Pteranodon
| Pteranodon Kalamangsa: Mid-Late Cretaceous | |
|---|---|
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| Pteranodon sternbergi | |
| Klasifikasi ngèlmiah | |
| Karajan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Klas: | Sauropsida |
| Ordho: | Pterosauria |
| Subordho: | Pterodactyloidea |
| Superfamili: | Ornithocheiroidea |
| Famili: | Pteranodontidae |
| Génus: | Pteranodon Marsh, 1876 |
| Species | |
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Pteranodon (uniné /tɨˈrænədɒn/; saka basa Yunani Kuno πτερ-"swiwi" lan αν-οδων"rak duwé untu")saka akir jaman Cretaceous,ya iku salah sijining génus pterosauria sing gedhé dhéwé lan duwé epek-epek swiwi sing paling maksimal, ya iku ambané punjul 6 mèter (20 kaki).[1] Pteranodon iku dingerteni saka akèhé fosil sing spesimene paling akèh tinemu lan paling komplit,ya iku sawatara 1200 spésimèn sing dingerteni déning para ilmuwan.[2] Akèh saka spésimèn-spésimèn mau sing tinemu ing kaanan sing jangkep. Pteranodon iku sawijining reptil nanging ora kalebu jinis dinosaurus.[2] Definisine, kabèh dinosaurus kebagi ing kelompok Saurichia lan Ornithischia,kajaba Pterosaurus.[3] Nanging, sanajan kaya mangkono, Pteranodon iku tansah kapacak ing buku-buku dinosaurus lan wis kaloka ing khalayak umum minangka dinosaurus.[3]
Dheskripsi
Spesies Pteranodon kanthi cara apik dijelasake ing cathetan panemuan fosil, kalebu kanggo dheskripsi anatomi awake sing paling ditel lan analisis kauripane.[2] Luwih saka 1000 spésimèn sing wis diidhentifikasi,punjul setengahe wis cukup akèh ngekei informasi kanggo nggambaraké anatomi kéwan iki.[2] Malah, panemuan iki karan-sebut minangka material fosil sing paling dingerteni saka jinis pterosaurus liyané.[2]
Ukuran
Pteranodon iku reptil mabur (pterosaurus) sing gedhé dhéwé saka kéwan mabur liyané.[4] Sawetara 6 kaki (1,8 m) dawane, duwé swiwi sing ambané 25-33 kaki (7,8-10 m),abote sawatara 35 pon, dhuwure nalika ngadheg yiku sawatara 6 kaki (1,8 m).[2] Swiwine iku diakoni minangka swiwi sing paling dawa sing dingerteni.[2] Pteranodon duwé balung sing gerong kopong,duwé awak cilik lan ora duwé buntut.[2]
Jantan diwasa Pteranodon iku dianggep reptil ambur paling amba sing dingerteni nganti pterosaurus azhdarchid gedhé tinemu ing akir abad 20-an.[2] Amba epek-epek swiwine Pteranodon lanang diwasa iku 5,6 m.[2] pteranodon wadon Dhewasane luwih cilik ukurane,kira-kira 3,8 m nalika ngepek.[2] Spesimen Pteranodon longiceps sing paling amba sing asalé saka Formasi Niobrara diukur 6,25 m saka pucuk swiwi nganti pucuk swiwine manèh.[2] Spesimen sing swiwine paling amba manèh dingerteni saka Wujud Pierre Shale, kanthi rentangan 7,25 m, sing dianggep duwéke salah sijining génus lan spésies Geosternbergia maysei sing wis cures.[5]
Pratélan Spesies lan sinonime
Ana ing ngisor iki ana dhaftar nama spésies lan sinonime jinis pteranodon sing tinemu.[5]
| Name | Author | Year | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pterodactylus occidentalis | Marsh | 1872 | Reclassified as Pteranodon occidentalis | Reclassified from Pterodactylus oweni Marsh 1871 (preoccupied by Seeley 1864) |
| Pterodactylus ingens | Marsh | 1872 | Reclassified as Pteranodon ingens | |
| Pterodactylus velox | Marsh | 1872 | Nomen dubium | Reclassified as Pteranodon velox |
| Ornithochirus umbrosus | Cope | 1872 | Nomen dubium | |
| Ornithochirus harpyia | Cope | 1872 | Nomen dubium | |
| Pterodactylus umbrosus | (Cope) Cope | (1872) 1874 | Reclassification of Ornithochirus umbrosus | |
| Pteranodon longiceps | Marsh | 1876 | Valid | Type species |
| Pteranodon ingens | (Marsh) Williston | (1872) 1876 | Nomen dubium | Reclassified from Pterodactylus ingens |
| Pteranodon occidentalis | Marsh | (1872) 1876 | Nomen dubium | Reclassified from Pterodactylus occidentalis |
| Pteranodon velox | Marsh | (1872) 1876 | Nomen dubium | Reclassified from Pterodactylus velox, based on a juvenile specimen |
| Pteranodon gracilis | Marsh | 1876 | Reclassified as Nyctosaurus gracilis | |
| Pteranodon comptus | Marsh | 1876 | Nomen dubium | |
| Pteranodon nanus | Marsh | 1876 | Reclassified as Nyctosaurus nanus | |
| Ornithocheirus umbrosus | (Cope) Newton | (1872) 1888 | Reclassified as Pteranodon umbrosus | Spelling correction of Ornithochirus umbrosus |
| Ornithocheirus harpyia | (Cope) Newton | (1872) 1888 | Reclassified as Pteranodon harpyia | Spelling correction of Ornithochirus harpyia |
| Pteranodon umbrosus | (Cope) Williston | (1872) 1892 | Nomen dubium | Reclassification of Ornithochirus umbrosus |
| Ornithostoma ingens | (Marsh) Williston | (1872) 1893 | Synonym of Pteranodon ingens | Reclassified from Pteranodon ingens |
| Ornithostoma umbrosum | (Cope) Williston | (1872) 1897 | Synonym of Pteranodon umbrosus | Reclassified from Pteranodon umbrosus |
| Pteranodon oregonensis | Gilmore | 1928 | Reclassified as Bennettazhia oregonensis | |
| Pteranodon sternbergi | Harksen | 1966 | Valid | |
| Pteranodon marshi | Miller | 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | |
| Pteranodon bonneri | Miller | 1972 | Reclassified as Nyctosaurus bonneri | |
| Pteranodon walkeri | Miller | 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | |
| Pteranodon (Occidentalia) eatoni | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi | |
| Pteranodon eatoni | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi | Reclassified from Pteranodon (Occidentalia) eatoni |
| Pteranodon (Longicepia) longicps [sic] | (Marsh) Miller | (1872) 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | Reclassified from Pteranodon longiceps |
| Pteranodon (Longicepia) marshi | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1972 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | Reclassified from Pteranodon marshi |
| Pteranodon (Sternbergia) sternbergi | (Harksen) Miller | (1966) 1972 | Reclassified as Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) sternbergi | Reclassified from Pteranodon sternbergi |
| Pteranodon (Sternbergia) walkeri | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1972 | Reclassified as Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) walkeri | Reclassified from Pteranodon walkeri |
| Pteranodon (Pteranodon) marshi | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1973 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | Reclassified from Pteranodon marshi |
| Pteranodon (Occidentalia) occidentalis | (Marsh) Olshevsky | (1872) 1978 | Synonym of Pteranodon occidentalis | Reclassified from Pteranodon occidentalis |
| Pteranodon (Longicepia) ingens | (Marsh) Olshevsky | (1872) 1978 | Synonym of Pteranodon ingens | Reclassified from Pteranodon ingens |
| Pteranodon (Pteranodon) ingens | (Marsh) Olshevsky | (1872) 1978 | Synonym of Pteranodon ingens | Reclassified from Pteranodon ingens |
| Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) walkeri | (Miller) Miller | (1972) 1978 | Synonym of Pteranodon longiceps | Reclassified from Pteranodon walkeri |
| Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) sternbergi | (Harksen) Miller | (1966) 1978 | Synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi | Reclassified from Pteranodon (Sternbergia) sternbergi |
| Pteranodon orientalis | (Bogolubov) Nesov & Yarkov | (1914) 1989 | Reclassified as Bogolubovia orientalis | Reclassified from Ornithostoma orientalis |
| Geosternbergia walkeri | (Miller) Olshevsky | (1872) 1991 | Synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi | Reclassified from Pteranodon (Sternbergia) walkeri |
| Geosternbergia sternbergi | (Harksen) Olshevsky | (1966) 1991 | Synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi | Reclassified from Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) sternbergi |
Cathetan suku
- ↑ Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |volum=82 |isu=4 |kaca=1063–1084 |doi=10.1590/S0001-37652010000400025[pranala mati permanèn]
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l {{en}http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinos/Pteranodon.shtml}
- ↑ a b {{en}Benton, S.C. (1994). "The Pterosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk." The Earth Scientist, 11(1): 22-25}
- ↑ {{en}http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013982}
- ↑ a b {{en}Bennett, S.C. (1994). "Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloida)". Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 169: 1–70}
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