Lihat sumber bagi Vanessa cardui

{{Huraian pendek|Spesies kekupu}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Laksamana bersolek
| image = 0 Belle-dame (Vanessa cardui) - Echinacea purpurea - Havré (3).jpg
| image_caption = Sisi atas
| image2 = Butterfly August 2008-3.jpg
| image2_caption = Sisi bawah
| taxon = Vanessa cardui
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| synonyms = *''Papilio cardui'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |title= ''Vanessa cardui''|url = https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/174379/161326679#assessment-information}}</ref> 
}}

'''''Vanessa cardui''''' ialah spesies [[kupu-kupu]] yang paling tersebar luas. Ia dikenali sebagai '''laksamana bersolek''' dalam bahasa Melayu.<ref>{{cite book |first=R. |last=Omar |first2=A. A. |last2=Aziz |first3=S. |last3=Badrud'din |date=2023 |title=BookButterflies of Peninsular Malaysia: with a checklist of Scientific, English and Malay names |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/717383553/Butterflies-of-Peninsular-Malaysia-with-a-checklist-of-Scientific-English-and-Malay-names-2023 |publisher=Kementerian Sumber Asli, Alam Sekitar dan Perubahan Iklim |isbn= }}</ref>

== Huraian ==
Ia termasuk dalam keluarga [[Nymphalidae]] dan subkeluarga [[Nymphalinae]]. Ia mempunyai lebar sayap sekitar 50–60&nbsp;mm.<ref name="Butterflies of Singapore"></ref>

== Taburan ==
''V. cardui'' ialah salah satu spesies kupu-kupu yang paling luas taburannya, terdapat di setiap benua kecuali [[Antartika]] dan [[Amerika Selatan]]. Di [[Australia]], taburan ''V. cardui'' terhad di sekitar [[Bunbury, Western Australia|Bunbury]], [[Fremantle, Western Australia|Fremantle]] dan [[Pulau Rottnest]]. Bagaimanapun, saudaranya yang terdekat iaitu [[Vanessa kershawi|laksamana bersolek Australia]] (''Vanessa kershawi'', adakalanya dianggap sebagai subspesies) meliputi lebih separuh benua tersebut. Spesies-spesies lain yang bersaudara rapat dengannya termasuk [[Vanessa virginiensis|laksamana bersolek Amerika]] (''Vanessa virginiensis''), dan [[Vanessa annabella|laksamana Pantai Barat]] (''Vanessa annabella'').

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

==Bacaan lanjut ==
*{{cite book |first1=Paul A. |last1=Opler |first2=Amy Bartlett |last2=Wright |year=1999 |title=A Field Guide to Western Butterflies |series=Peterson Field Guides |publisher=Holt McDougal |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-547-35114-8}}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1182990 |title=Flight Orientation Behaviors Promote Optimal Migration Trajectories in High-Flying Insects |year=2010 |last1=Chapman |first1=Jason W. |last2=Nesbit |first2=Rebecca L. |last3=Burgin |first3=Laura E. |last4=Reynolds |first4=Don R. |last5=Smith |first5=Alan D. |last6=Middleton |first6=Douglas R. |last7=Hill |first7=Jane K. |journal=Science |volume=327 |issue=5966 |pages=682–5 |pmid=20133570}}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.039 |title=Seasonally adaptive migratory headings mediated by a sun compass in the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui |year=2009 |last1=Nesbit |first1=R.L. |last2=Hill |first2=J.K. |last3=Woiwod |first3=I.P. |last4=Sivell |first4=D. |last5=Bensusan |first5=K.J. |last6=Chapman |first6=J.W. |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=1119–25}}
* Bolotov I.N. 2012. The Fauna and Ecology of Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of the Kanin Peninsula and Kolguev Island. - Entomological Review 92(3): 296-304. DOI 10.1134/S0013873812030062
* Bolotov I.N. 2004. Long-Term Changes in the Fauna of Diurnal Lepidopterans (Lepidoptera, Diurna) in the Northern Taiga Subzone of the Western Russian Plain. Russ. J. Ecol. 35(2): 117–123. DOI 10.1023/B:RUSE.0000018937.44836.c6

==Pautan luar==
*[http://www.wildreach.com/butterflies/Vanessa_cardui.php Sri Lanka Wild Life Information Database]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/butterfly_painted_lady.htm Painted Lady Butterfly ''Vanessa cardui'' : large format reference quality photographs]
*[http://www.lablit.com/article/442 On the fly - research into butterfly migration proves rewarding]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbnHZDznqk HD video of Vanessa butterflies]
*[http://www.fjexpeditions.com/desert/florafauna/fauna/fauna.htm Observations of ''Vanessa cardui'' in the Libyian Desert (Eastern Sahara)]

[[Kategori:Vanessa]]
[[Kategori:Kupu-kupu Malaysia]]