Steroid seks
Steroid seks, juga dikenali sebagai steroid gonad, ialah hormon steroid yang berinteraksi dengan androgen vertebrat atau reseptor estrogen.[1] Kesannya diantara oleh mekanisme genomi yang perlahan menerusi reseptor nukleus serta juga oleh mekanisme bukan genom menerusi reseptor berkait membran dan lata pengisyaratan.[2] Istilah hormon seks hampir selalu merupakan sinonim kepada steroid seks.
Pengeluaran
Steroid seks semula jadi dibuat oleh:
- gonad (ovari atau testis) [3]
- kelenjar adrenal; atau
- pertukaran daripada steroid seks di dalam tisu yang lain seperti tisu hati atau tisu lemak.
Steroid seks tiruan
There are also many synthetic sex steroids. Synthetic androgens are often referred to as anabolic steroids. Synthetic estrogens and progestins are used in methods of hormonal contraception. Ethinylestradiol is a semi-synthetic estrogen. Specific compounds that have partial agonist activity for steroid receptors, and therefore act in part like natural steroid hormones, are in use in medical conditions that require treatment with steroid in one cell type, but where systemic effects of the particular steroid in the entire organism are only desirable within certain limits[4].
Jenis
In many contexts, the two main classes of sex steroids are androgens and estrogens, of which the most important human derivatives are testosterone and estradiol, respectively. Other contexts will include progestagen as a third class of sex steroids, distinct from androgens and estrogens. Progesterone is the most important and only naturally-occurring human progestagen. In general, androgens are considered "male sex hormones", since they have masculinizing effects, while estrogens and progestagens are considered "female sex hormones"[5] although all types are present in each gender, albeit at different levels.
Steroid seks termasuk:
=Lihat juga
Rujukan
- ^ Guerriero G. Vertebrate sex steroid receptors: evolution, ligands, and neurodistribution. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Apr;1163:154-68. Review. PMID: 19456336
- ^ Thakur MK, Paramanik V. Role of steroid hormone coregulators in health and disease. Horm Res. 2009;71(4):194-200. Epub 2009 Mar 4. Review. PMID: 19258710
- ^ Brook CG. Mechanism of puberty. Horm Res. 1999;51 Suppl 3:52-4. Review. PMID: 10592444
- ^ Copland JA, Sheffield-Moore M, Koldzic-Zivanovic N, Gentry S, Lamprou G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Zoumpourlis V, Urban RJ, Vlahopoulos SA. Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention possible? Bioessays. 2009 Jun;31(6):629-41. Review. PMID: 19382224
- ^ Comparative metabolism of female sex steroids in normal and chronically inflamed gingiva of the dog T. M. A. ElAttar11Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A. and Department of Periodontology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden AND A. Hugoson11Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A. and Department of Periodontology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden1Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A. and Department of Periodontology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
Pautan luar
- Sex+Steroid+Hormones dalam Tajuk Subjek Perubatan (MeSH) di Perpustakaan Perubatan Negara AS
- Sex+hormones di eMedicine Dictionary
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