An Fhraing
| Pàirt de | Western Europe, Pyrenees–Mediterranean Euroregion, Aonadh Eòrpach, European Economic Area, An Roinn-Eòrpa  |
|---|---|
| Cur air cois | dhen Lùnastal 843 |
| Ainm sa chànan dùchais | République française |
| Ainm oifigeil | République française |
| Ainm dùthchasach | République française |
| Ainm goirid | France |
| Ainmichte às dèidh | Franks |
| Cànan oifigeil | Fraingis |
| Laoidh | La Marseillaise |
| Culture | culture of France |
| Motto | Liberté, égalité, fraternité |
| Motto | Liberté, égalité, fraternité |
| Mòr-roinn | An Roinn-Eòrpa |
| Dùthaich | An Fhraing |
| Prìomh-bhaile | Paris |
| Roinn-tìde | UTC+01:00 |
| Faisg air an uisge | Caolas Sasannach, Cuan Siar, An Cuan a Tuath, Am Muir Meadhan-thìreach |
| Domhan-leud is -fhad | 47°0′0″N 2°0′0″E |
| Coordinates of easternmost point | 42°16′56″N 9°33′36″E |
| Coordinates of northernmost point | 51°5′20″N 2°32′44″E |
| Coordinates of southernmost point | 41°20′1″N 9°15′32″E |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | 48°26′45″N 5°9′4″W |
| Puing as àirde | Mont Blanc |
| Lowest point | Étang de Lavalduc |
| Basic form of government | semi-presidential system |
| Oifis aig ceann-stàite | President of the French Republic |
| Ceannard na stàite | Emmanuel Macron |
| Oifis aig ceann an riaghaltais | Prìomh-mhinistear na Frainge |
| Ceannard an riaghaltais | Michel Barnier |
| Executive body | Government of France |
| Legislative body | French Parliament |
| Highest judicial authority | Court of Cassation, Conseil d'État, Court of Audit, Constitutional Council of France, Cour de Justice de la République |
| Central bank | Bank of France |
| Currency | Euro, CFP Franc |
| Coextensive with | France |
| Teacsa stéidheachaidh | Constitution of France |
| Driving side | right |
| Electrical plug type | Europlug, Type E |
| Na bh’ann roimhe | Rìoghachd na Frainge, Rauracian Republic, Republic of Bouillon, Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune, Kingdom of Bora Bora |
| Duais a fhuair e | Lagun Onari, The Economist country of the year |
| Cuspair eòlais | francology |
| Has facility | roundabout, crematorium |
| Làrach-lìn | https://www.service-public.fr/ |
| External data available at URL | https://www.data.gouv.fr/ |
| Terms of service URL | https://www.service-public.fr/P10050 |
| Hashtag | France |
| Top-level Internet domain | .fr |
| Bratach | flag of France |
| Gearradh-arm | coat of arms of France |
| Has seal, badge, or sigil | Great Seal of France |
| Geography of topic | geography of France |
| Feart | free country |
| History of topic | history of France |
| Railway traffic side | left, right |
| Has works in the collection | National Gallery of Victoria |
| Open data portal | data.gouv.fr |
| Economy of topic | economy of France |
| Demographics of topic | demographics of France |
| Gregorian calendar start date | 20 dhen Dùbhlachd 1582, 1 dhen Fhaoilleach 1806 |
| Sitemap URL | https://www.service-public.fr/P10003 |
| Contact page URL | https://www.service-public.fr/P10017 |
| Mobile country code | 208 |
| Country calling code | +33 |
| Trunk prefix | 0 |
| Emergency phone number | 112, 15, 17, 18, 114 |
| GS1 country code | 300-379 |
| Licence plate code | F |
| Maritime identification digits | 226, 227, 228 |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://travel.stackexchange.com/tags/france |
| Caractar Unicode | 🇫🇷 |
| Category for honorary citizens of entity | Q8942785 |
| Category for maps | Category:Maps of France |
'S e dùthaich anns an Roinn-Eòrpa a tha anns an Fhraing - gu h-oifigeil Poblachd na Frainge - [1][2][3][4][5][6] neo uaireannan A' Fhraing.
'S e Paris am prìomh-baile aice - aon de na bailtean as ainmeile agus as cudromaiche air an t-Saoghal agus am baile as motha anns an Roinn-Eòrpa as dèidh Lunnainn. 'S i Frangais cànan nam Frangach, ach tha cànanan eile air am bruidhinn anns an dùthaich cuideachd - mar eisimpleir teanga le càirdeas ris a' Ghàidhlig, am Breatannais (neo "Breton" ann am Frangais). A bharrachd air sin, tha na cànanan a leanas air an cleachdadh ann an sgìrean eile den Fhraing: Basgais, Catalanais, Corsicanais, Gearmailtis, Fleamais, Ocseadanais (Occitan) agus Alsaisean (Alsatian). Tha Walon na mion-chànan san àird an ear-thuath na dùthcha.
Tha crìochan aig an Fhraing leis a' Bheilg, Lucsamburg, a' Ghearmailt, an Eilbheis, an Eadailt, Monaco, Andòra agus an Spàinn. Tha an Fhraing na ball cudromach den Aonadh Eorpach agus is i tè de na dùthchannan as motha a tha ann. 'S e an creideamh Caitligeach an creideamh as motha anns an Fhraing. 'S e ball-coise an spòrs as measaile, ach tha rugbaidh glè chudromach cuideachd.
Tha "départements d'outre-mer" (An Fhraing Thar Lear) aice cuideachd:
- Guadeloupe (1946)
- Martinique (1946)
- Guiana Fhrangach (1946)
- Réunion (1946)
- Mayotte (2011)
Eachdraidh
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]Tha eachdraidh nuadh na Frainge a' tòiseachadh le Ar-a-mach na Frainge ann an 1789. An dèidh dhan a' chiad Phoblachd na Frainge stèidhich Napoléon Bonaparte a' chiad Ìmpireachd na Frainge ann an 1799. Chaill i na Cogaidhean Napoleonach is thill na Bourbons ann an 1815. Thachair Ar-a-mach an Iuchair ann an 1830 agus chaidh Louis Philippe I na rìgh. Bha ar-a-mach eile ann an 1848 a stèidhich an Dàrna Phoblachd, ach chaidh Napoleon III na ìmpire ann an 1852. Chaill an Fhraing cogadh an aghaidh na Pruise, Alsace agus Lorraine ann an 1870, is chaidh an Treas Phoblachd a stèidheachadh.[7]
Bha an dùthaich gu mòr an sàs an gnothach tràilleachd thar a' Chuain Shiar eadar an 16mh linn agus an 19mh linn, ged a chuireadh às do thràilleachd taobh a-staigh na dùthcha fhèin ann an 1315.[8]
Tharraing an Cùis Dreyfus aire gu gràin Iùdhaich anns an Fhraing ann an 1894 nuair a dhìt an t-Arm Alfred Dreyfus airson beachdaireachd ged a bha e neo-chiontach. Rinn Émile Zola am measg chàich iomairt an aghaidh an dìtidh. Chaidh Dreyfus fhìrinneachadh ann an 1906.[9]
Anns an Dàrna Cogadh chaidh an Fhraing a phàirteachadh eadar na Nàsaich ann an ceann a tuath na Frainge is an rèisim Vichy a cho-obraich leis na Nàsaich. Stiùir Marasgal Petain an riaghaltas ann an Vichy. Le taic a' Chaidreachais fhuair Charles de Gaulle is na Saor-Fhraingich an Fhraing is chaidh an Ceathramh Poblachd a stèidheachadh. An dèidh do dh'aimhreit catharra is cogadh ann an Aildiria thill de Gaulle mar cheann-suidhe ann an 1958 is stèidhich e an Còigeamh Poblachd. Fhuair Aildiria neo-eisimeileachd ann an 1962. Lean Georges Pompidou ann an 1968 mar cheann-suidhe de Gaulle.[7]
Chaidh Emmanuel Macron a thaghadh mar cheann-suidhe na Frainge ann an 2017 agus a-rithist ann an 2022.[10]
Cinn-suidhe na Frainge an dèidh do 1870
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]- Louis-Jules Trochu (1870–1871)
- Adolphe Thiers (1871–1873)
- Patrice de MacMahon (1873–1879)
- Jules Grévy (1879–1887)
- Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
- Jean Casimir-Perier (1894–1895)
- Félix Faure (1895–1899)
- Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
- Armand Fallières (1906–1913)
- Raymond Poincaré (1913–1920)
- Paul Deschanel (1920)
- Alexandre Millerand (1920–1924)
- Gaston Doumergue (1924–1931)
- Paul Doumer (1931–1932)
- Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
... Cogadh...
- Charles de Gaulle (1944–am Faoilleach 1946)
- Félix Gouin (am Faoilleach 1946–an t-Ògmhios 1946)
- Georges Bidault (an t-Ògmhios 1946–an t-Samhain 1946)
- Vincent Auriol (an t-Samhain 1946–an Dùbhlachd 1946)
- Léon Blum (an Dùbhlachd 1946–am Faoilleach 1947)
- Vincent Auriol (am Faoilleach 1947–1954)
- René Coty (1954–1959)
- Charles de Gaulle (1959–1969)
- Georges Pompidou (1969–1974)
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981)
- François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
- Jacques Chirac (1995–2007)
- Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
- François Hollande (2012–2017)
- Emmanuel Macron (2017–)
Bailtean mòra
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]Seo liosta na bailtean as motha na Frainge:[11]
Daoine ainmeil
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]Luchd-saidheans
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]- Pierre Curie
- Victor Grignard
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie
- Irène Joliot-Curie
- Jules Janssen
- Antoine Lavoisier
- Henry Louis le Chatelier
- Louis Pasteur
- Paul Sabatier
Sgrìobhadairean
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]- Honoré de Balzac
- Albert Camus
- Gustave Flaubert
- André Gide
- Victor Hugo
- J. M. G. Le Clézio
- Guy de Maupassant
- Frédéric Mistral
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Stendhal
- Voltaire
- Émile Zola
Faic cuideachd
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]Iomraidhean
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]- ↑ Atlas Sgoile Oxford le Stòrlann Nàiseanta, Oxford University Press (2010)
- ↑ Feuch Facal, Gairm (1995), ISBN 1871901391
- ↑ Map-balla an t-Saoghail, Stòrlann Nàiseanta (2003), ISBN 0007692714
- ↑ Dùthchannan aig SMO
- ↑ Am Faclair Gàidhlig-Beurla, Colin Mark, foillsichte aig Routledge, Lunnainn (2004), ISBN 0-415-29761-3
- ↑ Brigh nam Facal, Faclair Ur don Bhun-sgoil (deas. Cox, Richard A.V.) - ISBN 0903204215
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 “France profile - Timeline”, BBC News. 13mh dhen Fhaoilleach 2023. Air a thogail 18mh dhen Fhaoilleach 2023.
- ↑ Finkelman and Miller, Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery
- ↑ Henley, Jon: “Rise of far right puts Dreyfus affair into spotlight in French election race”, The Observer. 30mh dhen Dàmhair 2021. Air a thogail 18mh dhen Fhaoilleach 2023.
- ↑ “Naidheachdan 11:00m”, Naidheachdan a' BhBC. 25mh dhen Ghiblean 2022. Air a thogail 18mh dhen Fhaoilleach 2023.
- ↑ Mongabay
Ceanglaichean a-mach
[deasaich | deasaich an tùs]- Dealbhan den Fhraing
- Map den Fhraing
- Stòr-dàta Gàidhlig-Frangais
- Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Romanischer Kulturkreis - Vifarom
