See soorce fer William Wallace

{{Short description|Scots knicht an heid feegure in the First War o Scots Unthrildom}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=Sir|name=William Wallace|image=Wallace Monument 20080505 Stained glass William Wallace.jpg|caption=Depiction o Wallace in a stained gless windae in the Wallace Monument|office=Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland<br />{{nobold|(Second Interregnum)}}|term_start=1297|term_end=1298|alongside=|predecessor=[[John Balliol]] (as King of the Scots)|successor={{plainlist | 
* [[Robert the Bruce]] 
* John Comyn}}|birth_date={{circa|lk=no|1270}}|birth_place=[[Elderslie]], Renfrewshire, [[Kinrick o Scotland]]|death_date=23 August 1305 (aged {{c.|lk=no|35}})|death_place=Smithfield, Lunnon, Kinrick o Ingland|death_cause=[[#Capture and execution|Hanged, drawn an quartert]]|resting_place=Lunnon, in an unmerked grave|nationality=Scots|spouse=Marion Braidfute<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wallace.scran.ac.uk/man_and_myth/ |title=Info |publisher=wallace.scran.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=12 June 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516061112/http://wallace.scran.ac.uk/man_and_myth/ |url-status=dead|lang=en }}</ref> (disputed)|father={{#ifexist:Alan le Wallace|Alan Wallace}}|children=''None recorded''|alma_mater=|occupation=Military leader|signature=<!--Military service-->|nickname=|allegiance={{flagu|Kinrick o Scotland}}|branch=|serviceyears=1297–1305|rank=Commander|commands=|battles={{tree list}}
* [[First War o Scots Unthirldom]]
**Action at Lanark
**Raid on Scone
**[[Battle o Stirlin Brig]]
**[[Battle o Fawkirk]]
**Battle of Happrew{{tree list/end}}}}Sir '''William Wallace''' ({{lang-gd|Uilleam Uallas}}, {{IPA-gd|ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪|pron}}; [[Anglo-Norman language|Norman French]]: {{lang|xno|William le Waleys}};<ref name=":12">{{cite book|last=Stevenson|first=Joseph|url=https://archive.org/details/documentsillust00clubgoog|title=Documents illustrative of Sir William Wallace: his life and times|date=1841|publisher=Printed for the Maitland club|page=[https://archive.org/details/documentsillust00clubgoog/page/n231 173]|language=en|access-date=1 September 2013|via=[[New York Public Library]] and [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> {{circa|1270}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634784/Sir-William-Wallace|title=Sir William Wallace, Scottish hero|encyclopedia=Britannica.com|access-date=18 April 2015}}{{En}}</ref>{{spnd}}23 August 1305) wis the leader o the Scots airmy agin the Inglis fur the first pairt o the [[Scots Weirs for Unthirldom]] an wis the Gairdian o Scotland frae 1297 til 1298.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - William Wallace|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wallace_william.shtml|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wallace wis born in [[Elderslie]], [[Renfrewshire]] an wis eddicate at some time in his airly years at the Heich Schuil o [[Dundee]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=FDCA - William Wallace and Dundee|url=http://www.fdca.org.uk/William_Wallace.html|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.fdca.org.uk|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118155620/https://fdca.org.uk/William_Wallace.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some soorces propones his faither wis cawed Malcolm an ithers at his faither's name wis Alan. Wallace is thocht tae hae haed twa brithers whas names wis John an Malcom.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71165699|title=The Wallace book|date=2007|publisher=John Donald|others=Edward J. Cowan|isbn=978-0-85976-652-4|location=Edinburgh|pages=53|language=en|oclc=71165699}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71165699|title=The Wallace book|date=2007|publisher=John Donald|others=Edward J. Cowan|isbn=978-0-85976-652-4|location=Edinburgh|pages=91-2|language=en|oclc=71165699}}</ref>

Alang wi [[Andrew Moray]], Wallace defeatit an Inglis airmy at the [[Battle o Stirlin Brig]] in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the [[Battle o Fawkirk]] in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near [[Glasgow]], and handed over to King [[Edward I o Ingland]], who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Wallace {{!}} Biography, Braveheart, Death, Sword, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Wallace|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> He wis begowkit syne execute by the Inglis laird King [[Keeng Edward I|Edward I]]. Sir William Wallace wis kilt by raxin, drawin, an quarterin.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Traquair|first=Peter|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40072790|title=Freedom's sword|date=1998|publisher=Roberts Rinehart Publishers|isbn=1-57098-247-3|location=Niwot, Colo.|pages=124|oclc=40072790}}</ref>

Efter his deeth, Wallace haes been gien a legendary status faur ayont his hameland. He is the protagonist o [[Blind Harry]]'s 15th-yearhunner epic poem ''The Wallace'' an the subject o literary wirks bi Jane Porter an Sir [[Walter Scott]], an fae the Academy Award-winning film ''[[Braveheart]]''.

== Backgrund ==
[[File:WallaceSeal.png|left|thumb|Personal seal of Sir William Wallace, found on a letter written on 11 October 1297, to the mayor of Lübeck, Germany]]
William Wallace wis a memmer o the lesser nobility, but no a lot is defo kent aboot his history, his faimlie or even his parentage. William's ain seal, fund on a letter sent tae the Hanse city of Lübeck in 1297,<ref>[http://www.ln-online.de/regional/luebeck/2854120/L%26uuml%3Bbecks_Stadtarchiv_h%26uuml%3Btet_Schottlands_%84Braveheart%93-Schatz.htm][[Lübecker Nachrichten]]<span>, 21. September 2010: The document is still kept in the cities archives</span>{{dead link|date=March 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> gies his faither's name as Alan Wallace.<ref>Duncan, "William, son of Alan Wallace" {{En}}, pp. 47–50; Grant, "Bravehearts and Coronets", p. 91.</ref><ref>[http://www.scottisharchivesforschools.org/WarsOfIndependence/LubeckLetter.asp The Scottish Wars of Independence: The Lübeck Letter] at the National Archives of Scotland website {{En}}</ref> This Alan Wallace micht be the same yin listit in the 1296 Ragman Rolls as a crown tenant in [[Ayrshire]], but thare isnae ony extrae confirmation.<ref>Watson, "Sir William Wallace", p. 27; Duncan, "William, son of Alan Wallace", pp. 51–53; Grant, "Bravehearts and Coronets", pp. 90–93.</ref> Ithers have thocht this Alan haudit an Ellerslie, near [[Kilmarnock]], Ayrshire, an gin this is true, the estate coud be a possible birthplace for William; tho thare isnae a record o Wallaces' haudin the estate, in the mid 13t yearhunner. [[Blind Harry]]'s late-15th-yearhunner poem offers an alternate father for William, a Sir Malcolm o Elderslie, in [[Renfrewshire]]; an haes itsel gien rise tae a possible birthplace for William an aw.<ref name="traquair">Traquair, Peter ''Freedom's Sword'' p. 62</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sir William Wallace Of Elderslie|url=http://www.thesocietyofwilliamwallace.com/williamwallaceofelderslie.htm|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2015|publisher=Thesocietyofwilliamwallace.com|language=en}}</ref> Thare isnae contemporary evidence linkin him tae aither airt, awtho baith areas haed connections wi the wider Wallace faimile.<ref>Watson, "Sir William Wallace", p. 27; Grant, "Bravehearts and Coronets", pp. 90–91.</ref> Records shaw early memmers o the family as haudin estates at Riccarton, [[Tarbolton]], Auchincruive in Kyle and Stenton in [[East Lothian]].<ref>Barrow, ''Kingdom of the Scots'', pp. 324–325.</ref> Thay war vassals o James Stewart, 5th High Steward o Scotland as their lands fell ben his territory. It haes been claimed that Wallace's brothers Malcolm an John are kent fae ither soorces, but thare isnae ony verifiable evidence for John’s relationship wi William.<ref>Duncan, "William, son of Alan Wallace", p. 53; Grant, "Bravehearts and Coronets", pp. 91–92.</ref>

The origins o the Wallace surname an its association wi the soothwast o Scotland are far frae certain an aw, ither nor the name bein taen frae the [[Auld Inglis]] ''wylisc'' (pronoonced "wullish"), meanin "foreigner" or "Welshman".<ref>{{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Tom|title=The Oxford Companion to the English Language|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00mcar|date=1992|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00mcar/page/n1156 1105]|language=en}}</ref> It is possible thit aw the Wallaces in the [[River Clyde|Clyde]] area war medieval immigrants fraw Wales, but as the term wis uised for the Cumbric-tawkin Strathclyde kingdom o the Celtic Britons an aw, it seems juist as likely thit the surname refers tae fowk thit war seen as "Welsh" due tae thair [[Cumbric leid]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Black|first=George Fraser|title=The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History|date=1943|publisher=[[New York Public Library]]|page=799|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Old North">{{cite web|date=14 May 2020|title=The Old North or Yr Hen Ogledd|url=https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/the-old-north-or-yr-hen-ogledd/|url-status=dead|access-date=23 May 2020|website=The Great Courses Daily|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204163631/https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/the-old-north-or-yr-hen-ogledd/}}</ref> A faimlie tradeetion states Wallace wis descendit frae the sister o Saint Patrick, thit wad reinforce the Welsh origin theory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kells Family History|url=https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/23475-kells-family-history?offset=|url-status=live|access-date=2023-05-15|website=www.familysearch.org|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:William Wallace Statue , Aberdeen2.jpg|thumb|William Wallace statue, [[Aiberdeen]].]]
[[File:Wfm wallace monument.jpg|right|thumb|Wallace Moniment naur [[Stirlin]].]]

==See an aa==
*''[[Braveheart]]''

== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wallace, William}}
[[Category:Scots fowk]]
[[Category:History o Scotland]]
[[Category:1305 daiths]]


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