Lihat sumber Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Taiwan

{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Taiwan–Amerika Serikat|Taiwan|USA|mission1 = [[Kantor Perwakilan Ekonomi dan Budaya Taipei di Amerika Serikat]] |mission2 = [[Institut Amerika di Taiwan]]|map = Taiwan USA Locator 2.svg}}

'''[[Taiwan|Republik Tiongkok]]''' (umumnya dikenal sebagai '''Taiwan''') dan '''[[Amerika Serikat]]''' telah mempertahankan hubungan tidak resmi sejak tahun 1979.

Hubungan antara Amerika Serikat dan [[Dinasti Qing]] dimulai pada 16 Juni 1844. Hubungan resmi antara [[pemerintahan Republik Tiongkok]] di Taiwan dengan [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat]] berakhir karena pengakuan terhadap [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Beijing]]. Amerika Serikat memiliki hubungan dengan "rakyat Taiwan" berdasarkan [[Undang-Undang Hubungan Taiwan]]. [[Kebijakan ambiguitas yang disengaja]] dari kebijakan luar negeri AS terhadap Republik Tiongkok (ROC) penting untuk menstabilkan hubungan lintas selat dan untuk membantu [https://batch-pulsa.shop ROC] dari invasi Rakyat Republik Tiongkok (RRT) jika memungkinkan, sedangkan kebijakan transparansi strategis mengenai Taiwan kemungkinan akan menimbulkan penentangan dari RRT dan menantang legitimasi AS di Asia Timur atau di luarnya.<ref>https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553551/ogdenThomas.pdf;sequence=1</ref><ref>https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/213994.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229051924_Comprehending_strategic_ambiguity_US_policy_toward_the_Taiwan_Strait_security_issue</ref>

== Sejarah ==
=== Taiwan di bawah kekuasaan Qing dan Jepang (Pra–1945) ===
[[Berkas:The American Garden.jpg|jmpl|250px|Taman Amerika di [[Tiga Belas Tempat Perdagangan]] di Kanton, 1844–1845]]
Hubungan diplomatik resmi antara Amerika Serikat dan Kekaisaran Tiongkok dimulai sekitar 16 Juni 1844 ketika kedua negara tersebut terlibat dalam perundingan yang mengarah pada Traktat Wangxia. Dari tahun 1784, para [[Konsul (perwakilan)|konsul]] dikirim ke [[Sistem Kanton|Guangzhou, pelabuhan traktat]] yang terbuka bagi para pedagang dari Amerika Serikat.<ref name=HistoryState>{{cite web|title=A GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES' HISTORY OF RECOGNITION, DIPLOMATIC, AND CONSULAR RELATIONS, BY COUNTRY, SINCE 1776: CHINA|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/china|website=history.state.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=May 2, 2015|quote=Mutual Recognition, 1844. Formal recognition by the United States of the Empire of China, and by the Empire of China of the United States, came on or about June 16, 1844, when U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Caleb Cushing presented his credentials and met with Chinese official Qiying to discuss treaty negotiations. Prior to this, the United States had dispatched consuls to Guangzhou as early as 1784—the first was Samuel Shaw, the supercargo on the Empress of China—but these had never been formally received by Chinese officials as state representatives. The two countries had acknowledged each other's existence before 1844, but the negotiations and treaty of that year marked the first recognition under international law.}}</ref>

[[Berkas:American Consulate Taihoku Formosa.jpg|jmpl|250px|Konsulat Amerika Serikat di Taihoku, Formosa]]
Dua diplomat Amerika pada tahun 1850-an mengusulkan kepada Washington bahwa AS harus mendapatkan [[Pulau Taiwan]] dari Tiongkok, namun gagasan tersebut ditolak.<ref name="Gordon2009">{{cite book|author=Leonard H. D. Gordon|title=Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPiE96EYPCkC&pg=PA32|year=2009|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-1869-6|pages=32–}}</ref><ref>Leonard Gordon, "Early American Relations with Formosa, 1849–1870." ''Historian'' 19.3 (1957): 262-289 at pp 271-77.</ref> Penduduk asli di Taiwan sering menyerang dan membantai para pelaut barat yang terdampar, dan diplomat Amerika mencoba membantu mereka.<ref>Leonard Gordon, "Early American Relations with Formosa, 1849–1870." at pp 264-68.</ref> Pada tahun 1867, semasa [[Insiden Rover]], [[penduduk asli Taiwan]] menyerang para pelaut Amerika yang terdampar, membunuh seluruh awak kapalnya. Mereka kemudian berperang melawan dan mengalahkan [[Ekspedisi Formosa|ekspedisi pembalasan oleh militer Amerika]] dan membunuh orang Amerika lainnya selama pertempuran tersebut.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQwcAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA256#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1889||pages=256–57}}</ref>

Di [[Taiwan di bawah kekuasaan Jepang|zaman Jepang]], Amerika Serikat juga memiliki sebuah [[Daftar misi diplomatik Amerika Serikat|konsulat]] di Taihoku, Formosa ([[Taipei]] saat ini) sejak tahun 1913. Konsulat ini ditutup pada tahun 1941 karena [[deklarasi perang Amerika Serikat terhadap Jepang]]. Tempat tersebut sekarang dilindungi sebagai [[Gedung Film Taipei|Bekas Konsulat Amerika di Taipei]].

=== Republik Tiongkok di Taiwan ===
{{see also|Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok}}

==== 1945–1949 ====
Pada Oktober 1945, perwakilan [[Chiang Kai-shek]], atas nama [[Blok Sekutu (Perang Dunia II)|Blok Sekutu]], dikirim ke Taiwan untuk menerima penyerahan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Kekaisaran Jepang|pasukan Jepang]]. Namun, selama periode 1940-an, tidak ada pengakuan dari [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat|Pemerintah Amerika Serikat]] bahwa Taiwan pernah dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah nasional Tiongkok.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plebiscite Proposal | accessdate=December 12, 2009 | url=http://www.taiwanbasic.com/nstatus/plebis.htm}}</ref> Chiang terus mencurigai motif Amerika.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkREps9oGR4C&dq=generalissimo+and+he+lost&q=chiang+american+motives#v=snippet&q=chiang%20did%20not%20like%20ally%20american%20motives&f=false|title=Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost|first=Jonathan|last=Fenby|year=2005|publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers|location=|page=413|isbn=0-7867-1484-0|pages=|accessdate=June 28, 2010}}</ref>

== Lihat juga ==
* [[Hubungan luar negeri Taiwan]]
* [[Hubungan luar negeri Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Status politik Taiwan]]
* [[Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{refbegin}}
* Benson, Brett V., and Emerson MS Niou. "Public opinion, foreign policy, and the security balance in the Taiwan Strait." ''Security Studies'' 14.2 (2005): 274-289.
* Bush, Richard C. ''At cross purposes: US-Taiwan relations since 1942'' (Routledge, 2015).
* Carpenter, Ted Galen. ''America's coming war with China: a collision course over Taiwan'' (Macmillan, 2015).
* Glaser, Charles L. "A US-China grand bargain? The hard choice between military competition and accommodation." ''International Security'' 39#4 (2015): 49-90.
* Hickey, Dennis Van Vranken. "America's Two-point Policy and the Future of Taiwan." ''Asian Survey'' (1988): 881-896. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644592 in JSTOR]
* Hickey, Dennis V. "Parallel Progress: US-Taiwan Relations During an Era of Cross-Strait Rapprochement." ''Journal of Chinese Political Science'' 20#4 (2015): 369-384.
* Hu, Shaohua. "A Framework for Analysis of National Interest: United States Policy toward Taiwan," ''Contemporary Security Policy'', Vol. 37, No. 1 (April 2016): 144-167.
* Liao, Nien-chung Chang, and Dalton Kuen-da Lin. "Rebalancing Taiwan–US Relations." ''Survival'' 57#6 (2015): 145-158. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nien_Chung_Chang_Liao/publication/284517033_Rebalancing_Taiwan-US_Relations/links/56cfce2708ae85c82344af1c.pdf online]
* Ling, Lily HM, Ching-Chane Hwang, and Boyu Chen. "Subaltern straits:‘exit’,‘voice’, and ‘loyalty’in the United States–China–Taiwan relations." ''International Relations of the Asia-Pacific'' (2009): lcp013.
* Peraino, Kevin. ''A Force So Swift: Mao, Truman, and the Birth of Modern China, 1949'' (2017), focus on .S. policy in 1949

{{refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p164001coll21&CISOPTR=164&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 Taiwan-US Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231932/http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp164001coll21&CISOPTR=164&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |date=2016-03-03 }} from the [http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/ Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112062354/http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/ |date=2012-01-12 }}
* [http://www.taiwanbasic.com/nstatus/guidance.htm Mandatory Guidance from Department of State Regarding Contact with Taiwan]
* [https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35855.htm U.S. Relations With Taiwan]
* [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552521 Taiwan - US Relations] from the [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/549457 Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives]
* [http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2002/04/a-primer-on-us-china-taiwan-policy Stating America's Case to China's Hu Jintao: A Primer on U.S.-China-Taiwan Policy]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taiwan-United States relations}}
[[Kategori:Hubungan bilateral Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Hubungan bilateral Taiwan|Amerika Serikat]]
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