Table 1.
Excess mortality in 14 European countries
| Country | Pandemic period | Cumulative excess deaths n (%)* | Expected mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | |||
| Finland | 1/1918 | 6/1919** | 24771 (+33) | 74667 |
| England and Wales | 10/1918 | 4/1919 | 153152 (+55) | 280507 |
| Scotland | 10/1918 | 4/1919 | 20879 (+57) | 36699 |
| Denmark | 10/1918 | 4/1919** | 10650 (+58) | 18465 |
| Norway | 9/1918 | 5/1919 | 14465 (+65) | 22091 |
| France | 8/1918 | 4/1919 | 237509 (+66) | 360686 |
| Switzerland | 7/1918 | 6/1919** | 29995 (+69) | 43536 |
| Germany | 3/1918 | 1/1919** | 426574 (+73) | 581243 |
| Sweden | 9/1918 | 5/1919 | 38453 (+74) | 51849 |
| The Netherlands | 10/1918 | 5/1919 | 41337 (+84) | 49066 |
| Spain | 6/1918 | 2/1919** | 252121 (+87) | 290531 |
| Portugal | 3/1918 | 6/1919 | 135600 (+102) | 133039 |
| Bulgaria | 3/1918 | 1/1919 | 51156 (+102) | 50015 |
| Italy | 8/1918 | 2/1919 | 544288 (+172%) | 317350 |
| Total 14 countries | 1980950 (+86%) | 2309744 | ||
*Represents the excess mortality calculated, based on expected baseline mortality.
**Existence of a later peak in April 1920 (not taken into account to calculate excess deaths throughout the pandemic period).