Әһл әл-Байт бетінің кодын көру

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'''Әһл әл-Байт''' ({{lang-ar|أهل البيت}}) Араб сөз тіркесі сөзбе-сөз ''Үй адамдары'' деген мағынаны білдіреді. [[Ислам]] дінінде [[Мұхаммед|Мұхаммад]] (Аллаһның Оған игілігі мен сәлемі болсын) пайғамбардың отбасын сипаттауда қолданылатын сөз-тіркесі.

<!--The phrase "ahl al-bayt" was used in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] before the advent of [[Islam]] to refer to one's clan, and would be adopted by the ruling family of a [[Tribes of Arabia|tribe]]. Within the Islamic tradition, the term refers to the family of the [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref name="AB-EOI">Ahl al-Bayt, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref> The Ahl al-Bayt are particularly important to Shia Muslims because Shias generally derive their hadiths from the Ahl-al-Bayt and their close associates.

In [[Shia Islam]], the Ahl al-Bayt are central to Islam and interpreters of the Quran and sunnah. Shias believe they are [[Succession to Muhammad|successors of Muhammad]] and consist of Muhammad, [[Fatimah]], [[Ali]], [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]] (known collectively as the ''[[Ahl al-Kisa]]'', "people of the mantle") and the [[imam]]s. There are differing opinions on the scope and importance of Ahl al-Bayt.

In [[Sunni Islam]], Muhammad's household includes [[Muhammad's wives|his wives]], his daughter, [[Fatimah]], his cousin and son-in-law, [[Ali]] and their two children, [[Hasan ibn Ali]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali]]. Other Sunni include all Muhammad's descendants and sometimes the descendants of his paternal uncle, [[‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]], the founders of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].<ref name="who">[http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/ Who are Ahlul-Bayt?]</ref> In Sunni and Shia thought, every Muslim has the obligation to love the Ahl al-Bayt.
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== Әһл әл-Байт ==
''Әһл'' - Араб тілінде еркек адамның отбасы мүшелерін, оның рулас ағайындарын, туыстарын, әйелін, балаларын атауда қолданылады.

''әл-Байт'' - үй, тұратын орын, жер, ауыл, мекен деген мағынаны білдіреді.
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The term "Ahl" signifies the members of a household of a man, including his fellow tribesmen, kin, relatives, wife (or wives), children, and all those who share a family background, religion, housing, city, and country with him.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

"Bayt" refers to habitation and dwelling, including tents and buildings both. It can also be roughly translated as a household. The "Ahl-Al-Bayt" of any person refers to his family members and all those who live in his house. Ahlul Bayt is the polite form of addressing the members and wife of the family.<ref>''Mufradat al-Qur'an'' by Raghib Isfahani; ''Qamus'' by Firoozabadi; ''Majm'a al-Bahrayn''</ref>

The following terms all have the same meaning:

#Ahl al-Bayt = People of the House
#Ahl al-Nabi (s) = Family of the Prophet; the Ummah
#Ahl Bayt al-Nabi (s) = Family of the House of the Prophet
#`Itrat al-Nabi = [People of the] Mantle of the Prophet
-->

== Түсініктер ==
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There has been much debate concerning who ''Ahl al- Bayt'' consists of. Although there have been many disagreements there is a consensus amongst Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, that the "Ahl al Kisa" hadith refers specifically to Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn. Mention of the ''Ahl al-Bayt'', Muhammad's household, is present in a verse of the Qur'an as follows:

{{Quote|O wives of the Prophet! you are not like any other of the women; If you will be on your guard, then be not soft in (your) speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease yearn; and speak a good word.<br>And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore; and keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and obey [[Allah]] and His Messenger. Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.<br>And keep to mind what is recited in your houses of the communications of Allah and the wisdom; surely Allah is Knower of subtleties, Aware.|[[Sura]] [[Surat al-Ahzab|Al-Ahzab]] (33), [[Ayah|ayat]] 32-34<ref>{{Cite quran|33|32|e=34|s=ns}}</ref>}}

The precise definition of the term in this verse has been subject to varying interpretations. In one tradition, according to which Muhammad's [[Sahabah|companion]] [[Salman the Persian|Salman al-Farsi]] is included as a member, it is used to distinguish from the ''[[muhajirun]]'' ([[Hijra (Islam)|Muslim emigrants]] from [[Mecca]]) and ''[[ansar (Islam)|ansar]]'' ([[Medina]]n converts to Islam). According to Sunni doctrine, the term includes the wives and dependants of Muhammad, as it addresses them in the preceding verse - an interpretation which is attributed to [[`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas]] and [[Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl]], both of whom were companions of Muhammad. This is supported{{Synthesis-inline|date=May 2010}} by various traditions attributed to Muhammad wherein he addresses each of his wives as ''Ahl al-Bayt''.<ref>See:
*"Ahl al-Bayt", Encyclopedia of Islam
*Madelung (1997) p. 15</ref> Further members of the household, according to the Sunni perspective, include Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn, who are mentioned in the tradition of the mantle. Some versions of this tradition recognise [[Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya|Umm Salamah]], a wife of Muhammad, as a part of the household. Thus, according to the ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', "[t]he current orthodox view is based on a harmonizing opinion, according to which the term ahl bayt includes the ahl al-ʿabāʾ, i.e. the Prophet, ʿAlī, Fāṭima, al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥussain, together with the wives of the Prophet."<ref name="AB-EOI" />

Other interpretations include the family of Ali, as well as the families of Muhammad's relatives such as [[Aqeel ibn Abi Talib|Aqeel]], [[Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib|Ja'far]], and ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|al-Abbas. Early Islamic jurists [[Malik ibn Anas]] and [[Abū Ḥanīfa]] included the clan of [[Banu Hashim]] within the definition, while [[Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i|al-Shafi'i]] included the whole of Banu Muttalib.<ref name="AB-EOI" />

In Shia thought, the household is limited to Muhammad, Fatimah, Ali, Hasan, Husayn, and their descendants (altogether known as the ''Ahl al-Kisa''); as per their deduction from the tradition of the mantle. They interpret the change in pronoun in the Qur'anic verse as showing that only the aforementioned members constitute ''Ahl al-Bayt''.<ref name="AB-EOI" /> [[Wilferd Madelung|Madelung]] writes that "[t]his change of gender has inevitably contributed to the birth of various accounts of a legendary character, attaching the latter part of the verse to the five People of the Mantle."<ref>Madelung (1997) pp. 14-15</ref> Shias view these individuals as [[Imamate|infallible and sinless Imams]], and regard devotion to them as an essential part of the religion.<ref name="AB-EOI" />

Shia Muslims also support this claim with a hadith mentioned in the Sunni ''[[Hadith terminology#Ṣaḥīḥ|Ṣaḥīḥ]]'' collection. Many Sunni scholars remark that [[the verse of purification]] was revealed concerning five people: Muhammad, Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn.<ref>al-Bahrani, ''Ghayat al-Marum'', p. 126:al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. V, p.199; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, al Musnad, Vol. I, p.331; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. I, p.783; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq p.85</ref>  

{{Quote|[[Aisha|'A'isha]] reported that Allah's Apostle (may [[Peace be upon him (Islam)|peace be upon him]]) went out one morning wearing a striped cloak of the black [[Camel hair|camel's hair]] that there came Hasan b. 'Ali. He wrapped him under it, then came Husain and he wrapped him under it along with the other one (Hasan). Then came Fatima and he took her under it, then came 'Ali and he also took him under it and then said: Allah only desires to take away any uncleanliness from you, O people of the household, and purify you (thorough purifying)|[[Sahih Muslim]]|''The Book Pertaining to the Merits of the Companions (Allah Be Pleased With Them) of the Holy Prophet (May Peace Be Upon Him) (Kitab Al-Fada'il Al-Sahabah)'', Chapter 9: ''Thee Merits of the Family of the Prophet (May Peace Be Upon Him)''<ref name="muslim31">{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|31|5955}}</ref> The last sentence of verse 33:33.<ref name="Al-Ahzab">{{cite quran|33|33|s=ns}}</ref>}}

The tradition about this hadith goes from different sources to Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. She narrated that once her father visited her home, he had fever and was not feeling well, he asked for a Yemeni cloak which Fatimah brought to him and folded it around him. Later he was joined in that Yemeni cloak by his grandsons Hasan and Hussein, who were followed by their father Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. Finally Fatimah asked the permission to enter that cloak. When all five of them joined together under the cloak, Muhammad narrated the Qur'anic verse 33:33<ref name="Al-Ahzab"/> to those under the cloak that all five of them are chosen ones, and he further stated that he wants [[God in Islam|God]] to keep all impurities out of reach and away from all of us. Muhammad then prayed to God to declare all five of them as his Ahlul Bayt and keep away the ''[[Najis|Najasat]]'' (impurities). God, at that request immediately sent [[Gabriel]] ([[Holy Spirit (Islam)|Jibral]]) to reveal to Muhammad that all the five under the cloak are dearest and closest to God and they are ''Taher'' (purest of the pure) without any traces of impurities<ref name="muslim31"/>

The Twelver and Ismaili branches of Shia Islam differ in regards to the line of Imamate. While the Twelver believe in a lineage known as the Twelve Imams, the Ismaili believe that the descendants of [[Isma'il ibn Jafar]], rather than his brother [[Musa al-Kadhim]], were the inheritors of the Imamate instead.

According to [[Anas ibn Malik]], Muhammad, for six months straight used to pass by the door of Fatimah whenever he left for [[fajr]] prayers and said, "it is time for [[Salah|salat]], of family of the house (Ahel al biat)! 'Surely Allah desires to remove all imperfection from you, of family of the house, and purify you completely.{{' "}} From surah Al Ahzab 33, verse 33,<ref name="Al-Ahzab"/> [[Sunan al-Tirmidhi]]- Vol. 2 sahih 902

Most, but not all Shi'a believe that these ''[[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|A'immah]]'' to be the divinely chosen [[Caliph|leaders]] of the [[Ummah|Muslim community]].<ref name="AB-EOI" /><ref>Madelung, 1997, pp. 13-17</ref> This is based on the hadith, "People of the Cloak", where the Prophet referred to only Fatimah, Ali, Hasan, Hussain and Himself (stating that wives were not part of the Ahl al Bayt because they could be divorced and were no longer part of the household when their husband died), a hadith which many Sunni Muslims believe in. Collectively Muhammad, Fatimah and the Twelve Imams are known as the [[The Fourteen Infallibles]].
-->
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==Significance==
Muhammad's household is venerated by Muslims, who attach to them a special status.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} This is derived from verses in the Qur'an and hadith which stipulate love towards Muhammad's relatives, though in some cases interpretations differ, an example being: "Say: "No reward do I ask of you for this except the love of those near of kin."<ref>{{cite quran|42|23|s=ns}}</ref> According to classical [[tafsir|exegete]] [[al-Tabarani]] (260–360 AH) (873–970 CE) the verse most likely refers to Muslim believers related by blood ties. Another interpretation adopted by Shia applies the verse to the ahl al-bayt; while another view interprets the verse as commanding love for relatives in general. The latter view is favored by contemporary academic scholar Madelung.<ref>Madelung (1997) p. 13</ref>

''[[Sharia]]'' (Islamic law) prohibits the administration of ''[[sadaqah]]'' (charity) or ''[[zakat]]'' (tax) to Muhammad's kin (including the Banu Hashim), as Muhammad forbade this income for himself and his family.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} The explanation given by jurists is that these alms are considered the defilements of the people, who offer them to purify themselves from sin, hence it would be unbecoming of the kin to handle or use them. Instead, they are accorded part of the spoils of war.<ref>Madelung (1997) p. 14</ref><ref>A verse in the Qur'an reads: "That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships, it is for Allah and His messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, that it become not a commodity between the rich among you.", ({{cite quran|59|7|s=ns}})</ref> Muslims in their daily prayers invoke blessings upon them by saying: "O God, bless Muhammad and his family." In many Muslim communities, high social status is attributed to people claiming to be blood-descendants of Muhammad's household, and are labelled ''[[sayyid]]s'' or ''[[sharif]]s''.<ref name="AB-EOIMW">Ahl al-Bayt, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world.</ref>

Most Sunni [[Sufism|Sufi]] circles (''[[tariqa]]h'') trace their spiritual chain back to Muhammad through Ali.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} In Shia thought, Muhammad's household is central to the religion. In one version of Muhammad's [[The Farewell Sermon|farewell sermon]], he is represented as saying that God has given believers two safeguards: the Qur'an and his family; in other versions the two safeguards are the Qur'an and his [[Sunnah]] (statements and actions of Muhammad). Popular Shia belief ascribes cosmological importance to the family in various texts, wherein it is said that God would not have created ''[[Jannah]]'' ([[heaven]]) and earth, [[paradise]], [[Adam and Eve]], or anything else were it not for them. The majority of Shia regard the heads of the family as divinely chosen Imams who are [[Infallibility|infallible]] and [[Islamic views on sin|sinless]].<ref name=AB-EOI />
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== Құран Кәрімде ==

<blockquote>
"Әй Пайғамбардың әйелдері! Сендер әйелдерден әлде біреу сияқты емессіңдер. Егер тақуалық қылсаңдар, қылымсып сөйлемеңдер. Онда жүрегінде дерті бар әлде кім дәмеленеді. Әдеттегі сөзді сөйлеңдер. (33:32)

Үйлеріңде отырыңдар, кәдімгі надандық дәуірінше ашылмаңдар. Сондай-ақ намазды орындап, зекет беріп, Аллаға, Пайғамбарына бағыныңдар. Әй Пайғамбардың үй-іші! Шын мәнінде Алла сендерден арамдықты аулақ қылып, өздеріңді тап-таза қылуды қалайды. (33:33)"
</blockquote>

== Нұсқамалар ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Сілттемелер ==
* {{cite book | last = Madelung | first = Wilferd | authorlink = Wilferd Madelung | title = The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-521-64696-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Ordoni | first=Abu Muhammad |coauthors=Muhammad Kazim Qazwini | title=[[Fatima the Gracious]] |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |year=1992| isbn=B000BWQ7N6}}
* {{cite book | last=Tahir-ul-Qadri | first=Muhammad |coauthors= | title=Virtues of Sayyedah Fatimah |publisher=Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications |year=2006| isbn=969-32-0225-2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | author = Tritton, A.S; Goldziher, I.; Arendonk, C. van. | editor = P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C.E. Bosworth]], E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia =[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] Online| title = Ahl al-Bayt | publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | id = ISSN 1573-3912}}

== Сыртқы сілттемелер ==
* [http://www.aal-e-muhammad.com/ Aal-e-Muhammad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403123730/http://www.aal-e-muhammad.com/ |date=2012-04-03 }}
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahl-e-bayt Ahl al-Bayt] by I. K. A. Howard in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* [http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=result&q=bayt Islam at a glance]
* [http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/family-tree-diagram-of-lineage-and-relatives-of-prophets-and-companions-in-muslim-history.php?id=1 Interactive Family Tree of Muhammad saw by Happy Books] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121223124342/http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/family-tree-diagram-of-lineage-and-relatives-of-prophets-and-companions-in-muslim-history.php?id=1 |date=2012-12-23 }}
{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}

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