Dʰéǵʰōm
*Dʰéǵʰōm (Proto-Indo-Eropa: *dʰéǵʰōm or *dʰǵʰōm; lit. 'bumi'),[1][2] atau *Pleth₂wih₁ (PIE: *pleth₂wih₁, lit. 'Yang Luas'),[3][4] adalah nama yang direkonstruksi dari nama dewi Bumi dalam mitologi Proto-Indo-Eropa.
Ibu Alam, atau Ibu Pertiwi (*Dʰéǵʰōm Méh₂tēr) umumnya digambarkan sebagai tempat tinggal manusia yang luas (*pleth₂wih₁) dan gelap (*dʰengwo-), yang menanggung segala sesuatu dan semua makhluk. Dia sering dipasangkan dengan Dyēus, langit siang hari dan tempat duduk para dewa surgawi, ia juga kekal dan tidak pernah mati, keduaanya merupakan dua sisi berlawanan yang bersatu, karena hujan Dyēus yang menyuburkan dapat menumbuhkan makanan dan kemakmuran bagi penduduk Bumi. Dʰéǵʰōm juga diasosiasikan dalam tradisi Indo-Eropa dengan kesuburan, pertumbuhan, dan kematian, dan dianggap sebagai asal-muasal dan tempat tinggal terakhir manusia.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Mallory & Adams 2006, hlm. 99.
- ^ De Vaan 2008, hlm. 292.
- ^ Jackson 2002, hlm. 80–81.
- ^ West 2007, hlm. 174–175, 178–179.
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32186-1.
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- Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental (dalam bahasa Prancis). Errance. ISBN 978-2877723695.
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- Elsie, Robert (2001). A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 1-85065-570-7.
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- Jackson, Peter (2002). "Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage". Numen. 49 (1): 61–102. doi:10.1163/15685270252772777. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 3270472.
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008). Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon. Brill. ISBN 9789004160927.
- Kroonen, Guus (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Brill. ISBN 9789004183407.
- Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
- Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2
- Orel, Vladimir (1998). Albanian etymological dictionary. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11024-3.
- Poghirc, Cicerone (1987). "Albanian Religion". Dalam Mircea Eliade. The Encyclopedia of Religion. 1. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. hlm. 178–180.
- Puhvel, Jaan (2004). "Darkness in Hittite". Historische Sprachforschung. 117 (2): 194–196. ISSN 0935-3518. JSTOR 40849222.
- Sansalvador, Ana Vegas (1992). "Χαμύνη, ein Beiname der Demeter in Olympia" (PDF). Glotta. 70 (3/4): 166–180. ISSN 0017-1298. JSTOR 40266930.
- Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani, ed. Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë (dalam bahasa Albania). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja. ISBN 99927-938-9-9.
- West, Martin Litchfield (2007), Indo-European Poetry and Myth, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9
- Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta Sofie; Schneider, Carolin (2008). Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon (dalam bahasa Jerman). Universitaetsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-5359-9.
- York, Michael (1993). "Toward a Proto-Indo-European vocabulary of the sacred". WORD. 44 (2): 235–254. doi:10.1080/00437956.1993.11435902. ISSN 0043-7956.
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bodewitz, Henk (2019). "The Waters in Vedic Cosmic Classifications". Vedic Cosmology and Ethics. 19. Brill. hlm. 37–45. ISBN 9789004398641. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctvrxk42v.9.
- Burrow, T. (1959). "On the Phonological History of Sanskrit kṣám- 'Earth,' ṛ́kṣa- 'Bear' and likṣá̄ 'Nit'". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 79 (2): 85–90. doi:10.2307/595849. JSTOR 595849.
- Dundulienė, Pranė (1976). "Žemė lietuvių tikėjimuose ir liaudies mene. In: Istorija 16.1: 129-153.
- Hamp, Eric P. (1990). "Albanian dhē 'earth'". Historische Sprachforschung. 103 (2): 289–292. JSTOR 40848998.
- Hamp, Eric P. "On the Paradigm of OIr. dú". In: Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 44, no. 1 (1991): 76-78. https://doi.org/10.1515/zcph.1991.44.1.76
- Kretschmer, Paul (1931). "Χϑών". Glotta. 20 (1/2): 65–67. JSTOR 40265301.
- Meier-Brügger, Michael (1977). "Lateinisch humī und domī". Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung. 91 (1): 159–165. JSTOR 40848521.
- Oettinger, Norbert. "Die 'dunkle Erde' Im Hethitischen Und Griechischen: Alfred Heubeck Zum Gedächtnis (20.7. 1914–24.5. 1987)". In: Die Welt Des Orients 20/21 (1989): 83-98. Accessed April 27, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25683330.
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- Steer, Thomas. "Uridg. *dh(e)ǵhōm 'Erde' und *ǵʰ(e)i̯ōm 'Winter'". In: Indogermanische Forschungen 118, no. 2013 (2013): 55-92. https://doi.org/10.1515/indo.2013.118.2013.55
- Toporov, Vladimir N.. "К реконструкции балто-славянского мифологического образа Земли-Матери *Zemi̯a & *Mātē (Mati)" [Towards a reconstruction of the Balto-Slavic mythological image of Earth Mother *Zemia & *Mate (Mati)]. In: Балто-славянские исследования. 1998–1999. ХIV. Москва: 2010 [2000]. pp. 241-371. ISBN 978-5-9551-0388-4
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