Vincent van Gogh
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Vincent van Gogh (30 ga watan March, 1853 zuwa 29 ga watan July 1890) mai fenti ne. Van Gogh an haife shi a Groot-Zundert (yanzu Holanda) a shekara ta 1853, ya mutu a Auvers-sur-Oise (Faransa) a shekara ta 1890. Ya kasance mai zane ne na kasar Holand wanda daga bisani ya zamo shahararren mai zane a tarihin Yammacin Turai. A tsakanin shekaru goma, ya samar da kayan fasaha sama da guda 2,100, akalla guda 860 na daga zanen fenti na mai, mafi akasarinsu a shekaru biyu na karshen rayuwarsa. Wadannan zanuka sun hada da zanen wurare, zanen mutane da kuma zanen kansa wadanda akayi da kaloli masu kauri da kuma buroshi acikin fasaha. Bai samu nasara ba ta fuskar kasuwancin sana'arsa sannan kuma ya sha fama da kunci da kuma talauci, wanda hakan yasa ya kashe kansa a lokacin da yake da shekaru talatin da bakwai.
A haifeshi a karkashin dangi masu matsakaicin karfi, Van Gogh ya fara zane a lokacin da yake karami kuma ya kasance mai mayar da hankali, shiru-shiru kuma mai zurfin tunani. A yayin samartakarsa, ya kasance mai cinikayyar zane, kuma yana yawan tafiye-tafiye, amma ya fara shiga kunci a yayinda ya koma London. Ya koma mabiyin addini inda ya cigaba da bin mishanrin kirista na Protestant a kudancin Roman Katolika na kasar Belgium. Ya fara rashin lafiya kuma ya sama kanshi acikin hali na kadaici kafin ya fara zane a 1881. Bayan ya koma gidan iyayena, kaninsa Theo van Gogh ya cigaba da taimaka masa da kudi. Su biyun sun cigaba da zumunci ta hanyar sakonnin wasika. Ayyukansa na farko-farko na abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanensa na 'yan aikin gida suna nuna kwarewarsa a wajen zane. Ya koma Faris acikin shekarar 1886 inda ya hadu da membobin Avant-garde kamar su Émile Bernard da kuma Paul Gauguin wadanda a lokacin suke adawa da salon zanen Impressionist. Bayan ya kara kwarewa, ya samar da sabon salo na zanen abubuwa marasa rai da kuma zanen wurare. Zanen sun kara kyawu bayan ya samar da fitaccen salon zane a lokacin zamansa a Arles a kudancin Faransa, a cikin shekarar alif 1888. Acikin wannan lokacin, ya kara fadada darussan zanensa wanda suka hada da jerin zanukan itacen zaitun da dai sauransu.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kuruciyarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Vincent Willem van Gogh a ranar 30a watan March shekara ta 1853 a garin Groot-Zundert, a gundumar mabiya Katolika na North Brabant da ke Netherlands.[1] Shine babban da ga Theodorus van Gogh (1822–1885), minista na cocin Dutch Reformed Church mahaifiyar Vincent kuma itace Anna Cornelia Carbentus (1819–1907). An rada wa Vincent sunan kakansa sannan kuma suna ne da aka sanya wa wansa da yazo ba rai. Vincent ya kasance sananne suna ga dangin Van Gogh. Suna ne na kakansa, wani shahararren dillalin zane-zane kuma masanin fighu daga jami'ar Leiden University a shekara ta 1811.
Mahaifiyar Van Godh ta fito ne daga dangin attajirai na garin The Hague,[2] sannan kuma mahaifinsa shine dan auta ga wani minista.[3]
Van Gogh ya kasance da ne kwazo da kuma zurfin tunani.[4] Mahaifiyarsa ce ta horar dashi tun daga gida, sannan a shekarar 1860, an turashi makarantar kauyensu. Acikin shekara ta 1864, an sanya shi a makarantar kwana da ke Zevenbergen,[5] inda ya ji kamar ba'a sanso kuma yayi ta yunkurin dawowa gida. A dalilin haka daga baya, iyayensa suka turashi makarantar sakandare da ke Tilburg, inda anan ma ya kara fadawa cikin kunci.[6] Ya fara sha'awar zane tun yana yaro. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta kara karfafa masa gwiwa da yayi zane.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Pomerans, Arnold (1997). The Letters of Vincent van Gogh. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-044674-6.
- ↑ Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). Van Gogh: The Life. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9. pp 14-16
- ↑ Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). Van Gogh: The Life. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9. p 59
- ↑ Sweetman, David (1990). Van Gogh: His Life and His Art. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-671-74338-3.
- ↑ Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé (in French). Alpine Fine Arts. ISBN 978-0-933516-31-1. pp 25-25
- ↑ Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). Van Gogh: The Life. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9. pp. 45-49
- ↑ Naifeh & Smith (2011), 36–50.