Lihat sumber Upacara pembukaan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008

{{Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008}}

[[Berkas:2008 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony 2.jpg|jmpl|[[Kembang api]] saat upacara pembukaan]]
'''Upacara pembukaan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008]]''' diadakan di [[Stadion Nasional Beijing]], yang juga dikenal sebagai ''Sarang Burung''. Upacara tersebut dimulai pada pukul 20:00 [[Waktu Standar China]] ([[UTC+8]]) pada hari Jumat, 8 Agustus 2008, karena terdapat angka 8-nya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tickets.beijing2008.cn/browse?category=8224&major_category=8224&game_type=olympic|title=Tickets Information – The official ticketing website of the BEIJING 2008 Olympic Games|accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->|archive-date=2008-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916112348/http://www.tickets.beijing2008.cn/browse?category=8224&major_category=8224&game_type=olympic|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>[http://www.travelchinaguide.com/news/show.asp?nid=138 "Beijing Confirms the Opening Ceremony Time for 2008 Olympics"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809233016/http://www.travelchinaguide.com/news/show.asp?nid=138 |date=2008-08-09 }}, Travel China Guide. Diakses pada 2 Agustus 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/tickets/photo/samples/n214320213.shtml|title=Photo: Opening ceremony sample ticket|date=2008-04-23|publisher=Official website|accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->|archive-date=2009-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428181155/http://en.beijing2008.cn/tickets/photo/samples/n214320213.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=OpeningCeremonyPlan>{{cite web|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/n214508163.shtml|title=Opening Ceremony plan released|date=2008-08-06|publisher=Official website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808103425/http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/n214508163.shtml|archivedate=2008-08-08|deadurl=no|accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omegawatches.com/index.php?id=1098&L=|title=Beijing 2008 As the final seconds ticked away|publisher=Omega, official timekeeper| accessdate=21 August 2009 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> [[8 (angka)#Dalam budaya|Angka 8]]<ref name="Eight"/> [[Angka dalam budaya Tionghoa|dikaitkan dengan keberuntungan]] dalam [[budaya Tionghoa]].<ref name="Eight">{{cite web |url=http://afgen.com/china8.html |title=The Number Eight And The Chinese |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427201943/http://afgen.com/china8.html |archivedate=2007-04-27 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=6 December 2013 }}</ref> Bagian artistik dari upacara tersebut dibagi menjadi dua bagian yang masing-masing diberi judul "Brilliant Civilization" dan "Glorious Era".<ref name=commitee2008born/> Bagian pertamanya menyoroti sipilisasi Tiongkok dan bagian keduanya memamerkan China modern dan impiannya dari harmoni di antara bangsa-bangsa di dunia.<ref name=commitee2008born>{{cite web|title=How the Opening Ceremony was born|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214521306.shtml|publisher=The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad|year=2008|access-date=2015-05-10|archive-date=2009-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428182905/http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214521306.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Stadionnya memiliki kapasitas 91,000 orang menurut penyelenggaranya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7550283.stm|title=Spectators awed as Games begin|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-08-09|first=Michael|last=Bristow|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080809034037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7550283.stm|archivedate=2008-08-09|deadurl=no|accessdate=6 Desember 2013}}</ref>

Acara tersebut diatur oleh pembuat film [[China]] [[Zhang Yimou]], yang merupakan ketua direktur-nya dan dibantu oleh koreografer Tiongkok [[Zhang Jigang]] dan Chen Weiya.<ref name="ceremonies">{{Cite web |url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/culture/ceremonies/n214143744.shtml |title=Zhang Yimou and his five creative generals |access-date=2015-05-10 |archive-date=2009-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428200852/http://en.beijing2008.cn/culture/ceremonies/n214143744.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sutradara musik pada upacara tersebut adalah komposer Chen Qigang.<ref name="ceremonies" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214521306.shtml|title=How the Opening Ceremony was born|accessdate=21 August 2009 <!--DASHBot-->|archive-date=2009-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428182905/http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/n214521306.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio86.co.uk/node/7480/print|title=Behind the 29th Olympic Opening Ceremony|publisher=radio86.co.uk|accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->|archive-date=2009-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111191024/http://radio86.co.uk/node/7480/print|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Upacara tersebut dikenal karena fokusnya pada [[budaya Tionghoa]] kuno, dan karena kreativitasnya, serta upacara pertama yang menggunakan teknologi [[kontrol cuaca|modifikasi cuaca]] untuk menghalau hujan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/09/content_9079637.htm|title=Beijing disperses rain to dry Olympic night|date=9 Agustus 2008|work=Chinaview.cn|author=Xinhua| accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> Menampilkan 15,000 penampil, upacata tersebut berlangsung selama empat jam dan dikabarkan menghabiskan biaya lebih dari US$300 juta untuk pembuatannya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93420251|title=China Celebrates Opening Of Summer Olympics|date=8 Agustus 2008|first=Madeleine|last=Brand|first2=Howard|last2=Berkes|work=NPR| accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>

== Kepala negara yang hadir ==
Lebih dari 100 kepala negara, kepala pemerintahan dan berdaulat hadir di upacara pembukaan tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/08/08/olympics.opening/?iref=mpstoryview|work=CNN|title=Emotion kicks off China's Olympics|date=2008-08-09|accessdate=21 August 2009 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/olympicsNews/idUST30989220080806?sp=true|work=Reuters|title=FACTBOX: World leaders to attend Olympics opening in Beijing|date=2008-08-06|accessdate=21 Agustus 2009 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> Jumlah kepala negara yang hadir di upacara pembukaan tersebut adalah jumlah yang terbesar dalam sejarah Olimpiade.<ref>http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6466194.html</ref><ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/07/content_9033271.htm</ref><ref>[http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia/beijing_lifts_air_quality_goal_for_games_537003 "Beijing lifts air quality goal for games"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504151308/http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia/beijing_lifts_air_quality_goal_for_games_537003 |date=2008-05-04 }}, World News Australia</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! style="width:50em; text-align:left" | Daftar kepala negara dan dignitari
|-
|
* {{AFG}} – Presiden [[Hamid Karzai]]
* {{ALB}} – Perdana Menteri [[Sali Berisha]] dan istrinya
* {{ALG}} – Presiden [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]
* {{AND}} – Kepala Pemerintahan [[Albert Pintat Santolària]] dan istrinya
* {{ANG}} – Presiden [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] dan istrinya
* {{ARM}} – Presiden [[Serzh Sargsyan]]
* {{AUS}} – Perdana Menteri [[Kevin Rudd]] dan istrinya [[Thérèse Rein]]
* {{AZE}} – Presiden [[Ilham Aliyev]] dan istrinya [[Mehriban Aliyeva]]
* {{BGD}} –  Ketua Staf Angkatan Darat, Jenderal [[Moeen U Ahmed]]
* {{BLR}} – Presiden [[Alexander Lukashenko]]
* {{BEL}} – [[Pangeran Philippe, Adipati Brabant|Adipati Brabant]]
* {{BIH}} – Presiden [[Haris Silajdzic]]
* {{BRA}} – Presiden [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
* {{BRU}} – Sultan [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
* {{BGR}} – Presiden [[Georgi Parvanov]]
* {{BDI}} – Presiden [[Pierre Nkurunziza]]
* {{KHM}} – Raja [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
* {{CAN}} – Menteri Luar Negeri [[David Emerson]], Menteri negara [[Helena Guergis]], dan Premier British Columbia [[Gordon Campbell (politikus Kanada)|Gordon Campbell]]
* {{TCD}} – Prime Minister [[Youssouf Saleh Abbas]]
* {{CHN}} – Presiden [[Hu Jintao]] dan [[Liu Yongqing]], mantan Presiden [[Jiang Zemin]], dan entire [[Komite Pendirian Politburo]]
* {{TPE}} – Mantan Menteri Dalam Negeri [[Wu Po-hsiung]], mantan Wakil Presiden [[Lien Chan]], mantan Gubernur Provinsi Taiwan [[James Soong]]
* {{COD}} – Presiden [[Joseph Kabila]]
* {{COK}} – Kepala Negara [[Frederick Tutu Goodwin|Sir Frederick Goodwin]] dan istrinya
* {{CRO}} – Presiden [[Stjepan Mesić]]
* {{CYP}} – Presiden [[Demetris Christofias]] dan istrinya
* {{DEN}} – [[Frederik, Pangeran Mahkota Denmark|Pangeran Mahkota]] dan [[Mary, Putri Mahkota Denmark|Putri Mahkota Denmark]]
* {{DJI}} – Perdana Menteri [[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]]
* {{FIJ}} – Perdana Menteri Interim Komodor [[Frank Bainimarama]] dan istrinya
* {{FIN}} – Perdana Menteri [[Matti Vanhanen]]
* {{FRA}} – Presiden [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] dan putranya Louis, [[Bernard Accoyer]], dan [[Jean-Pierre Raffarin]]
* {{GAB}} – Presiden [[Omar Bongo]]
* {{GER}} – Mantan Kanselir [[Gerhard Schröder]]
* {{GHA}} – Presiden [[John Agyekum Kufuor]]
* {{GRC}} – Menteri luar negeri [[Dora Bakoyannis]], Michael Liapis, mantan Raja [[Konstantinus II dari Yunani|Konstantinus II]] dan istrinya, [[Ratu Anne-Marie dari Yunani|Anne-Marie]]
* {{GUM}} – Gubernur [[Felix Camacho]]<ref name=pdn>{{cite news|first=Jojo|last=Santo Tomas|title=2008 Olympics get under way: Judoka Ric Blas Jr. chosen as flagbearer|url=http://www.guampdn.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080809/SPORTS/808090325/1006|work=[[Pacific Daily News]]|publisher=|date=2008-08-09|accessdate=8 Agustus 2008}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{GUI}} – Perdana Menteri [[Ahmed Tidiane Souaré]]
* {{HKG}} – Ketua Eksekutif [[Sir Donald Tsang]] dan Sekretaris Keuangan [[John Tsang]]
* {{HUN}} – Presiden [[Pál Schmitt]] dan istrinya
* {{ISL}} – Presiden [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]]
* {{IND}} – Presiden Kongres Nasional India (KNI) [[Sonia Gandhi]], Sekretaris Jenderal KNI [[Rahul Gandhi]], dan Ketua Komisioner Pemilihan [[M. S. Gill]]
* {{IRL}} – Menteri Olahraga [[Martin Cullen]]
* {{ISR}} – Presiden [[Shimon Peres]]
* {{ITA}} – Menteri Luar Negeri [[Franco Frattini]]
* {{JPN}} – Perdana Menteri [[Yasuo Fukuda]] dan istrinya
* {{KAZ}} – Presiden [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] dan istrinya
* {{KEN}} – Wakil Presiden [[Kalonzo Musyoka]]
* {{PRK}} – Ketua Mahkamah Tertinggi Presidium [[Kim Yong-nam|Kim Yong Nam]]
* {{KOR}} – Presiden [[Lee Myung-bak]] dan istrinya Kim Yoon-ok
* {{KGZ}} – Presiden [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]]
* {{LAO}} – Presiden [[Choummaly Sayasone]] dan istrinya
* {{LAT}} – Presiden [[Valdis Zatlers]] dan istrinya
* {{LUX}} – [[Henri, Adipati Agung Luxembourg|Henri, Adipati Agung]], and [[Maria Teresa, Adipati Wanita Agung Luxembourg|Maria Teresa, Adipati Wanita Agung]]
* {{MAD}} – President [[Marc Ravalomanana]] dan istrinya
* {{MYS}} – Raja [[Mizan Zainal Abidin dari Terengganu|Raja Mizan Zainal Abidin]] dan [[Sultanah Nur Zahirah|Ratu Nur Zahirah]]
* {{MLI}} – Presiden [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] dan istrinya
* {{MUS}} – Presiden [[Anerood Jugnauth]] dan istrinya
* {{FSM}} – Presiden [[Manny Mori]]
* {{MON}} – Kepala Negara [[Albert II, Pangeran Monako]], dan mitranya [[Charlene, Princess of Monaco|Charlene Wittstock]]
* {{MNG}} – Presiden [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] dan istrinya
* {{MNE}} – Presiden [[Filip Vujanović]] dan istrinya Svetlana
* {{MOZ}} – Presiden [[Armando Guebuza]]
* {{flag|Myanmar|1974}} – Presiden [[Thein Sein]]
* {{NED}} – [[Willem-Alexander, Pangeran Orange|Pangeran Orange]] dan istrinya [[Putri Máxima dari Belanda|Putri Máxima]], and Prime Minister [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
* {{NZL}} – Gubernur Jenderal [[Anand Satyanand]] dan istrinya
* {{NOR}} – [[Harald V dari Norwegia|Raja Harald V]] dan [[Ratu Sonja dari Norway|Queen Sonja]]
* {{PAK}} – Perdana Menteri [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]]
* {{PHI}} – Presiden [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] dan suaminya [[Jose Miguel Arroyo]]
* {{QAT}} – [[Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani]]
* {{ROU}} – Presiden [[Traian Băsescu]] dan istrinya
* {{RUS}} – Perdana Menteri [[Vladimir Putin]]
* {{SAM}} – Kepala Negara [[Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi]] dan istrinya
* {{SMR}} – [[Rosa Zafferani]] dan suaminya, dan [[Federico Pedini Amati]] dan istrinya
* {{KSA}} – [[Pangeran Bandar bin Sultan]]
* {{SRB}} – Presiden [[Boris Tadić]] dan Menteri Luar Negeri [[Vuk Jeremić]]
* {{SEY}} – Presiden [[James Alix Michel]]
* {{SIN}} – Presiden [[S. R. Nathan]]
* {{SVK}} – Presiden [[Ivan Gašparovič]] dan istrinya
* {{SLO}} – Menteri Olahraga [[Milan Zver]]
* {{RSA}} – Presiden [[Zanele Mbeki]]
* {{ESP}} – [[Felipe, Pangeran Asturias|Pangeran]] dan [[Letizia, Putri Asturias|Putri Asturias]], dan Menteri Luar Negeri [[Miguel Ángel Moratinos]]
* {{SRI}} – Presiden [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] dan istrinya Shiranthi
* {{SWE}} – Perdana Menteri [[Fredrik Reinfeldt]] dan Menteri Budaya [[Lena Adelsohn Liljeroth]]
* {{SUI}} – Presiden [[Pascal Couchepin]] dan istrinya Brigitte
* {{TJK}} – Presiden [[Emomalii Rahmon]]
* {{THA}} – [[Putri Maha Chakri Sirindhorn]] dan Perdana Menteri [[Samak Sundaravej]]
* {{TLS}} – Presiden [[José Ramos-Horta]]
* {{TOG}} – Presiden [[Faure Gnassingbé]]
* {{TON}} – Pangeran Mahkota [[ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho]] dan istrinya
* {{TKM}} – Presiden [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]
* {{UKR}} – Presiden [[Viktor Yushchenko]]
* {{GBR}} – [[Anne, Putri Kerajaan|Putri Kerajaan]] (Perdana Menteri [[Gordon Brown]] hadir pada upacara penutupan)
* {{USA}} – Presiden [[George W. Bush]] dan istrinya [[Laura Bush]], Mantan Presiden [[George H. W. Bush]] dan istrinya [[Barbara Pierce Bush|Barbara Bush]], dan Mantan Sekretaris Negara [[Henry Kissinger]]
* {{UZB}} – Presiden [[Islam Karimov]]
* {{VAN}} – Presiden [[Kalkot Mataskelekele]] dan istrinya dan Perdana Menteri [[Ham Lini]] dan istrinya
* {{VNM}} – Presiden [[Nguyễn Minh Triết]]
|}

== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Beijing|Olimpiade}}
{{commonscat-inline|2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony}}
* [[Upacara tertutup Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008]]
* [[Pengibaran bendera nasional Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008]]
* [[Empat Penemuan Besar]] <!-- basis of the theatrical portion of the ceremonies -->

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Pranala luar ==
* {{official website|http://en.beijing2008.cn/ceremonies/headlines/openingceremony/ 2008 Beijing Olympics Opening Ceremony}}
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2524984/Beijing-Olympics-How-the-opening-ceremony-unfolded.html Sequence of events] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123210730/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2524984/Beijing-Olympics-How-the-opening-ceremony-unfolded.html |date=2010-01-23 }}

{{Upacara pembukaan Permainan Olimpiade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upacara Pembukaan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008}}
[[Kategori:Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008]]
[[Kategori:Upacara pembukaan Olimpiade]]
[[Kategori:Upacara di China]]