View source for User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hypertriglyceridemia

{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Hypertriglyceridemia
| synonym         = 
| image           = Fat triglyceride shorthand formula.svg
| alt             = 
| caption         = [[Triglyceride]], which cause hypertriglyceridemia at high level
| pronounce       = 
| field           = [[Endocrinology]]
| symptoms        = Usually none<ref name=NIH2020/>
| complications   = [[Cardiovascular disease]], [[pancreatitis]]<ref name=Par2019/>
| onset           = 
| duration        = 
| types           = 
| causes          = 
| risks           = [[Obesity]], [[diabetes]], genetics, [[metabolic syndrome]], alcohol<ref name=Par2019/>
| diagnosis       = Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)<ref name=Par2019/>
| differential    = 
| prevention      = 
| treatment       = Not drinking alcohol, weight loss, avoiding simple carbohydrates, controlling blood sugar<ref name=Par2019/>
| medication      = [[Fibrate|Fibrates]], [[omega-3 fatty acids]], [[insulin]]<ref name=Par2019/><ref name=Raw2018/>
| prognosis       = 
| frequency       = ~30% (USA)<ref name=Stat2020/>
| deaths          = 
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Hypertriglyceridemia''' is high (''hyper-'') blood levels (''-emia'') of [[triglyceride]]s.<ref name=NIH2020>{{cite web |title=High Blood Triglycerides {{!}} NHLBI, NIH |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-triglycerides |website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov |accessdate=5 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009071042/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-triglycerides |url-status=live }}</ref> High triglycerides itself is usually symptomless, although high levels may be associated with skin lesions known as ''[[xanthoma]]s''.<ref name=NIH2020/> Complications may include [[cardiovascular disease]] and [[pancreatitis]].<ref name=Par2019/> Generally only severe disease results in pancreatitis.<ref name=Par2019/> High triglycerides may occur alone or with other [[dyslipidemia|lipid disorders]].

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
Most cases result from a combination of factors.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Karanchi |first1=H |last2=Muppidi |first2=V |last3=Wyne |first3=K |title=Hypertriglyceridemia |date=January 2020 |pmid=29083756}}</ref> Common risk factors include [[obesity]], [[diabetes]], genetics, and [[metabolic syndrome]].<ref name=Par2019/> Other risks include alcohol, [[hypothyroidism]], kidney problems, [[lupus]], and certain medications such as [[protease inhibitors]] and [[birth control pills]].<ref name=Par2019/><ref name=Stat2020/> Diagnosis is based on fasting triglycerides of greater than than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L).<ref name=Par2019/> Moderate disease is 150 to 1,000 mg/dL (1.7 to 11.4 mmol/L) while severe disease is greater than 1,000 mg/dL (>11.4 mmol/L).<ref name=Par2019/>

<!-- Treatment and epidemiology -->
Treatment includes not drinking alcohol, weight loss, avoiding simple carbohydrates, and controlling [[blood sugar]].<ref name=Par2019>{{cite journal |last1=Parhofer |first1=KG |last2=Laufs |first2=U |title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia. |journal=Deutsches Arzteblatt international |date=6 December 2019 |volume=116 |issue=49 |pages=825-832 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2019.0825 |pmid=31888796}}</ref> Medications are generally not required, though [[fibrates]] and [[omega-3 fatty acids]] may help.<ref name=Par2019/> In those with pancreatitis due to high triglycerides treatment is with [[intravenous fluids]], [[insulin]], and potentially [[plasmapheresis]].<ref name=Par2019/><ref name=Raw2018>{{cite journal |last1=Rawla |first1=P |last2=Sunkara |first2=T |last3=Thandra |first3=KC |last4=Gaduputi |first4=V |title=Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: updated review of current treatment and preventive strategies. |journal=Clinical journal of gastroenterology |date=December 2018 |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=441-448 |doi=10.1007/s12328-018-0881-1 |pmid=29923163}}</ref> High blood triglycerides affects about 30% of people in the United States and is more common in males and older people.<ref name=Stat2020/> Very high levels affect about 2% of people.<ref name=Stat2020/>
==References==

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