유세비우스

카이사레아의 에우세비우스(그리스어: Ευσέβιος της Καισαρείας; 263년경 - 339년) 또는 팜필로스의 에브세비오스^[1] (그리스어: Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου)는 로마 제국의 신학자, 역사가, 석의학자이다. 314년 즈음에 팔레스타인에서 카이사리아 마리티마의 주교가 되었다. 당대 정경을 연구하던 학자 중 가장 명망이 높은 학자로 팜필로스와 함께 거론된다.^[2]

생애

에우세비우스는 260년경에 태어난 것으로 추정된다.^[3] 가족에 대해서는 알려진 부분은 거의 없지만, 디오클레티아누스의 기독교 박해 중 스승 팜필로스와 동문들이 순교한데 반해, 에우세비우스는 짧게 투옥되었다가 풀려난 점을 두고 유력인사의 가족에 속했다고 보기도 한다.^[4] 에우세비우스는 안티오케이아와 후에 카이사리아에서 교육을 받았다.에우세비우스는 카이사리아에서 세례를 받았고 사제로 서품되었다. 296년경 에우세비우스는 디오클레티아누스와 함께 팔레스타인을 통과하는 콘스탄티누스를 처음 보았던 것으로 기록한다.^[5] 팜필로스가 순교한 후, 그는 티로스와 이집트로 여행하면서 박해를 목격하였다. 315년경, 에우세비우스는 만장일치로서 카이사리아의 주교로 선출되었다.

신학

그리스도의 사역을 선지자, 제사장, 왕의 삼중직으로 처음 구분했다고 알려져 있다.^[6]

저서

교회사

에우세비우스가 쓴 《교회사》(그리스어: Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία; 라틴어: Historia Ecclesiastica 또는 Historia Ecclesiae)는 초대 교회의 역사를 연대기적으로 정렬하여 체계적으로 쓴 책으로 현존하는 최고(最古)의 교회사 서적이다. 사도들로부터 에우세비우스가 이 책을 집필한 시대까지 로마 제국과 초대 교회를 중심으로 일어난 사건들과 인물들을 다룬다.^[7]^[8] 정확하지 않은 부분이 일부 있지만,^[9] 에우세비우스가 참고한 서적들 중 소실된 자료들이 많고 또 최초의 교회사 서적이라는 의의는 두루 인정받는다.^[10]

기타

연대기(Chronicon(그리스어: Παντοδαπὴ ἱστορία Pantodape historia, "Universal history"))

콘스탄티누스의 생애(en)(그리스어: Βίος Μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου; 라틴어: Vita Constantini)

팔레스타인의 순교자들(en) (Martyrs of Palestine)

복음의 예비 (en) (Praeparatio evangelica)

복음의 증명 (Demonstratio Evangelica)

신현 (Theophany)

마르켈루스 논박서 (Against Marcellus)

교회 신학에 관하여 (Upon the Church Theology)

이름 (Onomasticon)

각주

↑ “The church history of Eusebius. :§2. Eusebius’ Birth and Training. His Life in Cæsarea until the Outbreak of the Persecution.”. 《Christian Classics Ethereal Library》. 2022년 1월 29일에 확인함.
↑ “에우세비우스”. 2020년 3월 7일에 확인함.
↑ The exact date of our author’s birth is unknown to us, but his Ecclesiastical History contains notices which enable us to fix it approximately. In H. E. V. 28 he reports that Paul of Samosata attempted to revive again in his day (καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς) the heresy of Artemon. But Paul of Samosata was deposed from the episcopate of Antioch in 272, and was condemned as a heretic at least as early as 268, so that Eusebius must have been born before the latter date, if his words are to be strictly interpreted. Again, according to H. E. III. 28, Dionysius was bishop of Alexandria in Eusebius’ time (καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς). But Dionysius was bishop from 247 or 248 to 265, and therefore if Eusebius’ words are to be interpreted strictly here as in the former case, he must have been born before 265. On the other hand, inasmuch as his death occurred about 340, we cannot throw his birth much earlier than 260. It is true that the references to Paul and to Dionysius do not prove conclusively that Eusebius was alive in their day, for his words may have been used in a loose sense. But in H. E. VII. 26, just before proceeding to give an account of Paul of Samosata, he draws the line between his own and the preceding generation, declaring that he is now about to relate the events of his own age (τὴν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς). This still further confirms the other indications, and we shall consequently be safe in concluding that Eusebius was born not far from the year 260 A.D. 《NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine》(by Philip Schaff)
↑ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eusebius of Caesarea
↑ An instance of this we have ourselves seen, when he passed through Palestine with the senior emperor, at whose right hand he stood, and commanded the admiration of all who beheld him by the indications he gave even then of royal greatness. (Vit. Const., I, 19).
↑ Fesko, J. V., 1970-. 《The theology of the Westminster standards : historical context and theological insights》. Wheaton, Illinois. 185쪽. ISBN 978-1-4335-3311-2. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
↑ Chesnut, Glenn F. (1986), 〈Introduction〉, 《The First Christian Histories: Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, and Evagrius》
↑ Maier, Paul L. (2007), 《Eusebius: The Church History – Translation and Commentary by Paul L. Maier》, 9 and 16쪽
↑ See, e.g., James the Brother of Jesus (book) by Robert Eisenman.
↑ 〈Ecclesiastical History〉, 《Catholic Encyclopedia》, New Advent

같이 보기

초기 기독교

외부 링크

위키미디어 공용에 관련된
미디어 분류가 있습니다.

유세비우스

(영어) Church History (Eusebius) ; The Life of Constantine (Eusebius), online at ccel.org.
(영어) History of the Martyrs in Palestine (Eusebius), English translation (1861) William Cureton. Website tertullian.org.
(영어) Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes complete Greek text of Eusebius' works

이 글은 기독교에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

[이름-1] “The church history of Eusebius. :§2. Eusebius’ Birth and Training. His Life in Cæsarea until the Outbreak of the Persecution.”. 《Christian Classics Ethereal Library》. 2022년 1월 29일에 확인함.

[2] “에우세비우스”. 2020년 3월 7일에 확인함.

[3] The exact date of our author’s birth is unknown to us, but his Ecclesiastical History contains notices which enable us to fix it approximately. In H. E. V. 28 he reports that Paul of Samosata attempted to revive again in his day (καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς) the heresy of Artemon. But Paul of Samosata was deposed from the episcopate of Antioch in 272, and was condemned as a heretic at least as early as 268, so that Eusebius must have been born before the latter date, if his words are to be strictly interpreted. Again, according to H. E. III. 28, Dionysius was bishop of Alexandria in Eusebius’ time (καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς). But Dionysius was bishop from 247 or 248 to 265, and therefore if Eusebius’ words are to be interpreted strictly here as in the former case, he must have been born before 265. On the other hand, inasmuch as his death occurred about 340, we cannot throw his birth much earlier than 260. It is true that the references to Paul and to Dionysius do not prove conclusively that Eusebius was alive in their day, for his words may have been used in a loose sense. But in H. E. VII. 26, just before proceeding to give an account of Paul of Samosata, he draws the line between his own and the preceding generation, declaring that he is now about to relate the events of his own age (τὴν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς). This still further confirms the other indications, and we shall consequently be safe in concluding that Eusebius was born not far from the year 260 A.D. 《NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine》(by Philip Schaff)

[4] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Eusebius of Caesarea

[5] An instance of this we have ourselves seen, when he passed through Palestine with the senior emperor, at whose right hand he stood, and commanded the admiration of all who beheld him by the indications he gave even then of royal greatness. (Vit. Const., I, 19).

[6] Fesko, J. V., 1970-. 《The theology of the Westminster standards : historical context and theological insights》. Wheaton, Illinois. 185쪽. ISBN 978-1-4335-3311-2. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)

[7] Chesnut, Glenn F. (1986), 〈Introduction〉, 《The First Christian Histories: Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, and Evagrius》

[8] Maier, Paul L. (2007), 《Eusebius: The Church History – Translation and Commentary by Paul L. Maier》, 9 and 16쪽

[9] See, e.g., James the Brother of Jesus (book) by Robert Eisenman.

[10] 〈Ecclesiastical History〉, 《Catholic Encyclopedia》, New Advent

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