ढाँचा:Citation
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![]() | यो ढाँचाले लुआ प्रयोग गर्दछ: |
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref>
tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).
If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter.
Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.
Notes:
- All parameter names must be lowercase.
- Invisible unicode space characters (see list) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g.
​
).
Simple citations
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.
{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}
{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | access-date = }} |
- last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
- first: The author's first or given name(s).
- year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless
|date=
specifies both month and year. - title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
- publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
- publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
- page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
- url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
- access-date: Date[n १] when the url was accessed.
Example
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]ढाँचा:Tj | Turner, Orsamus (१८५१), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, ओएल 7120924W। |
Full citation parameters
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]![]() | This section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the updates. |
These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | translator-last = | translator-first = | translator-link = | translator2-last = | translator2-first = | translator2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | orig-date = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | encyclopedia = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | no-pp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-inactive-date= | zbl = | url = | access-date = | format = | archive-url = | archive-date = | url-status = | quote = | separator = | postscript = | ref = }} |
Parameters
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]Syntax
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/sep_comma" does not exist।
COinS
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
- Use
|date=27 September 2007
not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template, is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup ''
(italic font) or '''
(bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.
- COinS metadata is created for these parameters
|periodical=
,|journal=
,|newspaper=
,|magazine=
,|work=
,|website=
,|encyclopedia=
,|encyclopaedia=
,|dictionary=
|chapter=
,|contribution=
,|entry=
,|article=
,|section=
|title=
|publication-place=
,|publicationplace=
,|place=
,|location=
|date=
,|year=
,|publication-date=
,|publicationdate=
|series=
,|version=
|volume=
|issue=
,|number=
|page=
,|pages=
,|at=
|edition=
|publisher=
,|distributor=
,|institution=
|url=
|chapter-url=
,|chapterurl=
,|contribution-url=
,|contributionurl=
,|section-url=
,|sectionurl=
|author#=
,|author-last#=
,|author#-last=
,|last#=
,|surname#=
|author-first#=
,|author#-first=
,|first#=
,|given#=
- any of the named identifiers (
|isbn=
,|issn=
,|doi=
,|pmc=
, etc)
What's new
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/whats new" does not exist।
Deprecated
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:
- coauthor · coauthors: Use last# / first# or author or authors
- Ref: Use ref
Description
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]Authors
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g.
|author=Bono
). Aliases: last1, surname, surname1, author, author1.- first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: first1, given, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn).
|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.
Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use - author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
- OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
- name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to
vanc
and when the list useslast
/first
parameters for the name list(s)
- vauthors: comma separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:
|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
- author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in
|vauthors=
as described above
- authors: Free-form list of author names; not an alias of last
- translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
- translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-first, translator1-first, translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
- translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
- others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
- When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
Editors
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-last, editor, editor1.
- editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-first.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editor-surnamen or editorn-last; editor-givenn or editorn-first; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use
|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.
- editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
- name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to
vanc
and when the list useslast
/first
parameters for the name list(s)
- veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:
|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
- editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in
|veditors=
, as described above
- editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in
- editors: Free-form list of editor names; not an alias of editor-last
- Display:
- If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
- If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."
- Exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al." then "(eds.)" or "eds." (depending upon presence of authors). When five or more editors are listed, all of them will be displayed. Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
Title
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/title" does not exist। लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/chapter" does not exist।
- type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
- language: The language in which the source is written. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g.
|language=French, German
. The use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of श्रेणी:CS1 foreign language sources; do not use templates or wikilinks. Note: When the language is "English" (or "en"), no language is displayed in the citation.
Date
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date १]: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist. Required when year is used to disambiguate
{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.
- For approximate year, precede with "
c.
", like this:|date=c. 1900
.
- For no date, or "undated", add as
|date=n.d.
- year: Year of source being referenced. Use of
|date=
is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
- The template uses
|ref=harv
, or the template is{{citation}}
, or|mode=cs2
- The
|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. - The citation requires a
CITEREF
disambiguator.
- The template uses
- orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
|orig-year=First published 1859
or|orig-year=Composed 1904
.
- ↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
Work
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/journal" does not exist।
Publisher
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
- place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
- publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
- publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
- via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), if the deliverer requests attribution, or as requested in WP:The Wikipedia Library (e.g. Credo, HighBeam).
Edition, series, volume
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/edition" does not exist।
- series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/volume" does not exist।
In-source locations
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded byp.
unless|nopp=y
. - OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp.
unless|nopp=y
. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use|at=
.- nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the
p.
orpp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover
.
- nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the
- OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by
|page=
or|pages=
. Use only one of|page=
,|pages=
, or|at=
.
- Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
URL
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.
#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com.- access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date १]: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
- archive-url: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and Internet Archive ; requires archive-date and url. Alias: archiveurl.
- archive-date: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date १]: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist. Do not wikilink. Alias: archivedate.
- dead-url: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set
|dead-url=no
. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original url has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting|dead-url=unfit
or|dead-url=usurped
will not link to the original url in the rendered citation;|url=
is still required. Other accepted values are y, yes, or true. Alias: deadurl.
- template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set
|template-doc-demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
- format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
- URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme.
http://
andhttps://
will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://
,gopher://
,irc://
,ircs://
,mailto:
andnews:
will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported. - If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by
%20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%20 | %22 | %27 | %3c | %3e | %5b | %5d | %7b | %7c | %7d |
- Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Chapter URL
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]लुआ त्रुटि: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/chapterurl" does not exist।
Anchor
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]- ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value|ref=harv
generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template.
Identifiers
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.
These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822
or pmc=345678
.
- arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example:
arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) orarxiv=0706.0001
or
arxiv=1501.00001
(since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".
- asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn.
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
au
,br
,ca
,cn
,co.jp
,co.uk
,de
,es
,fr
,it
,mx
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
- bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
1974AJ.....79..819H
- doi: Digital object identifier; for example:
10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
).- doi-broken-date: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at http://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi_brokendate, doi-inactive-date
- isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example:
978-0-8126-9593-9
. Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as|isbn=0-902888-45-5
. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN - ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example:
979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISMN - issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.
- jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
- jstor: JSTOR abstract; for example:
jstor=3793107
will generate JSTOR 3793107. - lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case.
- mr: Mathematical Reviews
- oclc: OCLC; WorldCat's (Online Computer Library Center)
- ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.
- osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
- pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g.
pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value.- embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
- pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier.
- rfc: Request for Comments
- ssrn: Social Science Research Network
- zbl: Zentralblatt MATH
Quote
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.
Laysummary
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: lay-summary, laysummary.
- lay-source: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash. Alias: laysource.
- lay-date: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.
Display options
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
|mode=cs1
, element separator is a semicolon (;
); terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2
, element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
- author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by
{{reflist}}
, <references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.
- display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example,
|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors.
- display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example,
|display-editors=2
will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-editors=4
. |display-editors=etal
displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors.
- last-author-amp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space (
&
) when set to y
, yes
, or true
. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
- postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Ignored if quote is defined.
Subscription or registration required
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:
- registration: For online sources that require registration, set
|registration=yes
(or y
, or true
); superseded by subscription if both are set.
- subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set
|subscription=yes
(or y
, or true
); supersedes registration if both are set.
Examples
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Books
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.
{{Citation
| last1 = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3 = Adams
| first3 = J.
| name-list-style = amp
| title = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place = Home Base, New York
| volume = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2007
}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G.; Adams, J. (२००७), All the Presidents' Names XII (2nd संस्करण), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon। |name-list-style=
प्यारामिटर ग्रहण गरेन (सहायता)
Web
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Web page
{{Citation
| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = [[National Park Service]]
| access-date = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service), अन्तिम पहुँच नोभेम्बर ३०, २०१०।
Archived page
{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| access-date = October 25, 2007
| publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year = 1995
| author = NASA
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archive-date = October 13, 2007
}}
NASA (१९९५), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, मूलबाट अक्टोबर १३, २००७-मा सङ्ग्रहित, अन्तिम पहुँच अक्टोबर २५, २००७।
Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Journal article
{{Citation
| last = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 12
| issue = 2
| year = 1976
| pages = 1–8
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
Hill, Marvin S. (१९७६), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8।
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier
{{Citation
| last1 = Mandelkern
| first1 = M
| last2 = Elias
| first2 = J
| last3 = Eden
| first3 = D
| last4 = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year = 1981
| pmid = 7338906
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
Mandelkern, M; Elias, J et al. (१९८१), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–161, डिओआई:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, पिएमआइडी 7338906।
Newspaper article
{{Citation
| last = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| location = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue = 19
| date = October 1, 1879
| page = 289
| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
Smith, Joseph III (अक्टोबर १, १८७९), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL) 26 (19): २८९।
Conference papers and public lectures
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Conference paper
{{Citation
| last = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
at NIST: The first 100 years
| year = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
}}
Sullivan, D.B. (२००१), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years", 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology।
Lecture
{{Citation
| last = Habicht
| first = Christian
| contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers
| year = 1988
| title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World
| publisher = Princeton University
| page=14
}}
Habicht, Christian (१९८८), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, पृ: १४।
Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Manuscript published in an edited compilation
{{Citation
| last = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (मार्च २७, १८७६), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books (प्रकाशित मिति १९९६), आइएसबिएन 1-56085-072-8।
Work with an editor but no author
{{Citation
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Vogel, Dan, सम्पादक (१९९६), Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books, आइएसबिएन 1-56085-072-8।
Encyclopedia article by a named author
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| year=1999
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| location = London
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Kramer, Martin (१९९९), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: 719–720।
Encyclopedia article with no named author
{{Citation
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| year = 1999
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Boyd, Kelley, सम्पादक (१९९९), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: 719–720।
Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Manuscript edited and published in a journal
{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
Knight, Joseph, Sr. (१८३३), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", in Jessee, Dean, BYU Studies (१९७६) 17 (1): ३५।
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
Klingensmith, Philip (सेप्टेम्बर ५, १८७२), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", written at Lincoln County, Nevada, in Toohy, Dennis J., Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit) (Corinne, Utah, प्रकाशित मिति सेप्टेम्बर २४, १८७२) 5 (252): १।
Press release
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Press release with quotation
{{Citation
| url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| access-date = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल १०, २०१०, "in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3"
Anchored citations
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=
generates an anchor ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default.
To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none
. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID
parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:
{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
which generates the citation:
- Sigmund Freud (१९३०), Civilization and Its Discontents।
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])
" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
Anchors for Harvard referencing templates
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
- Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (१८५१), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, ओसिएलसी 59510372।
In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF
" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}
generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref>
or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
both of which generate a footnote, such as
- 17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1=
(or |last=
), |last2=
, |last3=
, and |last4=
, and similarly for |editor1-last=
etc. and for |inventor1-last=
etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}
" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}
". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud
" with "|first=Sigmund
|last=Freud
", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}
" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId
") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=
. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date=
(or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=
) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=
.
IDs must be unique
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (२००८a), "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income", Pediatrics 121 (4): e821–e826, डिओआई:10.1542/peds.2007-1594, पिएमआइडी 18381511।
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (२००८b), "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States", Pediatrics 122 (1): e202–e208, डिओआई:10.1542/peds.2007-3037, पिएमआइडी 18595965।
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008
". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|date=2008a
" and "|date=2008b
", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
Dates
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- ↑ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
- 2009
- 2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)
- 14 September 2009
- September 14, 2009 (with comma)
- September 2009
Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references.
Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) § Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.
Tools
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
TemplateData
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png)
This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates.
This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template in articles based on this TemplateData.
Citationको कागजात
लुआ त्रुटि: mw.text.jsonDecode: साईनट्यास समस्या।
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
This template has custom formatting.
मापदण्ड विवरण प्रकार स्थिति Last name last
author
author1
last1
The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
रेखा सुझावित First name first
first1
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
रेखा सुझावित Title of source title
Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.
String आवश्यक Date of source date
Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.
मिति वैकल्पिक URL of source url
URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.
String सुझावित Work work
journal
website
newspaper
magazine
encyclopedia
encyclopaedia
dictionary
periodical
Name of the work in which the cited title is found
String सुझावित Volume volume
For one publication published in several volumes
रेखा सुझावित Issue issue
number
Issue number
String वैकल्पिक Page page
Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'
रेखा वैकल्पिक Pages pages
Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'
रेखा सुझावित Publication date publication-date
Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
String वैकल्पिक Date format df
Sets rendered dates to the specified format
String वैकल्पिक Year of publication year
Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक Postscript postscript
Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.
String वैकल्पिक Editor last name editor-last
editor
editor-surname
editor-last1
editor-surname1
editor1
editor1-last
editor1-surname
The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Editor first name editor-first
editor-first1
editor-given1
editor1-first
editor1-given
The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Author mask author-mask
Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.
String वैकल्पिक Original date orig-date
Original date of publication; provide specifics
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक Translated title trans-title
An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Script Title script-title
Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script
- उदाहरण
- ja:東京タワー
String सुझावित Translated chapter title trans-chapter
An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Type type
Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case
सामग्री वैकल्पिक URL access date access-date
The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink
मिति सुझावित Archive URL archive-url
The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'
रेखा सुझावित URL status url-status
The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content)
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
live
dead
usurped
unfit
deviated
अज्ञात सुझावित Series series
version
Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'
सामग्री वैकल्पिक At at
May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient
रेखा वैकल्पिक No pp no-pp
Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')
रेखा वैकल्पिक Chapter chapter
The chapter heading of the source
String वैकल्पिक contribution contribution
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक chapter-url chapter-url
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक contribution-url contribution-url
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक chapter-format chapter-format
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक Others others
Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor
String वैकल्पिक Edition edition
When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'
रेखा वैकल्पिक Location of publication place
location
Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked
String वैकल्पिक Place of publication publication-place
Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Publisher publisher
Name of the publisher; displays after title
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Language language
The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Format format
Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML
सामग्री वैकल्पिक arXiv identifier arxiv
An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers
रेखा वैकल्पिक ASIN asin
ASIN
Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters
रेखा वैकल्पिक ASIN TLD asin-tld
ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US
रेखा वैकल्पिक Bibcode bibcode
Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters
रेखा वैकल्पिक biorXiv biorxiv
biorXiv identifier; 6 digits
रेखा वैकल्पिक CiteSeerX citeseerx
CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter
रेखा वैकल्पिक DOI doi
DOI
Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'
String वैकल्पिक DOI broken date doi-broken-date
The date that the DOI was determined to be broken
मिति वैकल्पिक ISBN isbn
International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible
रेखा वैकल्पिक ISSN issn
International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen
रेखा वैकल्पिक eISSN eissn
International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen
रेखा वैकल्पिक jfm code jfm
Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code
रेखा वैकल्पिक JSTOR jstor
JSTOR identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक LCCN lccn
Library of Congress Control Number
रेखा वैकल्पिक MR mr
Mathematical Reviews identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक OCLC oclc
Online Computer Library Center number
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक OL ol
Open Library identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक OSTI osti
Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक PMC pmc
PubMed Center article number
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक PMID pmid
PubMed Unique Identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक Semantic Scholar Corpus ID s2cid
S2CID
The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page.
- उदाहरण
- 84541141
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक RFC rfc
Request for Comments number
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक SSRN ssrn
Social Science Research Network
रेखा वैकल्पिक Zbl zbl
Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier
रेखा वैकल्पिक id id
A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable
रेखा वैकल्पिक Quote quote
Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation
सामग्री वैकल्पिक Ref ref
An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates
रेखा वैकल्पिक Name list style name-list-style
Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format
String वैकल्पिक Display authors display-authors
number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed
सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक Archive date archive-date
Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink
मिति सुझावित Last name 2 last2
author2
surname2
The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 2 first2
given2
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 3 last3
author3
surname3
The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 3 first3
given3
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 4 last4
author4
surname4
The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 4 first4
given4
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 5 last5
author5
surname5
The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 5 first5
given5
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 6 last6
author6
surname6
The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 6 first6
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 7 last7
author7
surname7
The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 7 first7
given7
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 8 last8
author8
surname8
The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 8 first8
given8
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Last name 9 last9
author9
surname9
The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.
रेखा वैकल्पिक First name 9 first9
given9
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Author link author-link
author1-link
author-link1
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 2 author-link2
author2-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 3 author-link3
author3-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 4 author-link4
author4-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 5 author-link5
author5-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 6 author-link6
author6-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 7 author-link7
author7-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 8 author-link8
author8-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 9 author-link9
author9-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Editor last name 2 editor2-last
editor2
The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 2 editor2-first
editor2-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 3 editor3-last
editor3
The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 3 editor3-first
editor3-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 4 editor4-last
editor4
The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 4 editor4-first
editor4-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 5 editor5-last
editor5
The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 5 editor5-first
editor5-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 6 editor6-last
editor6
The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 6 editor6-first
editor6-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 7 editor7-last
editor7
The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 7 editor7-first
editor7-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 8 editor8-last
editor8
The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 8 editor8-first
editor8-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor last name 9 editor9-last
editor9
The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.
रेखा वैकल्पिक Editor first name 9 editor9-first
editor9-given
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.
रेखा वैकल्पिक editor-link editor-link
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक editor1-link editor1-link
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक editor2-link editor2-link
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक editor3-link editor3-link
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक editor4-link editor4-link
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name translator-last
translator
translator-last1
translator1
translator1-last
The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name translator-first
translator1-first
translator-first1
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.
String वैकल्पिक Translator link translator-link
translator-link1
translator1-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator last name 2 translator-last2
translator2
translator2-last
The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 2 translator-first2
translator2-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 3 translator-last3
translator3
translator3-last
The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 3 translator-first3
translator3-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 4 translator-last4
translator4
translator4-last
The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 4 translator-first4
translator4-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 5 translator-last5
translator5
translator5-last
The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 5 translator-first5
translator5-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 6 translator-last6
translator6
translator6-last
The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 6 translator-first6
translator6-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 7 translator-last7
translator7
translator7-last
The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 7 translator-first7
translator7-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 8 translator-last8
translator8
translator8-last
The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 8 translator-first8
translator8-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 9 translator-last9
translator9
translator9-last
The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 9 translator-first9
translator9-first
Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.
String वैकल्पिक Translator link 2 translator-link2
translator2-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 3 translator-link3
translator3-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 4 translator-link4
translator4-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 5 translator-link5
translator5-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 6 translator-link6
translator6-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 7 translator-link7
translator7-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 8 translator-link8
translator8-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 9 translator-link9
translator9-link
Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.
पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक URL access level url-access
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
registration
limited
subscription
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक DOI access level doi-access
Requires DOI value.
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
free
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक bibcode-access bibcode-access
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
free
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक jstor-access jstor-access
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
free
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Level s2cid-access
कुनैपनि विवरण छैन
- प्रस्तावित मानहरू
free
अज्ञात वैकल्पिक
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
See also
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]
- Wikipedia:Citation templates
- Wikipedia:Inline citation
- Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing
- For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods § Footnotes
Notes
[सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]