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Line 2: '''Leonard Bernstein''' (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an [[Americans\|American]] [[composer]] and [[Conductor (music)\|conductor]]. He was born Louis Bernstein in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]] to [[Ukraine\|Ukrainian]] [[Jew]]ish parents. He is best known for conducting the [[New York Philharmonic]] and composing ''[[West Side Story]]'' and ''[[Candide]]''. [[File:1943 Nov 14 NYPhil Bernstein.jpg\|thumb\|Concert program of Bernstein's first concert.]] Although he had a wife, scholars agree that Bernstein was [[Gay man\|gay]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Who was Leonard Bernstein? Exploring the man behind the ‘Maestro’, Bradley Cooper’s new musical biopic\|url=https://www.classicfm.com/composers/bernstein-l/leonard-biography-compositions-family-wife/\|access-date=2024-05-24\|website=Classic FM\|language=en}}</ref> Bernstein was [[bisexual]]. He was a heavy [[smoking\|smoker]] who had [[emphysema]]. He died of a [[heart attack]] in [[New York City]].▼ ▲~~Bernstein was [[bisexual]].~~ He was a heavy [[smoking\|smoker]] who had [[emphysema]]. He died of a [[heart attack]] in [[New York City]]. == Education == In 1935, Bernstein studied music at [[Harvard University\|Harvard]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Predota\|first=Georg\|date=2023-08-24\|title=On This Day 25 August: Lenny Bernstein Was Born\|url=https://interlude.hk/on-this-day-25-august-lenny-bernstein-was-born/\|access-date=2024-05-24\|language=en-US}}</ref> He met [[Aaron Copland]] as a student at Harvard. He [[graduated]] in 1939, [[cum laude]]. Next, Bernstein studied at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]]. During this time, he studied [[conducting]] with [[Serge Koussevitzky]], the conductor of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]]. Bernstein graduated with a [[diploma]] in conducting from Curtis in 1941.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Leonard Bernstein: the Harvard years, 1935 - 1939\|url=https://archive.org/details/leonardbernstein0000unse_q9y6\|date=1999\|isbn=978-0-9648083-4-8\|editor-last=Swan\|editor-first=Claudia\|location=New York\|editor-last2=Eos Orchestra}}</ref> == New York Philharmonic == In September of 1943, Bernstein became the assistant [[Conductor (music)\|conductor]] of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. He was 25 years old. This is very young for the job. On November 19, 1943, [[Bruno Walter]], was sick and couldn't conduct. Bernstein then conducted the [[New York Philharmonic]] without [[Rehearsal\|practicing]] first.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Leonard Bernstein: A Carnegie Hall Icon\|url=https://www.carnegiehall.org/About/History/Carnegie-Hall-Icons/Leonard-Bernstein\|url-status=dead\|access-date=2024-05-24\|website=www.carnegiehall.org\|archive-date=2023-06-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602205131/https://www.carnegiehall.org/About/History/Carnegie-Hall-Icons/Leonard-Bernstein}}</ref> His first concert was very well liked. The next day, it was the front page story in the [[The New York Times\|New York Times]]. Many other [[Newspaper\|newspapers]] across the country [[Publishing\|published]] the story. The concert was [[Broadcasting\|broadcast]] on the radio. He became [[Celebrity\|famous]]. He became the first [[Americans\|American-born]], American-trained conductor to be internationally famous. This was during time when conductors [[traditionally]] came from [[Europe]]. == Influences == Bernstein stated that composers like [[Aaron Copland]], [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]], [[George Gershwin]], [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Kurt Weill]], [[Sergei Koussevitzky]], [[Randall Thompson]], [[Cole Porter]], [[Jerome Kern]] and [[Robert Schumann]] were his influences. ==References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.leonardbernstein.com/about.html Official website] {{authority control}} {{US-bio-stub}} Line 13 ⟶ 33: [[Category:1918 births]] [[Category:1990 deaths]] [[Category:20th -century American composers]] [[Category:American composers]]▼ [[Category:American conductors]] [[Category:American movie score composers]] [[Category:Bisexual Jews]] ~~[[Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City]]~~ [[Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction]] [[Category:Entertainers from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Grammy Award winners]] ▲[[Category:Jewish American ~~composers~~LGBT people]] [[Category:Jewish American musicians]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:LGBT musicians]] [[Category:LGBT people from Massachusetts]] [[Category:People from Lawrence, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Tony Award winners]]