Sinima a Togo

Sinima a Togo
	cinema by country or region (en)
Bayanai
Facet of (en)	cinema (en)
Ƙasa	Togo
Wuri
	8°15′00″N 1°11′00″E / 8.25°N 1.18333°E

Sinima a Togo ta fara ne da masu shirya fina -finan mulkin mallaka na Jamus da suka ziyarci Togoland. Faransawa sun yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe sinima a cikin Togoland ta Faransa. Bayan da kuma Jamhuriyar Togo ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, gwamnatin ƙasar Togo ta karfafa sinima, duk da cewa tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa ga sinima ya lalace lokacin da aka janye tallafin Faransa a shekarun 1990. Kwanan baya, duk da haka, masana'antar fim ta sake samun cigaba a Togo.

Sinima a zamanin mulkin mallaka

Mai shirya fim Carl Müller ya ɗauki Lomé a cikin shekarar 1906, yawo da Jamus tare da fina -finan sa bayan dawowarsa. Mai ba da shawara Adolf Friedrich, gwamnan mulkin mallaka na Togoland daga shekarar 1912 zuwa shekarar 1914 ya ba da ƙarin ƙarfafawa na tsari don yin fim na Togoland. An yi fim ɗin Wilhelm Solf na shekara ta 1913 zuwa mulkin mallaka kuma an rarraba shi a Turai.^[1] Hans Schomburgk ya fara ziyartar Togo a 1913-14, yana aiki tare da mai ɗaukar hoto na Burtaniya James S. Hodgson da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Meg Gehrts . Kodayake barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya sa aka ƙwace yawancin kayan su aka rasa, Schomburgk yana da isasshen kayan don sakin jerin gajerun fina-finai a cikin 1916-17.^[2] Schomburgk's Im Deutschen Sudan (A cikin Jamusanci Sudan) wani fim ne mai tsawon-lokaci na 1917, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don farfagandar mulkin mallaka.

Dokar mulkin mallaka ta Faransa ba da farko ta tsara shirya fim da rarraba shi ba. A cikin shekarata 1932 mai mulkin mallaka na Faransa Robert de Guise ya koka da cewa 'yan Afirka a Togoland na Faransa, kamar Albert John Mensah a Lomé, suna mai da gidajensu da kasuwancin su zuwa gidajen sinima na haramci. Sakamakon haka, Dokar Laval ta kafa takunkumi don sarrafa marubuci, abun ciki da rarraba fina -finai.^[3]

Sinima bayan samun 'yancin kai

Shekarun 1970 sun kasance "babban lokaci ga gidan wasan kwaikwayon Togo", a cewar mai kula da al'adu Komi Ati : gwamnatin bayan samun 'yancin kai ta ƙarfafa sinima, ta kafa Service du Cinéma et des Actualités Audiovisuelles (CINEATO) a 1976 don yin labarai da shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Koyaya, gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Togo ya sami koma baya a cikin shekarar 1993, lokacin da ƙungiyar internationale de la Francophonie ta janye duk kuɗin da suke bayarwa na shekaru goma. Kamfanonin sinima da na rarrabawa sun rufe.

Ci gaban zamani

Ɓangaren fina-finan Togo yana da ƙanƙanta kuma ba a bunƙasa ba, kuma yana gwagwarmaya da matsalolin wakilci bayan mulkin mallaka. Koyaya, kwanan nan ya fara girma cikin ƙarfin gwiwa. Anne-Laure Folly, yin shirye-shiryen bidiyo tun farkon shekarun 1990, ɗan fim ɗin Togo ne wanda ya sami suna a duniya. A cikin 2009 Christelle Aquéréburu ta kafa ECRAN, ^[4] makarantar fim a Togo wacce ta koyar da ɗalibai sama da 100 kuma ta samar da fina -finai 20 da shirye -shiryen bidiyo. Aikin wani ɗalibi na ECRAN, Essi Névamé Akpandza, an gabatar da shi a rukunin Fim ɗin Makaranta a FESPACO na 2013. ^[5] An kafa sabon fim da lambar raye -raye don haɓaka masana'antar fim a Togo. A cikin 2018 Ministan Al'adu na Togo, Guy Madje Lorenzo, ya buɗe makon silima wanda gwamnati ke tallafawa, yana yin fina-finai sama da sittin kuma yana shirya zama na rubutu. Sabbin masu shirya fina-finan sun haɗa da Gilbert Bararmna da Joël Tchédré mai lambar yabo. ^[6]

Manazarta

↑ Wolfgang Fuhrmann (2015). Imperial Projections: Screening the German Colonies. Berghahn Books. pp. 45–7. ISBN 978-1-78238-698-8.
↑ Richard Abel (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.
↑ Wolfgang Fuhrmann (2015). Imperial Projections: Screening the German Colonies. Berghahn Books. pp. 188–9. ISBN 978-1-78238-698-8.
↑ Beti Ellerson, Christelle Aquéréburu, Directrice de l’ECRAN - Ecole de cinéma au Togo | Director of ECRAN film school in Togo, 15 April 2014
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FalolaJean-Jacques2015
↑ Amelia Nakitimbo, Togolese film industry back on the international scene Archived 2020-10-10 at the Wayback Machine

Sinima a Afrika

[Fuhrmann2015-45-1] Wolfgang Fuhrmann (2015). Imperial Projections: Screening the German Colonies. Berghahn Books. pp. 45–7. ISBN 978-1-78238-698-8.

[Abel2005-2] Richard Abel (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.

[Fuhrmann2015-188-3] Wolfgang Fuhrmann (2015). Imperial Projections: Screening the German Colonies. Berghahn Books. pp. 188–9. ISBN 978-1-78238-698-8.

[4] Beti Ellerson, Christelle Aquéréburu, Directrice de l’ECRAN - Ecole de cinéma au Togo | Director of ECRAN film school in Togo, 15 April 2014

[FalolaJean-Jacques2015-5] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FalolaJean-Jacques2015

[6] Amelia Nakitimbo, Togolese film industry back on the international scene Archived 2020-10-10 at the Wayback Machine

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