Methane

Methane
Ball and stick model of methane	Spacefill model of methane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Methane
	Systematic IUPAC name Carbane (never recommended)
	Other names Marsh gas; Natural gas; Carbon tetrahydride; Hydrogen carbide;
Identifiers
CAS Number	74-82-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
3DMet	B01453;
Beilstein Reference	1718732
ChEBI	CHEBI:16183 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL17564 ;
ChemSpider	291 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.739
EC Number	200-812-7;
Gmelin Reference	59
KEGG	C01438?;
MeSH	Methane
PubChem CID	297;
RTECS number	PA1490000;
UN number	1971
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8025545 ;
	SMILES C;
Properties
Chemical formula	CH4
Molar mass	16.04 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Odorless
Density	0.657 g·L−1 (gas, 25 °C, 1 atm); 0.717 g·L−1 (gas, 0 °C, 1 atm); 422.62 g·L−1 (liquid, −162 °C);
Melting point	−182.5 °C; −296.4 °F; 90.7 K
Boiling point	−161.50 °C; −258.70 °F; 111.65 K
Solubility in water	22.7 mg·L−1
Solubility	Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, methanol, acetone and insoluble in water
log P	1.09
kH	14 nmol·Pa−1·kg−1
Conjugate acid	Methanium
Conjugate base	Methyl anion
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−12.2×10−6 cm3·mol−1
Structure
Point group	Td
Molecular shape	Tetrahedron
Dipole moment	0 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	−74.87 kJ·mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion ΔcHo298	−891.1 to −890.3 kJ·mol−1
Standard molar; entropy So298	186.25 J·(K·mol)−1
Specific heat capacity, C	35.69 J·(K·mol)−1
Hazards
	4 2 0
Explosive limits	4.4–17%
Related compounds
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	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

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Methane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C H
₄. It is an alkane with one carbon atom. It is often found as the main part of natural gas. Methane is a greenhouse gas^[5]^[6] 23 times more effective than carbon dioxide. It is also less stable and slowly oxidates by oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

Uses

Methane is used in gas taps in places such as kitchens, chemistry classrooms, laboratories, etc. as it burns very easily because of its simple molecular structure.

Molecular structure

Methane's molecular structure is very simple. It is a single carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.

Production

Methane can be made by many chemical ways, but usually is found in natural gas and is obtained by fractional distillation, after it has become liquid.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. pp. 3–4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Methane is a retained name (see P-12.3) that is preferred to the systematic name 'carbane', a name never recommended to replace methane, but used to derive the names 'carbene' and 'carbyne' for the radicals H₂C^2• and HC^3•, respectively.
↑ "Gas Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
↑ Pubchem. "Methane". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
↑ NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV. "METHANE". noaa.gov.
↑ White House Unveils Plans to Cut Methane Emissions March 28, 2014 New York Times
↑ Brad Plumer (December 12, 2016). "Methane levels in the atmosphere are now rising at their fastest pace in decades; It's a big problem for climate change". Vox.com. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

[iupac2013-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. pp. 3–4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Methane is a retained name (see P-12.3) that is preferred to the systematic name 'carbane', a name never recommended to replace methane, but used to derive the names 'carbene' and 'carbyne' for the radicals H₂C^2• and HC^3•, respectively.

[airliquide-2] "Gas Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2013.

[3] Pubchem. "Methane". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

[4] NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV. "METHANE". noaa.gov.

[5] White House Unveils Plans to Cut Methane Emissions March 28, 2014 New York Times

[6] Brad Plumer (December 12, 2016). "Methane levels in the atmosphere are now rising at their fastest pace in decades; It's a big problem for climate change". Vox.com. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

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