Orang Arab: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{otheruses|Arab}}
{{for|penduduk negara Arab Saudi|Orang Arab Saudi}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group = Orang Arab<br/><big>العرب,</big> ''Al-ʿArab''
|image = [[Berkas:Arab infobox.jpg|300px]]
|caption = <small>[[Filipus si Arab|Filipus]] • [[Yohanes dari Damaskus|Yohanes]] • [[Al-Kindi]] • [[Al-Khansa]]<br/>[[Faisal I dari Irak|Faisal I]] • [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] • [[Asmahan]] • [[May Ziade]]</small>
|population = Sekitar 500 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia<ref>Margaret Kleffner Nydell [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC&printsec Understanding Arabs: a guide for modern times], Intercultural Press, 2006, ISBN 1-931930-25-2</ref> 450 juta diantaranya tinggal di negara-negara Arab {{flag|Liga Arab}}
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Prancis}}
|pop1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Brasil}}
|pop2 =
|region3 = {{flagcountry|Turki}}
|pop3 = 5.000.000<ref name=JoshuaProject>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=TU|title=Country - Turkey :: Joshua Project Joshua Project|author=Joshua Project|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|region4 = {{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}}
|pop4 = 3.500.000<ref name="The Arab American Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |title=The Arab American Institute |publisher=Aaiusa.org |accessdate=17 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601221810/http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |archivedate=1 June 2006 |df= }}</ref>
|region5 = {{flagcountry|Kolombia}}
|pop5 = 3.200.000<ref name="La República, 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.larepublica.co/analisis/simon-gaviria-munoz-401830/colombia-y-medio-oriente-3350223 |title=Colombia y Medio Oriente |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>
|region6 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|pop6 = 1.900.000–2.600.000<ref name="Fearab.org.ar">{{cite web |url=http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |title=الهجرة السورية اللبنانية إلى الأرجنتين |publisher=Fearab.org.ar |accessdate=13 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |archivedate=2010-06-20 |df= }}</ref>
|region7 = {{flagcountry|
|pop7 = 1.800.000<ref name="arab-colpal">http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/hodaot2013n/11_13_097e.pdf</ref>
|region8 = {{flagcountry|
|pop8 = 1.700.000<ref name="thedailybeast.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html|title=Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref>
|region9 = {{flagcountry|Iran}}
Baris 26:
|region10 = {{flagcountry|Italia}}
|pop10 = 1.400.000<ref>{{Cite web|title = Islam in Italy - Euro-Islam: News and Analysis on Islam in Europe and North America|url = http://www.euro-islam.info/country-profiles/italy/|website = www.euro-islam.info|access-date = 2016-02-09}}</ref>
|region11 = {{flagcountry|
|pop11 = 1.300.000<ref name="chad">{{cite web |url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |title=Chad |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424020620/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |archivedate=24 April 2013 |accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref>
|region12 = {{flagcountry|Jerman}}
Baris 32:
|region13 = {{flagcountry|Meksiko}}
|pop13 = 1.100.000'''<ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mexico.htm |title=World Statesmen.org |publisher=World Statesmen.org |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref>
|region14 = {{flagcountry|
|pop14 = 1.000.000<ref name="aurora-israel.co.il">{{es icon}} [http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610201209/http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |date=2010-06-10 }}</ref>.
Baris 38:
|pop15 = 650.000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007009-eng.htm |title=Statistics Canada |publisher=Statistics Canada |date= |accessdate=2013-07-16 }}</ref>.
|region16 = {{flagcountry|
|pop16 = 550.000 <ref>{{cite web|title=The British Arab|url=http://www.naba.org.uk/CONTENT/articles/Diaspora/british_arabs.htm|publisher=National Association of British Arabs|accessdate=17 April 2012|author= Anthony McRoy}}</ref>
|region17 = {{flagcountry|Belanda}}
Baris 45:
|region18 = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop18 = 350.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|title=Monash University Research Repository|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015|archive-date=2005-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415074055/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| region19 = {{flagcountry|
| pop19 = 150.000-200.000<ref>{{cite web|author=Larry Luxner|url=http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200104/the.arabs.of.honduras.htm|title=The Arabs of Honduras|publisher=Saudi Aramco World|date=2001|accessdate=11 February 2016}}</ref>
|region20 = {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|pop20 =
|tablehdr =
|regions =
|tablehdr =
|languages = [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]], [[Bahasa Arab Selatan Modern|Arab Selatan Modern]],<ref>[http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713113954/http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=2019-07-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713113954/http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=2019-07-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713113954/http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=2019-07-13 }} Kister, M.J. "{{IPA|Ķuāḍa}}." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 10 April 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713113954/http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=2019-07-13 }}: "The name is an early one and can be traced in fragments of the old Arab poetry. The tribes recorded as {{IPA|Ķuḍā'ī}} were: Kalb [q.v.], Djuhayna , Balī, Bahrā' [q.v.], Khawlān [q.v.], Mahra , Khushayn, Djarm, 'Udhra [q.v.], Balkayn [see al-Kayn ], Tanūkh [q.v.] and Salīh"</ref><ref>Serge D. Elie, [http://cy.revues.org/document186.html "Hadiboh: From Peripheral Village to Emerging City"], ''Chroniques Yéménites'': "In the middle, were the Arabs who originated from different parts of the mainland (e.g., prominent Mahrî tribes10, and individuals from Hadramawt, and Aden)". Footnote 10: "Their neighbours in the West scarcely regarded them as Arabs, though they themselves consider they are of the pure stock of Himyar.”</ref> berbagai dialek Bahasa Arab
|religions =
94,79% '''[[Islam]]''' <br/>([[
}}
'''
Berdasarkan [[agama Abrahamik
== Etimologi ==
Menurut bahasa, ''ʻArab'' artinya [[
== Gambaran umum ==
Baris 109:
== Genealogi suku-suku Arab ==
{{
Ditilik dari silsilah dan cikal-bakalnya, para sejarawan membagi suku Arab menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu:
* '''Arab Ba'idah''',<br /> Kaum-kaum Arab terdahulu yang sudah punah dan tidak mungkin sejarahnya bisa dilacak secara rinci dan komplet, seperti [[ʿĀd]], [[Tsamud]], [[Thasm]], [[Judais]], [[Imliq|'Imlaq]] dan lain-lainnya.
* '''Arab 'Aribah''',<br /> Kaum-kaum Arab yang berasal dari keturunan [[Ya'rub]] bin Yasyjub bin [[Qahthan]], atau disebut pula [[Bani Qahthan|Qahthaniyah]].
* '''Arab Musta'ribah''',<br /> yaitu kaum-kaum Arab yang berasal dari keturunan [[Isma'il]], yang disebut pula [[Bani Adnan|'Adnaniyyun]].
Bangsa Arab merupakan bangsa paling kuno yang mempertahankan tradisi keluhuran mereka tanpa adanya pengaruh dari bangsa lain. Penyebabny adalah kondisi wilayah Jazirah Arab yang tertutup. Bangsa lain sulit menyerang karena sulit memasuki wilayah ini. Dalam jangka waktu yang lama, bangsa Arab telah menjadi satu-satunya bangsa yang menghuni Jazirah Arab. Berdasarkan kondisi budaya dan perbedaan [[dialek]], bangsa Arab dibedakan menjadi bangsa Arab Utara atau Adnani dan bangsa [[Arab Selatan]] atau Qaththani.{{Sfn|Khaththab|2019|p=122-123}}
Tempat kelahiran Arab 'Aribah atau kaum Qahthan adalah negeri [[Yaman]], lalu berkembang menjadi beberapa kabilah dan suku. Dua kabilah terbesar kelompok Arab 'Aribah adalah [[Kerajaan Himyar|Himyar]] dan [[Bani Kahlan|Kahlan]]. Kabilah Himyar diantaranya memiliki suku-suku besar seperti [[Zaid Al-Jumhur]], [[Bani Qudha'ah|Qudha'ah]] dan [[Sakasik]]. Adapun kabilah Kahlan terdapat suku [[Bani Hamdan|Hamadan]], Anmar, [[Tha'i|Thayyi']], Madzhaj, [[Bani Kindah|Kindah]], [[Bani Lakhm|Lakham]], [[Bani Judzam|Judzam]], [[Bani Azad|Azd]], [[Aus]], [[Khazraj]], anak keturunan Jafnah raja [[Syam]] dan lain-lainnya. Suku-suku Kahlan banyak yang hijrah meninggalkan Yaman, lalu menyebar ke berbagai penjuru Jazirah menjelang terjadinya banjir besar saat mereka mengalami kegagalan dalam perdagangan.
Baris 129:
== Peradaban ==
Wilayah Arab Utara pernah menjadi bagian dari banyak negara Arab. Wilayah Hijr di dekat Teluk Aqabah pernah menjadi wilayah negara Lihyaniyah. Bagian selatan dari Suriah menjadi wilayah dari negara Anbath. Di gurun Syam terdapat Kerajaan Tadmur. Di perbatasan Iran pernah terdapat kerajaan Manadzirah. Di wilayah Syam juga pernah ada Kerajaan Ghassaniyah dan di Najed pernah berdiri Kerajaan Kindah. Penemuan arkeologi memberikan penguatan informasi bahwa di Arab Selatan juga pernah ada empat negara yang memiliki peradaban. Keempatnya adalah negara Ma'in, Saba', [[Hadramaut]] dan Qatban.{{Sfn|Khaththab|2019|p=123}}
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 145:
* {{Cite book|last=Khaththab|first=Mahmud Syait|date=2019|title=Rasulullah Sang Panglima: Meneladani Strategi dan Kepemimpinan Nabi dalam Berperang|location=Sukoharjo|publisher=Pustaka Arafah|isbn=978-602-6337-06-1|ref={{sfnref|Khaththab|2019}}|url-status=live}}
== Bacaan
* Touma, Habib Hassan. ''The Music of the Arabs''. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus P, 1996. ISBN 0-931340-88-8.
* Lipinski, Edward. ''Semitic Languages: Outlines of a Comparative Grammar'', 2nd ed., Orientalia Lovanensia Analecta: Leuven 2001
Baris 151:
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01663a.htm The Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton Company, 1907, Online Edition, K. Night 2003: article Arabia]
* https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html#People {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211319/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html#People |date=2018-12-24 }}
* History of Arabic language, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. [http://www.paklinks.com/gs/archive/index.php/t-4130.html]. Diakses
* The Arabic language, National Institute for Technology and Liberal Education web page (2006) [http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=36]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses
* Ankerl, Guy. ''Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INUPRESS, 2000. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.''
* Hooker, Richard. "Pre-Islamic Arabic Culture." WSU Web Site.
* Owen, Roger. "State Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East 3rd Ed" Page 57 ISBN 0-415-29714-1
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