See soorce fer Glesga

{{Infobox UK place
|official_name           = Glesga<!--General consensus is Glesga, nae Glesca or Glesgae, please discuss on the collogue page afore chyngin-->
|gaelic_name             = Glaschu
|settlement_type         = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]]
|country                 = Scotland
|static_image_name       = Glasgow Montage.png
|image_skyline           = Glasgow Montage.png
|static_image_caption    = Clockwise frae tap-left: View of [[Glesga Science Centre]], Duke o Wellington statue ootside [[Gallery o Moadern Airt]], [[Ryal Exchange Squerr]], ceetyscape view frae [[The Lighthouse, Glesga|The Lighthouse]], Gilbert Scott Biggin o [[Varsity o Glesga]], [[Finnieston Crane]], [[Glesga Ceety Chambers]]
|static_image_2_name     = Glasgow Coat of Arms.png
|static_image_2_caption  = Glasgow Coat o Airms
|static_image_2_width    = 130px
|map_type                = Scotland
|population              = 596,550
|population_ref          = (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/mid-2013/mid-2013-pop-est.pdf|title=Mid-2013 Population Estimates Scotland|publisher=gro-scotland.gov.uk|accessdate=7 July 2014|lang=en-gb|archive-date=2014-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717111547/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/mid-2013/mid-2013-pop-est.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|statistic1              = 1,750,000
|statistic_title1        = Urban<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E3BE21DA-4D84-4CC4-9C02-2E526FDD9169/0/populationaug07.pdf |title=2007 Population Estimates |accessdate=16 January 2008 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227084144/http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E3BE21DA-4D84-4CC4-9C02-2E526FDD9169/0/populationaug07.pdf |archivedate=2008-02-27 |lang=en-gb |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|statistic2              = Est. 2,850,000
|statistic_title2        = [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}
|population_density      = {{nowrap|{{convert|8541.8|/sqmi|/km2|abbr=on}} }} <!--578790 people/67.76sq mi=8541.76 -->
|os_grid_reference       = NS590655
|edinburgh_distance_mi   = 49
|london_distance_mi      = 352
|language                = [[Scots Inglis|Inglis]], [[Scots leid|Scots]], [[Scots Gaelic]]
|population_demonym      = 
|area_footnotes          = <ref name=infoboxarea>{{cite web |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/analyser/analyser?topicId=1&tableId=UV02&tableName=Population+density&selectedTopicId=&aggregated=false&subject=&tableNumber=&selectedLevelId=&postcode=&areaText=&RADIOLAYER=&actionName=view-results&clearAreas=&stateData1=&stateData2=&stateData3=&stateData4=&debug=&tempData1=&tempData2=&tempData3=&tempData4=&areaId=17&levelId=1 |title=Analyser UV02 |accessdate=4 August 2007 |lang=en-gb |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155430/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/analyser/analyser?topicId=1&tableId=UV02&tableName=Population+density&selectedTopicId=&aggregated=false&subject=&tableNumber=&selectedLevelId=&postcode=&areaText=&RADIOLAYER=&actionName=view-results&clearAreas=&stateData1=&stateData2=&stateData3=&stateData4=&debug=&tempData1=&tempData2=&tempData3=&tempData4=&areaId=17&levelId=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|area_total_km2         = 175.5
| coordinates             = {{coord|55|51|28.8|N|4|15|32.4|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
|post_town              = GLASGOW
|postcode_area          = G
|postcode_district      = G1–G80
|dial_code              = 0141
|blank4_name             = 
|blank4_info             = 
|website                 = [http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/ www.glasgow.gov.uk]
}}
'''Glesga'''<!--General consensus is Glesga, nae Glesca or Glesgae, please discuss on the collogue page afore chyngin--> ({{lang-en|Glasgow}}; {{lang-gd|Glaschu}}) is [[Scotland]]'s lairgest ceetie an the third lairgest ceetie o the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It is fund on the [[River Clyde]] in the wast-mids o Scotland. Fowk in the wast o Scotland ken it as Glesga or '''Glesca'''<ref name="CSD">{{cite book |title= The Concise Scots Dictionary |last= Robinson |first= Mairi |year=1985 |publisher=Aberdeen University Press |location= Aberdeen |isbn=0-08-028492-2 |pages=236 |lang=en-gb}}</ref> an folk fae the east maistly caw it Glesga or '''Glasgae'''.

== The ceetie ==
The Ceetie o Glesga is kent as the caipital o commerce fur Scotland. It's a awfy thrang cosmopolitan [[Europe]]an ceetie. It haes a population o 1,700,000 fowk, doun fae its 1960s heichness o 2.1 million, this's maistly doon tae owerskail o fowks intil new touns lik [[East Kilbride|East Kirkbride]] an [[Cummernaud]].

=== Name o the ceetie ===
The name o the ceetie comes fae ''glas cöü'' in the [[Cumbric leid]] (an auld Brythonic [[celtic leids|celtic leid]].) The modren name fur the ceetie in [[Scots Gaelic leid|Gaelic]] ''Glaschu'', meanin "grein howe" or "dear grein steid" whit haes bein aftin misquotit as a Gaelic owersettin fur the ceetie, but this wis actually [[Daniel Defoe]]'s ootlinin o the ceetie whan he came in e 18th century; he haed quo thit Glesga wis "''the cleanest and beautifullest, and best built City in Britain, [[Lunnon|London]] excepted''" an aw. At that time, the ceetie wis biggit wi gey attractive, compact widden biggins, nane o thaim ur staundin, still. Glesga is the thrid maist popular tourist destination in the UK ahint [[Lunnon]] an [[Edinburgh]] an it haes Britain's seicont maistmuckle shoppin centre.

== Coat o airms ==
The [[coat o airms]] shaws Glesga's [[patron saunt]], Saunt Kentigern, kent as [[Saunt Mungo]] forby, an it his fower emblems - a bird, a tree, a bull, an a fish. The emblems represents [[Saunt Mungo#Miracles|miracles]] Saunt Mungo is said tae hae performt. The motto o the ceetie is ''"Let Glasgow Flourish"'' an this is pairt o the airms. The motto comes fae Saunt Mungo's oreiginal sermon: ''"Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word and the praising of thy name"''. The oríginal version is written on a bell shapit in 1637 thit says "Lord let Glasgow flovrichse throvgh the preaching of thy word and praising thy name".

Local bairns is taucht tae mynd the airms uisin the follaein verse:
<poem>::::''Here's the bird that never flew''
::::''Here's the tree that never grew''
::::''Here's the bell that never rang''
::::''Here's the fish that never swam''</poem>

The motto wis o shortsyne mynt in a sang caw'd "Mother Glasgow" bi [[Michael Marra]], an forby recordit bi [[Hue and Cry]], a ''muisic curn'' o Glesga orígin.

== History ==
=== Foondin o the ceetie ===
Glesga wis the steid o monie communities fur hunners o years afore Christ, wi the [[River Clyde]] providin a guid settin fur fishin.  The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] aftentimes bug ootposts in ða airt an, tae haud Roman [[Britannia]] apairt fae the [[Celt]]ic an [[Pecht]] [[Caledonia]], bug the [[Antonine Waw]], thit can be seen in Glesga the day.

Glesga itsel wis foondit bi the [[Christian]] [[meesionar]] Saunt Mungo in the 6t century. He foondit a kirk on the [[Molendinar Burn]], whaur the [[Glasgow Cathedral]] nou staunds, an in the eftergangin years Glesga becam a releegious centre.

=== Glesga Cathedral ===
[[File:Wfm glasgow cathedral.jpg|thumb]]
Bi the 12t century Glesga haed been gien the staundin o whit can nou be cawed a ceetie an the cathedral wis the saite o the [[Bishops an Archbishops o Glesga]]. While thare micht hae been widden biggins on the site, the first stane cathedral wis consecrate in aboot 1136 an gotten rid o fur a muckler ane that wis consecrate in 1197. Ootjets an alterins tae the cathedral biggins haes gaen on sin syne. The maist recent addition is the Millenium Windae unveiled on 3 Juin 1999 bi [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]].

=== Varsitie o Glesga ===
[[File:Wfm glasgow university library.jpg|thumb|left]]
In 1451, the [[Glesga University|Varsitie o Glesga]] wis foondit bi [[papal bull]] an estaiblisht in relígious biggins in the precincts o Glesga Cathedral. Bi the stairt o the 16t century, Glesga haed turnt intae an important relígious an academic ceetie an bi the 17t century the varsitie haed flittit fae the cathedral precincts til its ain biggin in the Hie Street.

=== Industrie an the Industrial Revolution ===

Bi the 16t yearhunner, the ceety's treds begoud tae wald signíficant influence an the ceetie haed turnt intae an important centre o troke wi the Clyde giein access tae the ceetie an the lave o Scotland fur merchand shippin. The ingate intil the Atlantic Ocean alloued the inbringin o American [[tobacca]] an Caribbean [[succar]], thit wis than tredit athort the Brítish Isles an continental Europe.

The de-siltin o the Clyde in the 1770s alloued lairger ships tae muive faurer up the river, thus layin the foonds fur industrie an shipbiggin in Glesga in the 19t yearhunner.

The rowth o [[coal]] an [[iron]] in [[Lanrickshire]] led tae Glesga becomin an industrial ceetie — in the hinder end cawed "The [[Seicont ceety|Seicont ceetie]] o the Empire". [[Cotton]] factories an textile mills made employers o monie fowk in Glesga an the local airt.

Troke alloued muckle walth tae be generatit fur some fowk in the ceetie. The merchands makkit spectacular biggins an monuments thit can be seen the day, still, an reinvestit thair siller in development fur tae help Glesga growe further. In 1893 the burgh wis constitutit as the Coontie o the ceetie o Glesga. Glesga becam ane o the walthiest ceeties in the warld, an pairks, museums an libraries wis aa opened throu this time.

== Gleswegian ==
As weel as bein whit ye caw a bodie fae Glesga, '''Gleswegian''', '''the Patter''', '''the Auld Scotch''' an '''Glesga Scots''' is whit fowk caw the byleid (Wast Midland Scots) uised bi monie fowk in the ceetie an thon airt. Modren anglocentrism an puir media pentin o the byleid (e.g. linkin it wi [[ned]]dism) means thit it is leukit at as a shamefu thing yet ye can airt oot no juist a walth o vocabular but the daurk humour fund in wree turns o phrase thit comes fae a profund common experience.

A Gleswegian in fou speed is haurd tae unnerstaun e'en fur thair níbours in Embro. Glesga an thon airt are yin o the least Scots-speakin airts o Scotland, an has tint mony tradítional kenspeckles that's tae be fund in ither Scots byleids the day. As sic, it has come up wi mony new Scots words an saws that marras chenges gauin on in Glesga an Scots society.<ref name=CSL>{{cite web |title=Glasgow patter series: "The Invisible Language" |url=https://www.scotslanguage.com/Glesca/The_Invisible_Language |website=Centre for the Scots Leid |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> It is kenspeckle in [[Scots literature]] in and outwith Scotland.<ref>Hagan, Anette I. (2002) ''Urban Scots Dialect Writing''. Bern: Lang.</ref>

'''Weegie''' is a [[slang]] word for a bodie or thing that hails fae Glesga an aw. It is maistlins uised in the East coast, particularly in Embro. Awtho it is nae aye the case in the East coast it is thocht by maist Gleswegians an fowk frae the wast-coast tae be awfu offensive.

== Sport ==

=== Fitba ===
[[File:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|Hampden Pairk]]

Glesga's main sport is nae dout [[fitba]] as the ceetie is hame tae Scotland's twa maist muckle fitba teams ([[The Rangers|Rangers Fitba Club]] an [[Celtic Fitba Club]]) as weel as the Scots Naitional Fitba Team's grund, [[Hampden Pairk]]. It is byordinar fur a ceetie thit isnae the caipital tae hae the naitional fitba grund. Thare are wee coars an aw: [[Queen's Park]], thit plays at Hampden Pairk, [[Partick Thistle]], an [[Clyde]].

=== Rugby ===

Glesga haes a rugby team an aw ([[Glesga Warriors]]) thit play in [[Scotstoun]].

===Ither sports===
Glasgow is ane o five places in Scotland thit hauds the final o the Scots Cup o [[Shinty]], kent mair as the [[Camanachd Cup]]. This is ordinar haudit at Auld Anniesland. Ance hame tae numerous Shinty clubs, thare is nou anly ane senior club in Glesga, Glesga Mid-Argyll, as weel as twa varsity sides fae [[Varsity o Strathclyde]] an [[Varsity o Glesga]].

Glesga pit in a [[Glasgow bid for the 2018 Simmer Youth Olympics|bid]] tae haud the [[2018 Simmer Youth Olympics]] but lost tae [[Buenos Aires]] in the 4 Julie 2013 vote.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/buenos-aires-elected-as-host-city-for-2018-youth-olympic-games |title=Buenos Aires elected as Host City for 2018 Youth Olympic Games |website=www.olympic.org |date=4 July 2013 |accessdate=8 September 2020|lang=en-gb}}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Glesga Unnergrund ===
[[File:Glasgow-Subway-Map.png|thumb|right|A cairt o the [[Glesga Subway]].]]

Glesgae haes a símple unnergrund sýstem thit coníst o twa lines gaein aroond a single loop wi sindry staps aboot Glesga.
{{Clear left}}

== Twin touns an sister ceeties ==
Glesga is [[Sister ceeties|twinned]] wi various ceeties.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/article/15944/Twin-Cities |title=Glasgow City Council > More Services > Twin Cities |publisher=Glasgow City Council |website=glasgow.gov.uk |accessdate=31 August 2020 |lang=en-gb |archive-date=2023-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317135912/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/article/15944/Twin-Cities |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg]], Germany, <small>(syne 1985)</small>
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Roushie, <small>(syne 1986)</small>
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Dalian]], Cheenae, <small>(syne 1997)</small>
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Havana]], Cuba, <small>(syne 2002)</small>
||
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Turin]], Italy, <small>(syne 2003)</small><ref name="Turin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|title=International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements|accessdate=2013-08-06|last=Pessotto|first=Lorenzo|work=International Affairs Service  in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico|publisher=City of Torino|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618182559/http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|archivedate=2013-06-18|lang=en-gb|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marseille]], Fraunce, <small>(syne 2006)</small>
*{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Lahore]], Pakistan, <small>(syne 2006)</small><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/hi/news/5057161.html |title=Glasgow 'twinned' with Lahore |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=29 November 2006 |accessdate=12 September 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129165526/http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/hi/news/5057161.html |archivedate=2006-11-29 |lang=en-gb |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Bethlehem]], West Bank, <small>(syne 2007)</small><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12858797.bethlehem-is-citys-latest-twinned-town/ |title=Bethlehem is city’s latest twinned town |work=Evening Times |date=13 April 2007 |accessdate=8 September 2020|lang=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=Bethlehem Municipality |publisher=www.bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 |lang=en-gb |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references/>

{{Commonscat|Glasgow}}

{{Cooncil areas o Scotland}}

[[Category:Glesga| ]]
[[Category:Cooncil areas o Scotland]]
[[Category:Destricts o Scotland]]
[[Category:Lieutenancy areas o Scotland]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 6t century]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Scotland]]
[[Category:Post touns in the G postcode area]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]


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