Cututtukan da gurɓatar yanayi ke haifarwa

Cututtukan da gurɓatar yanayi ke haifarwa
	jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia

Cututtuka da gurbatar yanayi ke haifarwa, suna haifar da rashin lafiya na yau da kullun da mutuwar kusan mutane miliyan 8.4 kowace shekara.^[1] Koyaya, gurɓataccen abu yana karɓar ɗan ƙaramin abin sha'awa daga al'ummar duniya. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gurbatar yanayi yana haifar da cututtuka da yawa wanda sau da yawa yana da wuya a iya daidaita layi tsakanin sanadi da Kuma sakamako.

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙazanta da yawa, Duk waɗanda suka haɗa da waɗanda gurɓataccen iska, gurɓataccen ƙasa, gurɓataccen ruwa da rashin ruwa, tsafta da tsafta (WASH). Ana iya rage gurɓacewar iska.^[2]

Cututtukan muhalli da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da gurbatar yanayi

Cututtukan muhalli sakamako ne kai tsaye daga muhalli. Wannan ya haɗa da cututtuka da ke haifar da shaye-shaye, fallasa ga sinadarai masu guba, da abubuwan jiki a cikin muhalli, kamar UV radiation daga rana, da kuma tsinkayen kwayoyin halitta. Sannan A halin yanzu, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da gurɓatawa ana danganta su da kamuwa da guba a cikin iska, ruwa, da ƙasa. Don haka, duk cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da gurɓataccen yanayi cututtukan muhalli ne, amma ba duk cututtukan muhalli ba ne cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da gurɓatawa.^[3]

Cututtukan gurbacewar iska

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), gurbacewar iska na da nasaba da mutuwar mutane kusan miliyan 7 da wuri. Anan ne takaitattun cututtuka da gurbatar iska ke haifarwa:^[4]

Gurbacewar iska a waje

40% - cututtukan zuciya na ischemic
40% - bugun jini
11% - cututtuka na huhu na kullum
6% - ciwon huhu
3% - m ƙananan cututtuka na numfashi a cikin yara^[5]

Gurbacewar ruwa

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC): “ Cututtukan ruwa suna haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za a iya yada su kai tsaye ta gurɓataccen ruwa. Sannan Yawancin cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa suna haifar da ciwon gudawa [A kula: ba duk cututtukan da aka lissafa a ƙasa ke haifar da gudawa ba]. Kashi tamanin da takwas na masu fama da gudawa a duniya suna da alaƙa da rashin tsaftataccen ruwan sha, rashin isasshen tsafta ko rashin tsafta . Wadannan lokuta Kuma suna haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, yawanci a cikin yara ƙanana. Dalilin mutuwar da aka saba shine rashin ruwa. Galibin cututtukan gudawa da mace-mace na faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa saboda rashin tsaftataccen ruwa, rashin tsafta, Duk da rashin tsafta. Sauran cututtuka na ruwa ba sa haifar da gudawa; a maimakon haka wadannan cututtuka na iya haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da ciwon fata, da kuma lalata gabobi.

Cututtukan ruwa

Amoebiasis
Buruli ulcer
Campylobacter
Kwalara
Cryptosporidiosis
Cyclosporiasis
Dracunculiasis (cutar guinea-worm)
Escherichia coli
Ciwon koda
Ciwon zuciya
Ciwon Hanta
Leptospirosis
Norovirus
Cutar virus
Salmonella
Schistosomiasis
Shigellosis
Zazzabin Typhoid

Cututtuka masu nasaba da rashin tsafta da tsafta

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
Lymphatic filariasis
Scabies
helminthiasis ana daukarsa ƙasa
Trachoma^[6]

Cututtukan da ke haifar da vector

Arboviral encephalitis
Zazzabin Dengue
Zazzabin cizon sauro
Onchocerciasis
Rift Valley zazzabi
Zazzabin rawaya

Guba

Jagoranci

Tushen gubar gubar / gurɓatawar sun haɗa da hakar ma'adinai, narkewa, masana'anta da ayyukan sake yin amfani da su.

Cutar cututtukan zuciya
Cerebrovascular cuta
Ciwon koda
Hemorrhagic bugun jini
Cutar hawan jini
Ischemic cututtukan zuciya
Ischemic bugun jini
Rashin lafiyar jijiyoyi^[7]

Arsenic

Arsenic wani abu ne da ke faruwa a zahiri kuma ana iya samun shi a cikin abinci, ruwa, ko iska. Akwai kuma tushen masana'antu na arsenic, gami da hakar ma'adinai da narkewa. “Mutane suna fuskantar hauhawar adadin sinadarin arsenic na inorganic ta hanyar shan gurbataccen ruwa, Kuma yin amfani da gurbataccen ruwa wajen shirya abinci da ban ruwa na amfanin gona, hanyoyin masana’antu, cin gurbataccen abinci da shan taba. Tsawon dogon lokaci ga arsenic inorganic ... na iya haifar da guba na arsenic na kullum. Sanna kuma Raunin fata da ciwon daji na fata sune mafi yawan halayen halayen."

Arsenicosis
Ciwon daji (huhu, mafitsara, da fata)
Cutar cututtukan zuciya
Ciwon koda na yau da kullun
Lalacewar dabi'ar jijiya

Mercury

Acrodynia
Arthritis
Cerebellar ataxia
Dysarthria
Koda da rashin aiki na autoimmune
Minamata cuta
Lalacewar jijiyoyi
Rashin numfashi^[8]

Manazarta

↑ Leahy, Stephen (June 13, 2014). "In Developing World, Pollution Kills More Than Disease" – via IPS News.
↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/wash_diseases.html
↑ https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs379/en/
↑ "7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution". World Health Organization (WHO). March 25, 2014. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014.
↑ http://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/127
↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216578
↑ https://doi.org/10.5696%2F2156-9614-8.19.180905
↑ https://doi.org/10.5696%2F2156-9614-8.19.180905

[1] Leahy, Stephen (June 13, 2014). "In Developing World, Pollution Kills More Than Disease" – via IPS News.

[2] ttps://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/wash_diseases.html

[3] ttps://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs379/en/

[4] "7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution". World Health Organization (WHO). March 25, 2014. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014.

[5] ttps://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/127

[6] ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8216578

[7] ttps://doi.org/10.5696%2F2156-9614-8.19.180905

[8] ttps://doi.org/10.5696%2F2156-9614-8.19.180905

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]