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{{Infobox Government agency
|agency_name = UnitedSurvei StatesGeologi GeologicalAmerika SurveySerikat
|logo = USGS logo green.svg
|logo_width = 160px
|logo_caption = Logo Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat
|seal = US-GeologicalSurvey-Seal of the United States Geological Survey.svg
|seal_width = 140px
|seal_caption = LogoLambang UnitedSurvei StatesGeologi GeologicalAmerika SurveySerikat
|picture = Flag of the United States Geological Survey.png
|formed = [[3 Maret]] [[1879]]
|picture_caption = Bendera Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat
|formed = {{start date and age|1879|03|03}}
|preceding1 =
|preceding2 =
|jurisdiction = [[Amerika Serikat]]
|headquarters = [[Reston, [[Virginia]]
|coordinates = {{coord|38.9470|-77.3675|type:landmark_region:US-VA|display=inline,title}}
|employees = 8.670 (2009)
|budget = [[USD|US$]]1,1 miliar (FY2010)<ref>{{cite press release|title=Secretary Salazar Applauds Senate’s Confirmation of Dr. Marcia McNutt as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey|url=http://www.doi.gov/news/09_News_Releases/102209.html|date=October 22, 2009|publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior|accessdate=2009-11-07}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.doi.gov/news/09_News_Releases/102209.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-01-17 |archive-date=2009-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029151143/http://www.doi.gov/news/09_News_Releases/102209.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|parent_agency = [[Departemen Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat]]
|chief1_name = [[Marcia McNutt]]
|chief1_position = <ref>{{cite news|author=Straub, Noelle|title=Senate Confirms Nominees for Interior, DOE |url=http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/10/22/22greenwire-senate-confirms-nominees-for-interior-doe-23080.html|date=October 22, 2009|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-10-22}}</ref> Direktur
|chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
|parent_agency = [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]]
|child1_agency =
|website = [http://www.usgs.gov www.usgs.gov]
|footnotes =
}}
'''UnitedSurvei StatesGeologi GeologicalAmerika SurveySerikat''' ({{lang-en|United States Geological Survey}}, '''USGS'''; Badan Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat) adalah sebuah agensi ilmiah [[pemerintah Amerika Serikat|pemerintah]] [[Amerika Serikat]]. Para ilmuwan dan [[seismologi]] USGS mempelajari [[lansekap]] Amerika Serikat, [[sumber daya alam]]nya, dan [[bencana alam]] yang mengancamnya. Organisasi ini memiliki empat disiplin ilmiah utama, yaitu [[biologi]], [[geografi]], [[geologi]], dan [[air]]. USGS adalah organisasi riset pencari-fakta yang tidak memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengatur.
 
USGS didirikan pada 3 Maret 1879. USGS adalah bagian dari [[Departemen Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat|Departemen Dalam Negeri]], dan merupakan satu-satunya badan keilmuan di departemen tersebut. USGS mempekerjakan sekitar 8.670 pegawai.<ref name=AP-20091023>{{cite news|agency= [[Associated Press]]|title= Monterey Aquarium's McNutt new USGS Director|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010126506_apususgsdirector.html|work= [[The Seattle Times]]|date=October 23, 2009|accessdate=October 25, 2009}}</ref> USGS berkantor pusat di [[:en:Reston, Virginia|Reston]], [[Virginia]]. Selain itu, USGS juga memiliki kantor di [[:en:Lakewood, Colorado|Lakewood]], [[Colorado]], [[:en:Denver Federal Center|Denver Federal Center]], dan [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], [[California]].
USGS didirikan pada [[3 Maret]] [[1879]]. Direkturnya saat ini (2009) adalah Marcia McNutt.
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The USGS was founded [[March 3]], [[1879]] from disparate regional survey agencies by [[Clarence King]]. Since [[1962]], it has been involved in global, [[Moon|lunar]] and [[planet|planetary]] exploration and [[map]]ping. Part of the [[United States Department of the Interior]], it is the department's sole scientific agency. The USGS employs approximately 10,000 people and is headquartered in [[Reston, Virginia|Reston]], [[Virginia]], with major offices in [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Colorado]], and [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], [[California]].
 
Motto USGS adalah "ilmu pengetahuan untuk sebuah dunia yang berubah".
The USGS is the primary civilian mapping agency in the United States, and is best known for its 1:24,000 scale, 7.5-minute quadrangle [[topographic map|topographic maps]].
 
USGS juga menjalankan 17 pusat riset di Amerika Serikat, termasuk Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
The USGS operates the [[National Earthquake Information Center]] in [[Golden, Colorado]] which detects the location and magnitude of earthquakes worldwide. The NEIC informs both appropriate authorities and the media, domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes.
 
== Sejarah ==
The USGS [[National Geomagnetism Program]] monitors the [[magnetic field]] at magnetic observatories and distributes [[magnetometer]] data in real time.
USGS dibentuk berdasarkan [[United States Congress|Congress]] pada tanggal 3 Maret 1879. USGS ditugasi untuk "mengklasifikasikan tanah publik, dan meneliti struktur geologinya serta sumber daya mineralnya" Tugas ini diberikan pada USGS mengingat pentingnya untuk menginventarisir setiap jengkal tanah milik Amerika Serikat pada masa perang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1050/establish.htm |title=Establishment of the U.S. Geological Survey, USGS Circular 1050 |publisher=United States Geological Survery |date= |accessdate=February 5, 2014}}</ref>
 
== Daftar Direktur USGS ==
As of [[2005]], the agency is working to create a [[National Volcano Early Warning System]] by improving the instrumentation monitoring the 169 [[volcano]]es in U.S. territory and by establishing methods for measuring the relative threats posed at each site.
[[Berkas:Clarence King.jpg|thumb|lurus|[[:en:Clarence King|Clarence King]], direktur pertama USGS]]
-->
 
{| style="float:left;" border="0"
Motto USGS adalah "ilmu pengetahuan untuk sebuah dunia yang berubah".
|
* 1879–1881 [[:en:Clarence King|Clarence King]]
* 1881–1894 [[John Wesley Powell]]
* 1894–1907 Charles Doolittle Walcott
* 1907–1930 George Otis Smith
* 1930–1943 Walter Curran Mendenhall
* 1943–1956 William Embry Wrather
* 1956–1965 Thomas Brennan Nolan
* 1965–1971 William Thomas Pecora
* 1971–1978 Vincent Ellis McKelvey
* 1978–1981 Henry William Menard
* 1981–1993 Dallas Lynn Peck
* 1994–1997 Gordon P. Eaton
* 1998–2005 Charles G. Groat
* 2006–2009 Mark Myers
* 2009–2013 Marcia McNutt
* 2014–sekarang Suzette Kimball (nominated)<ref>{{cite news|first= David|last= Malakoff|work= Science Insider|url= http://news.sciencemag.org/earth/2014/01/lead-usgs-obama-turns-agency-veteran|title= To Lead USGS, Obama Turns to Agency Veteran|date= January 9, 2014}}</ref>
|}
{{clear left}}
 
== Program ==
USGS juga menjalankan 17 pusat riset di Amerika Serikat, termasuk [[Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]].
[[File:Usgs-headquarters.jpeg|thumb|Kantor pusat USGS di [[:en:Reston, Virginia|Reston, Virginia]]]]
[[File:Anim7 us.gif|thumb|Animasi gempa bumi dari 16 Mei hingga 22 Mei 2016]]
[[File:Recent Earthquakes Last 8-30 Days.gif|thumb|Gempa bumi dari 23 April hingga 23 Mei 2010]]
Sejak 2012, USGS berfokus pada enam topik,<ref>{{cite web|title = Start with science |url=http://www.usgs.gov/start_with_science/ |publisher= United States Geological Survey |accessdate=October 3, 2012}}</ref> yakni:
# Iklim dan Perubahan Penggunaan Tanah
# Sistem Pengetahuan Inti
# Ekosistem
# Energi dan Mineral
# Kesehatan Lingkungan
# Bencana Alam
# Air <ref>{{cite web |title = Map of Geographic Areas |url = http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/organized/key_officials.asp#geo_area_map |accessdate = December 12, 2012 |archive-date = 2013-01-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130115205356/http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/organized/key_officials.asp#geo_area_map |dead-url = yes }}</ref>
 
Program-program USGS lainnya, antara lain:
 
* [[Earthquake Hazards Program]],<ref>[http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov earthquake.usgs.gov]</ref> yang memonitor aktivitas [[gempa]] di seluruh dunia. USGS juga mengadakan atau mendukung beberapa jaringan pemantauan lokal di Amerika Serikat, dibawah payung Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS).<ref>http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/monitoring/anss/</ref> USGS akan menginformasikan ke pihak-pihak terkait jika terjadi gempa yang berpengaruh signifikan. USGS juga menyimpan arsip aktivitas gempa, untuk kepentingan sains ataupun lainnya
* Sejak 2005, USGS telah mengupayakan adanya [[Volcano warning schemes of the United States|National Volcano Early Warning System]] dengan meningkatkan instrumen pengamatan di 169 gunung api di Amerika Serikat dan menyiapkan metode untuk mengukur tingkat bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh gunung api tersebut.
* [[National Geomagnetism Program]] untuk memantau medan magnet bumi di observatorium magnetik dan mendistribusikan data [[magnetometer]] secara langsung
* USGS berkolaborasi dengan [[Kanada]] and [[Meksiko]], juga dengan [[Commission for Environmental Cooperation]], untuk memproduksi [[North American Environmental Atlas]], yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan dan melacak isu-isu lingkungan untuk kepentingan pihak-pihak terkait.
* USGS mengoperasikan 7400 pengukur kecepatan arus sungai di Amerika Serikat dan menyediakan datanya secara daring.<ref>[http://waterwatch.usgs.gov waterwatch.usgs.gov]</ref>
* National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)<ref>[https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/ nccwsc.usgs.gov]</ref> didikan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman penggunaan tentang penggunaan lahan, dan mengembangkan prakiraan penggunaan lahan pada masa depan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nccwsc.usgs.gov/ |title=NCCWSC Web site |accessdate=July 20, 2011}}</ref>
* Sejak 1962, [[Astrogeology Research Program]] telah dilibatkan dalam program penjelajahan [[bulan]] dan [[planet]]. Maupun pemetaannya.
* Berkolaborasi dengan [[Stanford University]], USGS juga mengoperasikan USGS-Stanford Ion Microprobe Laboratory,<ref>[http://shrimprg.stanford.edu/ shrimprg.stanford.edu]</ref>{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}<!-- the self-promotional web page doesn't support "world-class" --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://shrimprg.stanford.edu/bibliography/Ion_Probe_Bibliography7-07.htm |title=SHRIMP-RG Bibliography as of 24, July 2007 |access-date=2015-07-30 |archive-date=2008-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707031820/http://shrimprg.stanford.edu/bibliography/Ion_Probe_Bibliography7-07.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> untuk meneliti tentang U-(Th)-Pb [[geokronologi]] dan melacak asal mineral tersebut.
* USGS juga mengoperasikan [[National Wildlife Health Center]], yang misinya untuk "Melayani negara dan sumber daya alammya dengan menyediakan ilmu pengetahuan dan dukungan teknisnya, serta untuk menyebarkan informasi mengenai keputusan yang berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan. NWHC juga menyediakan informasi, bantuan teknis, riset, dan edukasi mengenai isu-isu lingkungan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/ |title=National Wildlife Health Center |accessdate=December 27, 2007 |archive-date=2007-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212203201/http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> USGS juga mempunyai 17 pusat riset biologi di Amerika Serikat, termasuk [[Patuxent Wildlife Research Center]].
* USGS juga menggandeng [[Twitter]] untuk mengembangkan ShakeMaps, untuk mengukur dampak gempa bumi secara langsung <ref name="twittereq">Mahalia Miller, Lynne Burks, and Reza Bosagh Zadeh [http://stanford.edu/~rezab/papers/eqtweets.pdf Rapid Estimate of Ground Shaking Intensity by Combining Simple Earthquake Characteristics with Tweets], Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering</ref><ref name="twittereqblog">Reza Bosagh Zadeh [https://blog.twitter.com/2014/using-twitter-to-measure-earthquake-impact-in-almost-real-time Using Twitter to measure earthquake impact in almost real time], Twitter Engineering</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 47 ⟶ 88:
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonsCommons category|Category:United States Geological Survey}}
* {{en}} [http://www.usgs.gov/ Situs web resmi]
** [http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1050/ USGS Circular 1050 (Sejarah USGS)]
** [http://water.usgs.gov/ Air]
** [http://geology.usgs.gov/index.shtml Geologi]
** [http://geography.usgs.gov/ Geografi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229134602/http://geography.usgs.gov/ |date=2006-12-29 }}
** [http://biology.usgs.gov/ Biologi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112192842/http://biology.usgs.gov/ |date=2010-11-12 }}
* {{en}} [http://geomag.usgs.gov Program Geomagnetisme USGS]
 
Baris 61 ⟶ 102:
[[Kategori:Geologi]]
[[Kategori:Kartografi]]
 
[[bg:Геологически топографски институт на САЩ]]
[[ca:Servei Geològic dels Estats Units]]
[[cs:United States Geological Survey]]
[[da:United States Geological Survey]]
[[de:United States Geological Survey]]
[[en:United States Geological Survey]]
[[eo:United States Geological Survey]]
[[es:Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos]]
[[et:Ameerika Ühendriikide Geoloogiateenistus]]
[[eu:United States Geological Survey]]
[[fa:سازمان نقشه‌برداری‌های زمین‌شناسی آمریکا]]
[[fi:Yhdysvaltain geologian tutkimuskeskus]]
[[fr:United States Geological Survey]]
[[hi:संयुक्त राज्य भूगर्भ सर्वेक्षण]]
[[it:United States Geological Survey]]
[[ja:アメリカ地質調査所]]
[[ko:미국 지질조사국]]
[[ms:Pemantauan Geologi Amerika Syarikat]]
[[nl:United States Geological Survey]]
[[no:Amerikas forente staters geologiske undersøkelse]]
[[pl:United States Geological Survey]]
[[pt:Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos]]
[[ro:Serviciul de prospectare geologică al Statelor Unite]]
[[ru:Геологическая служба США]]
[[simple:United States Geological Survey]]
[[sr:Геолошки топографски институт САД]]
[[sv:USGS]]
[[tr:ABD Jeolojik Araştırma Kurumu]]
[[uk:United States Geological Survey]]
[[vi:Cục Khảo sát Địa chất Hoa Kỳ]]
[[zh:美國地質調查局]]
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