ଓପିଅଏଡ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର

Opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS), dope sick
	Course of opioid withdrawal
ବିଭାଗ	Emergency medicine, psychiatry
ଲକ୍ଷଣ	Runny nose, large pupils, goose bumps, muscle pains, nausea, diarrhea, sweating, fast heart rate, yawning
ଅବଧି	1-2 week
କାରଣ	Sudden reduction of opioids or an opioid antagonist
ସଠିକ ରୋଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ	Withdrawal from other drugs, stimulant toxicity, opioid use disorder
ଚିକିତ୍ସା	Opioid replacement therapy (ORT), clonidine, metoclopramide, loperamide
	[edit on Wikidata]

ଓପିଅଏଡ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ଏକ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ପୁଞ୍ଜ ଯାହା ଅଫିମ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ସେବନ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକ ହଠାତ୍ ବନ୍ଦ କଲେ ବା କମେଇଲେ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।^[୩] ଲକ୍ଷଣ: ନାକରୁ ପାଣି ବୋହିବା, ଆଖି ପୁଅ ବଡ଼ ଦେଖାଯିବା, ଲୋମ ମୁଳ ଫୁଲିବା, ମାଂସପେଶୀ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା, ବେଦନା, ଅଇ, ତରଳ ଝାଡା, ସ୍ୱେଦ ନିର୍ଗମନ, ଦୃତ ହୃଦ୍‌ଗତି, ଏବଂ ହାଇ ମାରିବା । ^[୨] ଲକ୍ଷଣ କିଛି ଦିନ ରହିପାରେ | ^[୫] କ୍ୱଚିତ୍ ଜୀବନ ପ୍ରତି ବିପଦ ଥିବାବେଳେ ରୋଗ ଜଟିଳ ହେଲେ ନିର୍ଜଳନ ଏବଂ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋଲାଇଟ ଅସ୍ୱାଭିକତା ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୫] ^[୬]

ସମସ୍ତ ଓପିଓଏଡ୍ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ଯେ କୌଣସି କାରଣରୁ ଯେପରିକି ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ ବା ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନ ଯୋଗୁ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୩] ^[୭] ହେରୋଇନ ପରି କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ଓପିଅଏଡର ଛଅ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପରେ ମେଥାଡନ ପରି ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ଏଜେଣ୍ଟ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେବାର ୪ ଦିନ ପରେ ଏହି ରୋଗ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇପାରେ | ^[୩] ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାରର ଗମ୍ଭୀରତା କ୍ଲିନିକାଲ ଓପିଅଏଡ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ସ୍କେଲରୁ ଜଣାଯାଏ | ^[୨]

ଓପିଅଏଡ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ବୁପ୍ରେନର୍ଫିନ କିମ୍ବା ମେଥାଡନ ଭଳି ଓପିଅଏଡ ପୁନଃ‌ସ୍ଥାପନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରାଯାଇପାରିବ | ^[୮] ^[୪] ଲକ୍ଷଣଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉନ୍ନତି ନିମନ୍ତେ କ୍ଲୋନିଡିନ କିମ୍ବା ଲୋଫେକ୍ସିଡାଇନ ଦିଆଯାଏ | ^[୯] ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିନା ଖରାପ ଲକ୍ଷଣଗୁଡିକର ପ୍ରାୟ ଏକ ସପ୍ତାହ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିଥାଏ ଓ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଥିଲେ ଅଧିକ ସମୟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିପାରେ | ^[୩]

ସର୍ବଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ତରରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୬ ନିୟୁତ ଲୋକ ଓପିଓଏଡ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି | ^[୨] ପୂର୍ବରୁ ହିରୋଇନ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ୬୦% ଲୋକଙ୍କର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାର ଘଟିଥିଲା । ^[୩] ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାରକୁ ରୋକିବା ପାଇଁ ଅନେକ ଲୋକ ଓପିଓଏଡ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଜାରି ରଖନ୍ତି ।^[୪] ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୫ମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ହିପୋକ୍ରେଟସ ଓପିଓଏଡ୍ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାରର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଥିଲେ | ^[୧୦] ଅତିକମରେ ୧୭୦୧ ମସିହାରୁ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ବିଦ୍ୟାରେ ବିବରଣୀଗୁଡିକ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ^[୧୧]

ଆଧାର

↑ Lerner, A; Klein, M (2019). "Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development". Brain communications. 1 (1): fcz025. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz025. PMID 32954266.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ Shah, M; Huecker, MR (January 2021). "Opioid Withdrawal". PMID 30252268. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ ^୩.୭ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 547–549. ISBN 9780890425541.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ Kosten, TR; Baxter, LE (February 2019). "Review article: Effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: A gateway to opioid dependence treatment". The American journal on addictions. 28 (2): 55–62. doi:10.1111/ajad.12862. PMID 30701615.
↑ ^୫.୦ ^୫.୧ Volkow, Nora D.; Blanco, Carlos (2020-01-02). "Medications for opioid use disorders: clinical and pharmacological considerations". The Journal of Clinical Investigation (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 130 (1): 10–13. doi:10.1172/JCI134708. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 6934219. PMID 31763992.
↑ Srivastava, AB; Mariani, JJ; Levin, FR (2020-06-20). "New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal". Lancet (London, England). 395 (10241): 1938–1948. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30852-7. PMID 32563380.
↑ Treatment, Center for Substance Abuse (2006). 4 Physical Detoxification Services for Withdrawal From Specific Substances (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). Retrieved 19 May 2021.
↑ Srivastava, AB; Mariani, JJ; Levin, FR (2020-06-20). "New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal". Lancet (London, England). 395 (10241): 1938–1948. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30852-7. PMID 32563380.
↑ Rehman, Saif Ur; Maqsood, Muhammad Haisum; Bajwa, Hamza; Tameez Ud Din, Asim; Malik, Mustafa N (2019). "Clinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lofexidine Hydrochloride in Treating Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 11 (6): e4827. doi:10.7759/cureus.4827. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 6682385. PMID 31403015.
↑ Zaoutis, Lisa B.; Chiang, Vincent W. (2007-01-01). Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-323-03004-5.
↑ Abuse, United States Commission on Marihuana and Drug (1973). Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective: Second Report (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 305. Retrieved 19 May 2021.

[1] Lerner, A; Klein, M (2019). "Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development". Brain communications. 1 (1): fcz025. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz025. PMID 32954266.

[Stat2021-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ Shah, M; Huecker, MR (January 2021). "Opioid Withdrawal". PMID 30252268. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[DSM5-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ ^୩.୩ ^୩.୪ ^୩.୫ ^୩.୬ ^୩.୭ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 547–549. ISBN 9780890425541.

[Kos2019-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ ^୪.୩ Kosten, TR; Baxter, LE (February 2019). "Review article: Effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: A gateway to opioid dependence treatment". The American journal on addictions. 28 (2): 55–62. doi:10.1111/ajad.12862. PMID 30701615.

[Vol2020-5] ୫.୦ ^୫.୧ Volkow, Nora D.; Blanco, Carlos (2020-01-02). "Medications for opioid use disorders: clinical and pharmacological considerations". The Journal of Clinical Investigation (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). 130 (1): 10–13. doi:10.1172/JCI134708. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 6934219. PMID 31763992.

[Sr2020-6] Srivastava, AB; Mariani, JJ; Levin, FR (2020-06-20). "New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal". Lancet (London, England). 395 (10241): 1938–1948. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30852-7. PMID 32563380.

[Sam2006-7] Treatment, Center for Substance Abuse (2006). 4 Physical Detoxification Services for Withdrawal From Specific Substances (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). Retrieved 19 May 2021.

[autogen1-8] Srivastava, AB; Mariani, JJ; Levin, FR (2020-06-20). "New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal". Lancet (London, England). 395 (10241): 1938–1948. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30852-7. PMID 32563380.

[9] Rehman, Saif Ur; Maqsood, Muhammad Haisum; Bajwa, Hamza; Tameez Ud Din, Asim; Malik, Mustafa N (2019). "Clinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lofexidine Hydrochloride in Treating Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms: A Review of Literature". Cureus. 11 (6): e4827. doi:10.7759/cureus.4827. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 6682385. PMID 31403015.

[10] Zaoutis, Lisa B.; Chiang, Vincent W. (2007-01-01). Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-323-03004-5.

[11] Abuse, United States Commission on Marihuana and Drug (1973). Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective: Second Report (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 305. Retrieved 19 May 2021.

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