Knjiga mrtvih
Za ostala značenja, vidi Knjiga mrtvih (razvrstavanje).
Knjiga mrtvih je uobičajeno ime za drevni egipatski pogrebni tekst poznat kao Knjiga dolaska [ili Odlaska ]kroz dan. Knjiga mrtvih je predstavlja opis drevnog egipatskog koncepta zagrobnog života, odnosno zbirku himni, čarolija i uputa pomoću kojih su pokojnici mogli prolaziti kroz poteškoće u zagrobnom životu. Knjiga mrtvih se najčešće pisala na svicima papirusa te smještala u mrtvačke sanduke ili grobnice pokojnika.[1]
Naziv "Knjiga mrtvih" je izmislio njemački egiptolog Karl Richard Lepsius, kada je izdao zbirku tekstova godine 1842. Kada je prvi put otkrivena, za Knjigu mrtvih se smatralo da predstavljala drevni egipatski ekvivalent Biblije. Međutim, za razliku od Biblije, Knjiga mrtvih ne postavlja vjerska načela a drevni Egipćani je nisu smatrali proizvodom božanske objave, pa se stoga njen sadržaj mijenjao kroz vrijeme. Knjiga mrtvih bila je proizvod dugog procesa evolucije od Piramidskih tekstova Starog kraljevstva do Tekstova lijesova iz Srednjeg egipatskog kraljevstva. Oko trećina poglavlja u Knjizi mrtvih je tako prepisano iz Tekstova lijesova.[2] Knjiga mrtvih je u kasnijem periodu prerađena u Knjigu disanja, ali je ostala popularna sve do rimskog doba.
- ↑ "Feature story: The Book of the Dead" by Caroline Seawright
- ↑ Goelet, Ogden (1998). A Commentary on the Corpus of Literature and Tradition which constitutes the Book of Going Forth By Day. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. str. 139-170.
- Thomas George Allen, The Egyptian Book of the Dead: Documents in the Oriental Institute Museum at the University of Chicago, Thomas George Allen, (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), c 1960.
- Thomas George Allen, The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day. Ideas of the Ancient Egyptians Concerning the Hereafter as Expressed in Their Own Terms, Thomas George Allen, (SAOC vol. 37; University of Chicago Press, Chicago), c 1974.
- E. A. Wallis Budge, The Egyptian Book of the Dead,(The Papyrus of Ani), Egyptian Text, Transliteration, and Translation, E.A.Wallis Budge, (Dover (Note: 240 pages of running hieroglyphic text. NB: Budge's translations and transliterations are extremely outdated and are not generally cited by modern Egyptologists)
- Raymond O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, translated by Raymond Faulkner, edited by Carol Andrews (University of Texas Press, Austin), c 1972.
- Raymond O. Faulkner, The Egyptian Book of the Dead, The Book of Going forth by Day. The First Authentic Presentation of the Complete Papyrus of Ani translated by Raymond Faulkner, edited by Eva von Dassow, with contributions by Carol Andrews and Ogden Goelet (Chronicle Books, San Francisco), c 1994.
- Gunther Lapp, The Papyrus of Nu (Catalogue of Books of the Dead in the British Museum), by Gunther Lapp, (British Museum Press, London), c 1997.
- Andrzej Niwinski, Studies on the Illustrated Theban Funerary Papyri of the 11th and 10th Centuries B.C., by Andrzej Niwinski, (OBO vol. 86; Universitätsverlag, Freiburg), c 1989.
- Egyptian Book of the Dead
- Budge, E. A. Wallis, "Book of the Dead, The Papyrus of Ani".
- Online Readable Text, with several images and reproductions of Egyptian papyri
- The possible origin of the Ten Commandments Arhivirano 2007-07-01 na Wayback Machine-u