-confessions-torture |title = Inside Castlereagh: 'We got confessions by torture' |work=The Guardian |date=October 11, 2010 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>  They also started a "[[shooting|shoot]] to kill" policy, where they would shoot and kill suspects without trying to arrest them first.  The [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled that this was illegal.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/04/northernireland |title = Killing of IRA men was 'human rights violation' |work=BBC News |date=May 4, 2001 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Iran-Iraq War]] (1980-1988)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Iraq]]'''
|-
|[[Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran]]
|Use of chemical weapons
|Ordered by [[Saddam Hussein]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Saddam-admits-Iran-gas-attacks/2006/12/19/1166290507910.html |title=Saddam admits Iran gas attacks – Breaking News – World – Breaking News |date=19 December 2006 |publisher=Theage.com.au |accessdate=2013-08-28}}</ref> led by [[Chemical Ali|Alī Ḥassan al-Majīd]] ("Chemical Ali")<ref name=ali>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-Hasan-al-Majid |title=Ali Hasan al-Majid: Iraqi official |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=December 11, 2014 |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |accessdate=March 3, 2016 |quote=}}</ref>
|Throughout the 1980s, Iraq used [[poison gas]]es to attack Iran.<ref name=ali/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8479115.stm |title='Chemical Ali' executed in Iraq after Halabja ruling |publisher=BBC News |date=January 25, 2010 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>  A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] war crimes [[tribunal]] also found a Dutch businessman guilty for selling Iraq chemical weapons.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2005/12/23/kurds-sentence051223.html |title=Dutch man sentenced for role in gassing death of Kurds |work= Canadian Broadcasting Corporation| date=December 23, 2005 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|'''War in [[Uganda]] (1985 {{ndash}} today)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA)'''
|-
|Many events
|Mass murder; kidnapping; forcing [[Child soldier|children to be soldiers]] and sex slaves; attacking civilians
|Led by [[Joseph Kony]]<ref name=icclra/>
|The LRA is a [[rebellion|rebel]] group in [[Uganda]], started in 1987.  Since 1987, the LRA has forced about 60,000 {{ndash}} 100,000 children to be soldiers, and about 2 million people in central [[Africa]] had to [[Refugee|leave their homes]].<ref name=guardianlra>{{cite web|author=Urquhart, Conal |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/24/joseph-kony-african-union-brigade?newsfeed=true |title=Joseph Kony: African Union brigade to hunt down LRA leader |website=The Guardian Online |date= March 24, 2012 |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>  In 2002, Kony ordered the LRA to start attacking civilians.<ref name=icclra/>  The ICC has [[indictment|indicted]] Kony for 21 different war crimes.  The Court has also indicted four other LRA leaders.<ref name=icclra>{{cite web | author=International Criminal Court |date = October 14, 2005| url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200204/related%20cases/icc%200204%200105/press%20releases/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616142249/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200204/related%20cases/icc%200204%200105/press%20releases/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders |archivedate=June 16, 2011 |title=Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders |accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf|[[Darfur conflict|'''War in Darfur''']] '''(2003 {{ndash}} today)'''|| colspan="2" style="color:black; background:#ddf| '''[[Sudan]]'''
|-
|Many events
|Mass murder of civilians; destroying civilian villages; rape; [[Forced migration|making civilians leave home]]; looting
|Led by [[Omar al-Bashir]]; committed by Sudanese military, police, and [[militia]]<ref name=nytsudan/><ref name=iccsudan/>
|The al-Bashir government has committed many crimes against people in [[Darfur]] who are not of the [[Arab people|Arab]], [[Muslim]] majority.<ref name=nytsudan>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/world/africa/number-of-darfurs-displaced-surged-in-2013.html?_r=0 |title=Number of Darfur's Displaced Surged in 2013 |last1=Gladstone |first1=Rick |date=January 23, 2014 |website=The New York Times Online |publisher=The New York Times Company |accessdate=March 4, 2016 |quote=}}</ref>  In 2014, the [[United Nations]] [[estimate]]d that 300,000 had been killed and more than 1.5 million had been forced to leave their homes.<ref name=nytsudan/>  The ICC has indicted al-Bashir and five other leaders with war crimes.<ref name=iccsudan>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200205/Pages/situation%20icc-0205.aspx |title=Darfur, Sudan |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=February 2015 |website=ICC Situations and Cases |publisher=International Criminal Court |accessdate=March 4, 2016 |quote= |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150433/https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200205/Pages/situation%20icc-0205.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

==Photo gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
Louvain1915.jpg|The destroyed Belgian city of [[Leuven]] in 1915 by German occupation troops
British 55th Division gas casualties 10 April 1918.jpg|British troops blinded by poison gas during the [[Battle of Estaires]]
Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg|[[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] soldiers bury [[China|Chinese]] [[civilian]] prisoners alive during the [[Nanjing Massacre]]
Zniszczenia1939 0.jpg|[[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]] destroyed this [[Poland|Polish]] city, including civilian buildings
Katyn Massacre - Mass Graves 2.jpg|Mass grave of Polish officers killed in the [[Katyn massacre|massacre at Katyn Forest]]
Seamen at Kaneohe NAS decorate graves of Pearl Harbor victims.jpg|Seamen at Kaneohe Naval Air Station decorate the graves of their fellow neutral sailors killed at Pearl Harbor
Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1993-020-26A,_Lidice,_Ort_nach_Zerstörung.jpg|[[Lidice massacre]] in 1942 after its destruction by the Nazis
Va006869.jpg|Bits of tattered clothing, sandals and slippers are examined by Vietnamese women who lost relatives in the 1968 [[Massacre at Huế|Huế massacre]]
Sardashtchemic.jpg|Iranian victims of the Iraqi chemical attack on Sardasht
Darfur IDPs children sitting.jpg|A [[Sudan]]ese family sitting in a refugee camp
ICC member states.svg|Some countries (red on this map) have not agreed to be part of the ICC.  This makes it harder for the ICC to punish war crimes in those countries
</gallery>

==Related pages==
* [[Crimes against humanity]]
* [[Geneva Conventions]]
* [[Hague Convention]]
* [[Command responsibility]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{International criminal law}}
{{substantive human rights}}

[[Category:War crimes| ]]