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[[File:Leonard Bernstein by Jack Mitchell.jpg|230px|thumb|Leonard Bernstein by [[Jack Mitchell (photographer)|Jack Mitchell]]]]
'''Leonard Bernstein''' (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an [[Americans|American]] [[composer]] and [[Conductor (music)|conductor]]. He was born Louis Bernstein in [[Lawrence, Massachusetts]] to [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Jew]]ish parents. He is best known for conducting the [[New York Philharmonic]] and composing ''[[West Side Story]]'' and ''[[Candide]]''.
[[File:1943 Nov 14 NYPhil Bernstein.jpg|thumb|Concert program of Bernstein's first concert.]]
Although he had a wife, scholars agree that Bernstein was [[Gay man|gay]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who was Leonard Bernstein? Exploring the man behind the ‘Maestro’, Bradley Cooper’s new musical biopic|url=https://www.classicfm.com/composers/bernstein-l/leonard-biography-compositions-family-wife/|access-date=2024-05-24|website=Classic FM|language=en}}</ref>
He was a heavy [[smoking|smoker]] who had [[emphysema]]. He died of a [[heart attack]] in [[New York City]].
== Education ==
In 1935, Bernstein studied music at [[Harvard University|Harvard]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Predota|first=Georg|date=2023-08-24|title=On This Day 25 August: Lenny Bernstein Was Born|url=https://interlude.hk/on-this-day-25-august-lenny-bernstein-was-born/|access-date=2024-05-24|language=en-US}}</ref> He met [[Aaron Copland]] as a student at Harvard. He [[graduated]] in 1939, [[cum laude]].
Next, Bernstein studied at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]]. During this time, he studied [[conducting]] with [[Serge Koussevitzky]], the conductor of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]]. Bernstein graduated with a [[diploma]] in conducting from Curtis in 1941.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Leonard Bernstein: the Harvard years, 1935 - 1939|url=https://archive.org/details/leonardbernstein0000unse_q9y6|date=1999|isbn=978-0-9648083-4-8|editor-last=Swan|editor-first=Claudia|location=New York|editor-last2=Eos Orchestra}}</ref>
== New York Philharmonic ==
In September of 1943, Bernstein became the assistant [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. He was 25 years old. This is very young for the job. On November 19, 1943, [[Bruno Walter]], was sick and couldn't conduct. Bernstein then conducted the [[New York Philharmonic]] without [[Rehearsal|practicing]] first.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonard Bernstein: A Carnegie Hall Icon|url=https://www.carnegiehall.org/About/History/Carnegie-Hall-Icons/Leonard-Bernstein|url-status=dead|access-date=2024-05-24|website=www.carnegiehall.org|archive-date=2023-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602205131/https://www.carnegiehall.org/About/History/Carnegie-Hall-Icons/Leonard-Bernstein}}</ref>
His first concert was very well liked. The next day, it was the front page story in the [[The New York Times|New York Times]]. Many other [[Newspaper|newspapers]] across the country [[Publishing|published]] the story. The concert was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] on the radio. He became [[Celebrity|famous]]. He became the first [[Americans|American-born]], American-trained conductor to be internationally famous. This was during time when conductors [[traditionally]] came from [[Europe]].
== Influences ==
Bernstein stated that composers like [[Aaron Copland]], [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]], [[George Gershwin]], [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Kurt Weill]], [[Sergei Koussevitzky]], [[Randall Thompson]], [[Cole Porter]], [[Jerome Kern]] and [[Robert Schumann]] were his influences.
==References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [http://www.leonardbernstein.com/about.html Official website]
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[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:20th
[[Category:American composers]]▼
[[Category:American conductors]]
[[Category:American movie score composers]]
[[Category:Bisexual Jews]]
[[Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Jewish American musicians]]
[[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]]
[[Category:LGBT musicians]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from Lawrence, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
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