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Bambanci tsakanin canje-canjen "Haƙƙin Da'awa da yanci"

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An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "Claim rights and liberty rights"
 
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Wasu [[Falsafa|masana falsafa]] da masana kimiyyar siyasa sun bambanta tsakanin '''haƙƙin da'awar''' da '''<nowiki/>'yanci''' . Haƙƙin ''da'awa, haƙƙi'' [[Haƙƙoƙi|ne]] wanda ya ƙunshi nauyi, ayyuka, ko wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori game da mai haƙƙin. Sabanin haka, ''haƙƙin 'yanci haƙƙi'' ne wanda baya haifar da wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori, a'a kawai 'yanci ko izini ga mai hakki. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan ma'anoni biyu na "haƙƙi" ya samo asali ne daga masanin shari'a na Amurka Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld bincike game da su a cikin aikinsa na seminal ''Conceptions Fundamental Legal Conceptions, Kamar yadda Aiwatar da Shari'a Reasoning da sauran Legal Essays a shekarata'' (1919).
[[Fayil:The right stuff (2886845559).jpg|thumb]]
Wasu [[Falsafa|masana falsafa]] da masana kimiyyar siyasa sun bambanta tsakanin '''haƙƙin da'awar''' da '''<nowiki/>'yanci'''. Haƙƙin ''da'awa, haƙƙi'' [[Haƙƙoƙi|ne]] wanda ya ƙunshi nauyi, ayyuka, ko wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori game da mai haƙƙin. Sabanin haka, ''haƙƙin 'yanci haƙƙi'' ne wanda baya haifar da wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori, a'a kawai 'yanci ko izini ga mai hakki. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan ma'anoni biyu na "haƙƙi" ya samo asali ne daga masanin shari'a na Amurka Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld bincike game da su a cikin aikinsa na seminal ''Conceptions Fundamental Legal Conceptions, Kamar yadda Aiwatar da Shari'a Reasoning da sauran Legal Essays a shekarata'' (1919).


Haƙƙoƙin ‘yanci da neman haƙƙoƙan juna saɓanin juna ne: mutum yana da haqqin da zai ba shi damar yin wani abu face babu wani wanda yake da haqqin da ya hana shi yin haka; haka kuma, idan mutum yana da hakki akan wani, wannan ’yancin na wani yana da iyaka. Wannan saboda ra'ayoyin deontic na wajibci da izini sune De Morgan dual ; An halatta mutum ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a wajabta masa ba ya bar su, kuma ya wajaba ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a ba shi izinin barin su ba.
Haƙƙoƙin ‘yanci da neman haƙƙoƙan juna saɓanin juna ne: mutum yana da haqqin da zai ba shi damar yin wani abu face babu wani wanda yake da haqqin da ya hana shi yin haka; haka kuma, idan mutum yana da hakki akan wani, wannan ’yancin na wani yana da iyaka. Wannan saboda ra'ayoyin deontic na wajibci da izini sune De Morgan dual ; An halatta mutum ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a wajabta masa ba ya bar su, kuma ya wajaba ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a ba shi izinin barin su ba.
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* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hum-rts.htm#SH3b Da'awar Haƙƙin & Haƙƙin 'Yanci, ''Haƙƙin Dan Adam'' sashe na 3b], Encyclopedia na Falsafa na Intanet
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hum-rts.htm#SH3b Da'awar Haƙƙin & Haƙƙin 'Yanci, ''Haƙƙin Dan Adam'' sashe na 3b], Encyclopedia na Falsafa na Intanet
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190128064105/http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/may/rights.html ''Bambanci Tsakanin Dama da 'Yanci''], Farfesa William E. May
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190128064105/http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/may/rights.html ''Bambanci Tsakanin Dama da 'Yanci''], Farfesa William E. May
* [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2465148%5D, ''Yadda ake yin Abubuwa Tare da Hohfeld'']{{Dead link|date=November 2016}}, 78 Matsalolin Shari'a na Zamani 185 (2015), Pierre Schlag
* [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2465148%5D, ''Yadda ake yin Abubuwa Tare da Hohfeld''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108072415/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2465148%5D, |date=2021-11-08 }}, 78 Matsalolin Shari'a na Zamani 185 (2015), Pierre Schlag
[[Category:Da'awa]]
[[Category:Da'awa]]
[[Category:Yanci]]
[[Category:Yanci]]

Zubin ƙarshe ga 16:34, 8 ga Yuli, 2024

Haƙƙin Da'awa da yanci

Wasu masana falsafa da masana kimiyyar siyasa sun bambanta tsakanin haƙƙin da'awar da 'yanci. Haƙƙin da'awa, haƙƙi ne wanda ya ƙunshi nauyi, ayyuka, ko wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori game da mai haƙƙin. Sabanin haka, haƙƙin 'yanci haƙƙi ne wanda baya haifar da wajibai a kan wasu ɓangarori, a'a kawai 'yanci ko izini ga mai hakki. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan ma'anoni biyu na "haƙƙi" ya samo asali ne daga masanin shari'a na Amurka Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld bincike game da su a cikin aikinsa na seminal Conceptions Fundamental Legal Conceptions, Kamar yadda Aiwatar da Shari'a Reasoning da sauran Legal Essays a shekarata (1919).

Haƙƙoƙin ‘yanci da neman haƙƙoƙan juna saɓanin juna ne: mutum yana da haqqin da zai ba shi damar yin wani abu face babu wani wanda yake da haqqin da ya hana shi yin haka; haka kuma, idan mutum yana da hakki akan wani, wannan ’yancin na wani yana da iyaka. Wannan saboda ra'ayoyin deontic na wajibci da izini sune De Morgan dual ; An halatta mutum ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a wajabta masa ba ya bar su, kuma ya wajaba ya yi duka kuma kawai abubuwan da ba a ba shi izinin barin su ba.

'Yancin da mutum yake da shi na x ya kunshi 'yancinsa na yin ko samun x, yayin da hakkinsa na x ya kunshi wajibci ga wasu don ba shi damar yin ko samun x . Misali, tabbatar da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki shine tabbatar da cewa kuna da izinin yin magana cikin 'yanci; wato ba wani abu da kuke aikatawa ba daidai ba ne ta hanyar yin magana cikin walwala. Amma wannan haƙƙin ƴancin ba shi da kansa ya haɗa da cewa wajibi ne wasu su taimake ka ka sadar da abubuwan da kake son faɗa, ko ma cewa ba za su yi kuskure ba wajen hana ka yin magana ba tare da ɓatanci ba. Fadin wadannan abubuwa na nufin tabbatar da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki; don tabbatar da cewa wajibi ne wasu su guji (wato an hana su) hana ku yin magana ba daidai ba (wato ba daidai ba ne su yi hakan) ko ma kila dole ne su taimaka wa ƙoƙarin ku na sadarwa (wato, zai kasance). ba daidai ba ne su ki irin wannan taimakon). Akasin haka, irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ba su haifar da haƙƙin yanci ba; Misali dokokin da suka haramta adalci na banga (kafa da'awar doka ta 'yanci) don haka ba sa yarda ko ba da izinin duk ayyukan da irin wannan ta'addancin zai iya hana.

Alal misali: Duniya mai 'yanci kawai, ba tare da wani haƙƙin da'awar ba, ta ma'anar za ta zama duniyar da aka ba da izinin komai a cikinta kuma ba a hana wani aiki ko tsallakewa ba; Duniyar da babu wanda zai iya da'awar cewa an zalunce su ko kuma an yi watsi da su. Sabanin haka, duniyar da ke da haƙƙoƙin ƴancin kai kawai kuma babu ƴancin kai za ta zama duniyar da babu wani abu a cikinta kawai aka ba da izini, amma duk ayyukan sun kasance ko dai na wajibi ne ko kuma an hana su. Maganar cewa mutane suna da da'awar 'yanci - watau cewa an wajabta wa mutane kawai su guji hana juna aikata abubuwan da suka halatta, 'yancin 'yancinsu ya iyakance ne kawai ta hanyar wajibcin mutunta 'yancin wasu - shi ne babban jigo na masu sassaucin ra'ayi . theories na adalci .

Haƙƙin oda na biyu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Binciken asali na Hohfeld ya haɗa da wasu nau'ikan haƙƙi guda biyu: ban da da'awar (ko haƙƙin da suka dace) da 'yanci (ko gata ), ya rubuta game da iko, da kariya . Sauran sharuɗɗa biyu na bincike na Hohfeld, iko da kariya, suna nufin 'yanci da iƙirari na biyu, bi da bi. Iko su ne haƙƙoƙin 'yanci game da gyare-gyaren haƙƙoƙin farko, misali Majalisar Dokokin Amurka tana da wasu iko don gyara wasu haƙƙoƙin doka na ƴan ƙasar Amurka, gwargwadon iya aiwatarwa ko cire ayyukan doka. Immunities, akasin haka, haƙƙin da'awar ne game da gyare-gyaren haƙƙoƙin oda na farko, misali Jama'ar Amurka suna da, bisa ga Tsarin Mulkinsu, wasu ƙayyadaddun kariya da ke iyakance ikon Majalisar Dokokin Amurka don gyara haƙƙoƙinsu na doka. Don haka, rigakafi da iko galibi suna ƙarƙashin da'awa da yanci daga marubutan daga baya, ko kuma a haɗa su cikin "haƙƙi masu aiki" ('yanci da iko) da "haƙƙin m" (da'awa da kariya) da Duk abubuwan da suka danganci haka.

Ana iya amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan haƙƙoƙi daban-daban azaman tubalan gini don bayyana ingantattun al'amura masu rikitarwa kamar yanki na musamman. Misali, ‘yancin yin amfani da kwamfuta za a iya la’akari da shi a matsayin ‘yancin ’yanci, amma mutum yana da ikon barin wani ya yi amfani da kwamfutar ka (ba su ’yancin walwala), da kuma da’awar da wasu ke yi na amfani da kwamfutar. ; da ƙari, kuna iya samun haƙƙoƙin kariya da ke kare da'awarku da 'yancin ku game da kwamfutar wato na'ura Mai kwakwalwa.[ana buƙatar hujja]  ]

Sauran abubuwa

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  • Tsarin tsarin mulki
  • Tattalin arzikin tsarin mulki
  • 'Yanci da lasisi
  • Hakkoki mara kyau da tabbatacce
  • Yi mulki bisa ga babbar doka
  • Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld


Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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