Apollo 14: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Apollo 14''' adalah misi pesawat ruang angkasa berawak kedelapan dalam program Apollo Amerika Serikat, dan yang ketiga untuk mendarat di Bulan. Itu adalah misi yang terakhir dari pendaratan "misi H" yang ditargetkan dengan dua hari tetap di Bulan dengan dua lunar EVA, atau moonwalks. |
'''Apollo 14''' adalah sebuah misi pesawat ruang angkasa berawak kedelapan dalam program Apollo Amerika Serikat, dan yang ketiga untuk mendarat di Bulan. Itu adalah misi yang terakhir dari pendaratan "misi H" yang ditargetkan dengan dua hari tetap di Bulan dengan dua lunar EVA, atau moonwalks. |
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Komandan Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, dan Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell diluncurkan pada misi sembilan hari mereka pada tanggal 31 Januari 1971 16:04:02 waktu setempat setelah 40 menit, 2 detik delay karena pembatasan situasi cuaca, penundaan pertama seperti dalam program Apollo. |
Komandan Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, dan Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell diluncurkan pada misi sembilan hari mereka pada tanggal 31 Januari 1971 16:04:02 waktu setempat setelah 40 menit, 2 detik delay karena pembatasan situasi cuaca, penundaan pertama seperti dalam program Apollo. |
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Shepard dan Mitchell membuat pendaratan lunar mereka pada tanggal 5 Februari dalam Fra Mauro. Ini awalnya menjadi sasaran yang dibatalkan pada misi Apollo 13. |
Shepard dan Mitchell membuat pendaratan lunar mereka pada tanggal 5 Februari dalam Fra Mauro. Ini awalnya menjadi sasaran yang dibatalkan pada misi Apollo 13. |
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Selama di dalam dua lunar EVA, 42 kilogram (93 pon) batu bulan dikumpulkan dan beberapa eksperimen permukaan, termasuk studi seismik. Shepard terkenal memukul dua bola golf di permukaan bulan dengan klub darurat yang dibawanya dari Bumi. Shepard dan Mitchell menghabiskan sekitar 33 jam di Bulan, dengan sekitar 9 ½ jam pada EVA. |
Selama di dalam dua lunar EVA, 42 kilogram (93 pon) batu bulan dikumpulkan dan beberapa eksperimen permukaan, termasuk studi seismik. Shepard terkenal memukul dua bola golf di permukaan bulan dengan klub darurat yang dibawanya dari Bumi. Shepard dan Mitchell menghabiskan sekitar 33 jam di Bulan, dengan sekitar 9 ½ jam pada EVA. |
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Sementara Shepard dan Mitchell berada di permukaan, Roosa tetap di orbit lunar kapal Modul Command/Service, melakukan eksperimen ilmiah dan memotret Bulan. Dia mengambil beberapa ratus biji pada misi, banyak yang berkecambah pada kembali, sehingga disebut pohon Bulan. Shepard, Roosa, dan Mitchell mendarat di Samudra Pasifik pada 9 Februari. |
Sementara Shepard dan Mitchell berada di permukaan, Roosa tetap di orbit lunar kapal Modul Command/Service, melakukan eksperimen ilmiah dan memotret Bulan. Dia mengambil beberapa ratus biji pada misi, banyak yang berkecambah pada kembali, sehingga disebut pohon Bulan. Shepard, Roosa, dan Mitchell mendarat di Samudra Pasifik pada 9 Februari. |
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== Galeri == |
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<center><gallery caption="Galeri" widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="4"> |
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File:Apollo 14 Shepard.jpg |
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File:Surveyor 3 landings spot.png |
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File:Antares on the Frau Mauro Highlands - GPN-2000-001144.jpg |
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File:LEM-OnTheMoon-Hires.jpg |
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File:Florida by Piotrus 196.JPG |
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File:ALSEP AS14-67-9361.jpg |
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File:Alan B. Shepard 1970 cropped.jpg |
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File:Apollo 14 crew.jpg |
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File:Apollo14 - Landung.jpg |
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</gallery></center> |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin}} |
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* Brzostowski, M.A., and Brzostowski, A.C., ''Archiving the Apollo active seismic data'', The Leading Edge, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, April, 2009. |
* Brzostowski, M.A., and Brzostowski, A.C., ''Archiving the Apollo active seismic data'', The Leading Edge, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, April, 2009. |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book|last=Chaikin|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Chaikin|title=[[A Man on the Moon]]: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts|origyear=Originally published 1994|year=2009|publisher=[[Michael Joseph (publisher)|Michael Joseph]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-14-104183-4|oclc=310154550|lccn=93048680|ref=Chaikin 2009}} |
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* {{Cite book |
* {{Cite book|last=Lattimer|first=Dick|others=Foreword by [[James A. Michener]]|title=All We Did Was Fly to the Moon|edition=1st|series=History-alive series|volume=1|year=1985|publisher=Whispering Eagle Press|location=Alachua, FL|isbn=0-9611228-0-3|ref=Lattimer}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
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{{commons|Apollo 14}} |
{{commons|Apollo 14}} |
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* [http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo14.htm "Apollo 14"] at Encyclopedia Astronautica |
* [http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo14.htm "Apollo 14"] at Encyclopedia Astronautica |
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* {{Wayback|url=http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarAtlas/maps/images/AP14_traverseL.jpg|title=Apollo 14 Traverse Map|date=20060919032908}} – [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |
* {{Wayback|url=http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarAtlas/maps/images/AP14_traverseL.jpg|title=Apollo 14 Traverse Map|date=20060919032908}} – [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |
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* {{cite web |url=http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarAtlas/maps/ |title=Apollo Mission Traverse Maps |publisher=USGS |archiveurl= |
* {{cite web |url=http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarAtlas/maps/ |title=Apollo Mission Traverse Maps |publisher=USGS |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924151815/http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/LunarAtlas/maps/ |archivedate=2006-09-24 |access-date=2014-02-09 |dead-url=no }} – Several maps showing routes of moonwalks |
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* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_14/experiments/ Apollo 14 Science Experiments] at the [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]] |
* [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_14/experiments/ Apollo 14 Science Experiments] at the [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]] |
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'''NASA reports''' |
'''NASA reports''' |
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* [https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/17977.PDF Apollo 14 Press Kit] (PDF), NASA, Release No. 71-3K, January 21, 1971 |
* [https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/17977.PDF Apollo 14 Press Kit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609154056/https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/17977.PDF |date=2009-06-09 }} (PDF), NASA, Release No. 71-3K, January 21, 1971 |
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* [http://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm "Apollo Program Summary Report"] (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975 |
* [http://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm "Apollo Program Summary Report"] (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975 |
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* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm ''The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology''] NASA, NASA SP-4009 |
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm ''The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209084600/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm |date=2017-12-09 }} NASA, NASA SP-4009 |
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* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4012/vol3/table2.42.htm "Table 2-42. Apollo 14 Characteristics"] from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA History Series (1988) |
* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4012/vol3/table2.42.htm "Table 2-42. Apollo 14 Characteristics"] from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA History Series (1988) |
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* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14AbortDiscrete.html "Masking the Abort Discrete"] – by Paul Fjeld at the [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14j.html Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Journal]. NASA. Detailed technical article describing the ABORT signal problem and its solution |
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14AbortDiscrete.html "Masking the Abort Discrete"] – by Paul Fjeld at the [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14j.html Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225232240/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14j.html |date=2004-02-25 }}. NASA. Detailed technical article describing the ABORT signal problem and its solution |
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* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS14_TEC.PDF "Apollo 14 Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription"] (PDF) [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|Manned Spacecraft Center]], NASA, February 1971 |
* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS14_TEC.PDF "Apollo 14 Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription"] (PDF) [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|Manned Spacecraft Center]], NASA, February 1971 |
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* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/sc-query.html NSSDC Master Catalog] at NASA |
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/sc-query.html NSSDC Master Catalog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002211814/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/sc-query.html |date=2007-10-02 }} at NASA |
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'''Multimedia''' |
'''Multimedia''' |
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*{{YouTube|id=rv6Cwzfj3yc|title=Apollo 14 "Mission to Fra Mauro" - NASA Space Program & Moon Landings Documentary}} |
* {{YouTube|id=rv6Cwzfj3yc|title=Apollo 14 "Mission to Fra Mauro" - NASA Space Program & Moon Landings Documentary}} |
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* {{Wayback|url=http://www.life.com/gallery/25452/apollo-14-shepard-roosa-mitchell#index/0|title="Apollo 14: Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell"|date=20110504171049}} – slideshow by [[Life (magazine)|''Life'']] magazine |
* {{Wayback|url=http://www.life.com/gallery/25452/apollo-14-shepard-roosa-mitchell#index/0|title="Apollo 14: Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell"|date=20110504171049}} – slideshow by [[Life (magazine)|''Life'']] magazine |
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* [http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/programView.php?programID=1260 "The Apollo Astronauts"] – Interview with the Apollo 14 astronauts, March 31, 1971, from the [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt3g5032c1&brand=oac Commonwealth Club of California Records] at the [http://www.hoover.org/hila/ Hoover Institution Archives] |
* [http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/programView.php?programID=1260 "The Apollo Astronauts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184854/http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/programView.php?programID=1260 |date=2011-06-13 }} – Interview with the Apollo 14 astronauts, March 31, 1971, from the [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt3g5032c1&brand=oac Commonwealth Club of California Records] at the [http://www.hoover.org/hila/ Hoover Institution Archives] |
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* [http://www.maniacworld.com/Apollo-14-Lunar-Liftoff.htm "Apollo 14 Lunar Liftoff - Video"] at [http://www.maniacworld.com/ Maniac World] |
* [http://www.maniacworld.com/Apollo-14-Lunar-Liftoff.htm "Apollo 14 Lunar Liftoff - Video"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510211611/http://www.maniacworld.com/Apollo-14-Lunar-Liftoff.htm |date=2007-05-10 }} at [http://www.maniacworld.com/ Maniac World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114015028/http://www.maniacworld.com/ |date=2006-11-14 }} |
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[[Kategori:Misi ke Bulan]] |
[[Kategori:Misi ke Bulan]] |
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[[Kategori:Misi |
[[Kategori:Misi pengembalian sampel]] |
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[[Kategori:Program Apollo]] |
[[Kategori:Program Apollo]] |
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[[Kategori:Rintisan bertopik luar angkasa]] |
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[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa yang diluncurkan tahun 1971]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 26 Februari 2024 03.42
Apollo 14 adalah sebuah misi pesawat ruang angkasa berawak kedelapan dalam program Apollo Amerika Serikat, dan yang ketiga untuk mendarat di Bulan. Itu adalah misi yang terakhir dari pendaratan "misi H" yang ditargetkan dengan dua hari tetap di Bulan dengan dua lunar EVA, atau moonwalks.
Komandan Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa, dan Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell diluncurkan pada misi sembilan hari mereka pada tanggal 31 Januari 1971 16:04:02 waktu setempat setelah 40 menit, 2 detik delay karena pembatasan situasi cuaca, penundaan pertama seperti dalam program Apollo.
Shepard dan Mitchell membuat pendaratan lunar mereka pada tanggal 5 Februari dalam Fra Mauro. Ini awalnya menjadi sasaran yang dibatalkan pada misi Apollo 13.
Selama di dalam dua lunar EVA, 42 kilogram (93 pon) batu bulan dikumpulkan dan beberapa eksperimen permukaan, termasuk studi seismik. Shepard terkenal memukul dua bola golf di permukaan bulan dengan klub darurat yang dibawanya dari Bumi. Shepard dan Mitchell menghabiskan sekitar 33 jam di Bulan, dengan sekitar 9 ½ jam pada EVA.
Sementara Shepard dan Mitchell berada di permukaan, Roosa tetap di orbit lunar kapal Modul Command/Service, melakukan eksperimen ilmiah dan memotret Bulan. Dia mengambil beberapa ratus biji pada misi, banyak yang berkecambah pada kembali, sehingga disebut pohon Bulan. Shepard, Roosa, dan Mitchell mendarat di Samudra Pasifik pada 9 Februari.
Galeri
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Brzostowski, M.A., and Brzostowski, A.C., Archiving the Apollo active seismic data, The Leading Edge, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, April, 2009.
- Chaikin, Andrew (2009) [Originally published 1994]. A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 978-0-14-104183-4. LCCN 93048680. OCLC 310154550.
- Lattimer, Dick (1985). All We Did Was Fly to the Moon. History-alive series. 1. Foreword by James A. Michener (edisi ke-1st). Alachua, FL: Whispering Eagle Press. ISBN 0-9611228-0-3.
- "Apollo 14" at Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Apollo 14 Traverse Map di astrogeology.usgs.gov Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20060919032908) – United States Geological Survey (USGS)
- "Apollo Mission Traverse Maps". USGS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-09. – Several maps showing routes of moonwalks
- Apollo 14 Science Experiments at the Lunar and Planetary Institute
NASA reports
- Apollo 14 Press Kit Diarsipkan 2009-06-09 di Wayback Machine. (PDF), NASA, Release No. 71-3K, January 21, 1971
- "Apollo Program Summary Report" (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975
- The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology Diarsipkan 2017-12-09 di Wayback Machine. NASA, NASA SP-4009
- "Table 2-42. Apollo 14 Characteristics" from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA History Series (1988)
- "Masking the Abort Discrete" – by Paul Fjeld at the Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Journal Diarsipkan 2004-02-25 di Wayback Machine.. NASA. Detailed technical article describing the ABORT signal problem and its solution
- "Apollo 14 Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription" (PDF) Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA, February 1971
- NSSDC Master Catalog Diarsipkan 2007-10-02 di Wayback Machine. at NASA
Multimedia
- Apollo 14 "Mission to Fra Mauro" - NASA Space Program & Moon Landings Documentary di YouTube
- "Apollo 14: Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell" di www.life.com Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20110504171049) – slideshow by Life magazine
- "The Apollo Astronauts" Diarsipkan 2011-06-13 di Wayback Machine. – Interview with the Apollo 14 astronauts, March 31, 1971, from the Commonwealth Club of California Records at the Hoover Institution Archives
- "Apollo 14 Lunar Liftoff - Video" Diarsipkan 2007-05-10 di Wayback Machine. at Maniac World Diarsipkan 2006-11-14 di Wayback Machine.