ABSTRACT Many rural villages in Eastern Europe are severely impacted by aeolian smelter dust/depo... more ABSTRACT Many rural villages in Eastern Europe are severely impacted by aeolian smelter dust/deposits. Commonly, elemental studies in Romania have suffered from limited sampling numbers (n = 5–10) and/or incomplete di-gestion offering only semi-total quantification of elements using traditional, laboratory-based techniques. These approaches are simply inadequate for evaluating potentially hazardous soils and their spatial extent, particularly at urban/rural interfaces of variable land use. Portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopy can accurately quantify contamination rapidly, in-situ with a wide dynamic range and little to no sample preparation for analysis of regulated elements (e.g., As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn) and other common soil elements such as Ca, Fe, K, Rb, Sr, Ti, and Zr. A contemporary PXRF spectrometer was used to scan 61 soil samples across multiple land use types in urban/rural interfaces on-site. Each site was georeferenced with elemental data inputted into a geo-graphic information system for high resolution kriging interpolation. These models were superimposed over modern aerial imagery to evaluate the extent of pollution for each government-regulated element with simulta-neous consideration and quantification of spatial variability in naturally occurring soil elements. Pb exceeded governmental action limits across 100% of the area, while V, Mn, Cu, and Zn were exceeded in 2.2, 2.1, 39.6, and 9.8% of the area. Furthermore, many regulated elements were closely correlated to natural soil elements. In short, georeferenced PXRF data proved a powerful new tool for on-site assessment of contaminated soils; one which has rarely been utilized in Eastern Europe to date.
Because global warming accompanied by alteration of precipitation regime became a real threat, wo... more Because global warming accompanied by alteration of precipitation regime became a real threat, worldwide, and potato is one of the most important cultures, increased interest was focused on the influence of the interaction of the climatic factors on potato most aggressive pathogen Phytophtora infestans (Mont) de Bary, which produces the disease called late blight. Based on this reality, our study was aimed to test at low scale the possibility of estimating the effect of Phytophtora infestans L. attack degree (AD) on a potato culture developed in Transylvania, Romania, under conditions of climate change, using the multiregression model. The specific objectives of the study were to annually evaluate the interdependence between temperature, precipitation quantities and Phytophtora infestans AD%, during three experimental years, 2009, 2010 and 2011, between 1 st of April and 30 th of September each year, to simulate the impact of the possible climatic scenarios on Phytophtora infestans AD% evolutions, and to evaluate the opportunity of using the multiregression model in predicting Phytophtora infestans AD% on potato cultures function of climatic factors, under conditions of conventional treatments. The use of the multiregression model explained 85% of the variation of the Phytophtora infestans attack degree in response to climatic conditions in studied area. The independent variables are in different relationships with Phytophtora infestans AD%, precipitation presents a lower relationship than the temperature. The same interaction was found when climatic change scenarios were developed. When temperature increases or decreases with 2 o C and precipitation increases or decreases by 50%, precipitation quantities explain less on Phytophtora infestans AD%, compared with temperature. The study demonstrates the possibility of using the multiregression model in order to predict Phytophtora infestans attack degree on potato under specific climatic conditions.
Résumé/Abstract The paper presents the influence of conventional plough tillage system on physica... more Résumé/Abstract The paper presents the influence of conventional plough tillage system on physical and chemical properties of soil in comparison with the alternative minimum tillage systems (disc harrow, rotary harrow, paraplow and chisel plow). Minimum soil tillage ...
The research paper presents the results obtained in the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, R... more The research paper presents the results obtained in the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, concerning the control of Convolvulus arvensis L species. To determine or accomplish the relation with soil tillage systems and herbicides applied on soy-bean, wheat and maize crop. Minimum tillage systems determine an increasing percentage of Convolvulus arvensis species at weeding, different depending on experimental variant and on crop: 11.2-39.1% at soy-bean, 0.9-4.2% at wheat and 11.9-24.4% at maize crop. The number of Convolvulus arvensis seeds increases with 169% at tillage variant with disk + rotary harrow, 77% of these being located in the first 10 cm soil depth.
Zlatna, Romania is the site of longtime mining/smelting operations which have resulted in widespr... more Zlatna, Romania is the site of longtime mining/smelting operations which have resulted in widespread metal pollution of the entire area. Previous studies have documented the contamination using traditional methods involving soil sample collection, digestion, and quantification via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption. However, field portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (PXRF) can accurately quantify contamination in-situ, in seconds. A PXRF spectrometer was used to scan 69 soil samples in Zlatna across multiple land use types. Each site was georeferenced with data inputted into a geographic information system for high resolution spatial interpolations. These models were laid over contemporary aerial imagery to evaluate the extent of pollution on an individual elemental basis. Pb, As, Co, Cu, and Cd exceeded governmental action limits in >50% of the sites scanned. The use of georeferenced PXRF data offers a powerful new tool for in-situ assessment of contaminated soils.
Development Strategy of Cluj-Napoca city imposes to establish directions, priorities and regulati... more Development Strategy of Cluj-Napoca city imposes to establish directions, priorities and regulations for spatial and urban development. Rational and balanced use of land necessary for urban functions can only be based on a study of soil conditions justifying optimum land use categories. Soil survey of city appears as a necessity due to the changes by editing the new Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy RSST-2003 and to determine the use and suitability of land categories. As a result of soil survey have identified 12 genetic soil types belonging to classes Protisols, Luvisols, Cernisols, Hidrisols, Slasodisols, Histisols and Antrisols. Soil survey allowed the development of hazards maps induced by soil degradation of land, on which settled areas to build temporary or permanent ban.
Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperacumulators), one of which is t... more Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperacumulators), one of which is the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart. The roots of this water plant naturally absorb pollutants, including heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Zn, Co, Cd, and Cu and can be used for wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of heavy metals on growth and development of water hyacinth and to determinate the uptake capacity of heavy metals of this species. It was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing pollution potential in wastewater. From the combination of experimental factors 11 variants resulted. The results showed that Eichhornia absorbed a high quantity of Pb (504 mg/kg dry matter) and Cu (561 mg/kg dry matter) in their roots. More Cu accumulated in the root compared to Pb. The level of Zn absorption was lower in roots (84 mg/kg dry matter) and also in stem plus leaves (51 mg/kg dry matter). A high quantity of Cd (281 mg/kg dry matter) was removed f...
... Ioan Gheorghe OROIAN, Laura PAULETTE, Ilie COVRIG, Antonia ODAGIU, Cristian IEDERAN ... By it... more ... Ioan Gheorghe OROIAN, Laura PAULETTE, Ilie COVRIG, Antonia ODAGIU, Cristian IEDERAN ... By its composition, it facilitates the formation of that soil flora, which accelerates the dissolution of cellulose material and allows faster introduction of vegetal material rich in cellulose ...
ABSTRACT Many rural villages in Eastern Europe are severely impacted by aeolian smelter dust/depo... more ABSTRACT Many rural villages in Eastern Europe are severely impacted by aeolian smelter dust/deposits. Commonly, elemental studies in Romania have suffered from limited sampling numbers (n = 5–10) and/or incomplete di-gestion offering only semi-total quantification of elements using traditional, laboratory-based techniques. These approaches are simply inadequate for evaluating potentially hazardous soils and their spatial extent, particularly at urban/rural interfaces of variable land use. Portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopy can accurately quantify contamination rapidly, in-situ with a wide dynamic range and little to no sample preparation for analysis of regulated elements (e.g., As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn) and other common soil elements such as Ca, Fe, K, Rb, Sr, Ti, and Zr. A contemporary PXRF spectrometer was used to scan 61 soil samples across multiple land use types in urban/rural interfaces on-site. Each site was georeferenced with elemental data inputted into a geo-graphic information system for high resolution kriging interpolation. These models were superimposed over modern aerial imagery to evaluate the extent of pollution for each government-regulated element with simulta-neous consideration and quantification of spatial variability in naturally occurring soil elements. Pb exceeded governmental action limits across 100% of the area, while V, Mn, Cu, and Zn were exceeded in 2.2, 2.1, 39.6, and 9.8% of the area. Furthermore, many regulated elements were closely correlated to natural soil elements. In short, georeferenced PXRF data proved a powerful new tool for on-site assessment of contaminated soils; one which has rarely been utilized in Eastern Europe to date.
Because global warming accompanied by alteration of precipitation regime became a real threat, wo... more Because global warming accompanied by alteration of precipitation regime became a real threat, worldwide, and potato is one of the most important cultures, increased interest was focused on the influence of the interaction of the climatic factors on potato most aggressive pathogen Phytophtora infestans (Mont) de Bary, which produces the disease called late blight. Based on this reality, our study was aimed to test at low scale the possibility of estimating the effect of Phytophtora infestans L. attack degree (AD) on a potato culture developed in Transylvania, Romania, under conditions of climate change, using the multiregression model. The specific objectives of the study were to annually evaluate the interdependence between temperature, precipitation quantities and Phytophtora infestans AD%, during three experimental years, 2009, 2010 and 2011, between 1 st of April and 30 th of September each year, to simulate the impact of the possible climatic scenarios on Phytophtora infestans AD% evolutions, and to evaluate the opportunity of using the multiregression model in predicting Phytophtora infestans AD% on potato cultures function of climatic factors, under conditions of conventional treatments. The use of the multiregression model explained 85% of the variation of the Phytophtora infestans attack degree in response to climatic conditions in studied area. The independent variables are in different relationships with Phytophtora infestans AD%, precipitation presents a lower relationship than the temperature. The same interaction was found when climatic change scenarios were developed. When temperature increases or decreases with 2 o C and precipitation increases or decreases by 50%, precipitation quantities explain less on Phytophtora infestans AD%, compared with temperature. The study demonstrates the possibility of using the multiregression model in order to predict Phytophtora infestans attack degree on potato under specific climatic conditions.
Résumé/Abstract The paper presents the influence of conventional plough tillage system on physica... more Résumé/Abstract The paper presents the influence of conventional plough tillage system on physical and chemical properties of soil in comparison with the alternative minimum tillage systems (disc harrow, rotary harrow, paraplow and chisel plow). Minimum soil tillage ...
The research paper presents the results obtained in the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, R... more The research paper presents the results obtained in the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, concerning the control of Convolvulus arvensis L species. To determine or accomplish the relation with soil tillage systems and herbicides applied on soy-bean, wheat and maize crop. Minimum tillage systems determine an increasing percentage of Convolvulus arvensis species at weeding, different depending on experimental variant and on crop: 11.2-39.1% at soy-bean, 0.9-4.2% at wheat and 11.9-24.4% at maize crop. The number of Convolvulus arvensis seeds increases with 169% at tillage variant with disk + rotary harrow, 77% of these being located in the first 10 cm soil depth.
Zlatna, Romania is the site of longtime mining/smelting operations which have resulted in widespr... more Zlatna, Romania is the site of longtime mining/smelting operations which have resulted in widespread metal pollution of the entire area. Previous studies have documented the contamination using traditional methods involving soil sample collection, digestion, and quantification via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption. However, field portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (PXRF) can accurately quantify contamination in-situ, in seconds. A PXRF spectrometer was used to scan 69 soil samples in Zlatna across multiple land use types. Each site was georeferenced with data inputted into a geographic information system for high resolution spatial interpolations. These models were laid over contemporary aerial imagery to evaluate the extent of pollution on an individual elemental basis. Pb, As, Co, Cu, and Cd exceeded governmental action limits in >50% of the sites scanned. The use of georeferenced PXRF data offers a powerful new tool for in-situ assessment of contaminated soils.
Development Strategy of Cluj-Napoca city imposes to establish directions, priorities and regulati... more Development Strategy of Cluj-Napoca city imposes to establish directions, priorities and regulations for spatial and urban development. Rational and balanced use of land necessary for urban functions can only be based on a study of soil conditions justifying optimum land use categories. Soil survey of city appears as a necessity due to the changes by editing the new Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy RSST-2003 and to determine the use and suitability of land categories. As a result of soil survey have identified 12 genetic soil types belonging to classes Protisols, Luvisols, Cernisols, Hidrisols, Slasodisols, Histisols and Antrisols. Soil survey allowed the development of hazards maps induced by soil degradation of land, on which settled areas to build temporary or permanent ban.
Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperacumulators), one of which is t... more Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperacumulators), one of which is the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart. The roots of this water plant naturally absorb pollutants, including heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Zn, Co, Cd, and Cu and can be used for wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of heavy metals on growth and development of water hyacinth and to determinate the uptake capacity of heavy metals of this species. It was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing pollution potential in wastewater. From the combination of experimental factors 11 variants resulted. The results showed that Eichhornia absorbed a high quantity of Pb (504 mg/kg dry matter) and Cu (561 mg/kg dry matter) in their roots. More Cu accumulated in the root compared to Pb. The level of Zn absorption was lower in roots (84 mg/kg dry matter) and also in stem plus leaves (51 mg/kg dry matter). A high quantity of Cd (281 mg/kg dry matter) was removed f...
... Ioan Gheorghe OROIAN, Laura PAULETTE, Ilie COVRIG, Antonia ODAGIU, Cristian IEDERAN ... By it... more ... Ioan Gheorghe OROIAN, Laura PAULETTE, Ilie COVRIG, Antonia ODAGIU, Cristian IEDERAN ... By its composition, it facilitates the formation of that soil flora, which accelerates the dissolution of cellulose material and allows faster introduction of vegetal material rich in cellulose ...
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