| Lieber-DeCarli oral liquid diet |
Mice
Rats |
100–160 mg/dL |
Animals develop steatosis, minor inflammatory infiltrates |
Oral delivery, strict nutritional equality with controls. Activation of Kupffer cells by increased LPS Can be combined with oral gavage to model chronic-binge patterns of alcohol consumption Pathological changes do not progress beyond steatosis, metabolic oxidative stress in the absence of a secondary stress
|
|
Ad libitum oral alcohol in drinking water |
Mice
Rats |
50–100 mg/dL |
Animals develop steatosis, minor inflammatory infiltrates |
Mimics human consumption and delivery to the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of Kupffer cells by increased LPS Pathological changes do not progress beyond steatosis, metabolic, and oxidative stress in the absence of a secondary stress
|
| Tsukamoto-French intragastic cannulation, enteral feeding model |
Mice
Rats |
As high as 500–600 mg/dL, depending on amount of alcohol. Average achieved is ~200 mg/dL with an oscillating pattern of high and low BAC |
Animals develop steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis and fibrosis |
Enteral delivery, maintains nutritional equality with controls Larger dosage of alcohol than oral feeding methods. Progressive pathological changes including fibrosis with activation of Kupffer cells and inflammatory networks Requires surgical expertise for insertion of cannula, which remains in place through duration of treatment. Bypasses effects of alcohol on oral-pharyngeal mucosa and upper GI tract. Contributes to dysbiosis and bacterial overgrowth in the GI tract BAC must be closely monitored to avoid alcohol toxicity
|
| Oral gavage |
Mice
Rats |
Can be in excess of >500 mg/dL |
Animals develop steatosis and mild inflammatory cell infiltrates |
Allows for administration of increased dosage of alcohol Models binge drinking, more difficult for chronic consumption Pathological effects when combined with a chronic oral ingestion mimic human pathology Bypasses oral mucosa and upper GI Stressful for animals, with risk of upper GI trauma BAC must be closely monitored to avoid alcohol toxicity
|
| Alcohol preferring rodents |
(P, iP & NP rats)
(HAP/LAP mice) |
40–130 mg/dL can be in excess of 200 mg/dL |
Animals do not develop cirrhosis |
Natural oral feeding model, mimics human behavior animals progressively develop HCC in the absence of cirrhosis (rats) Pathological progression from steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis are uncharacterized
|
