Ward (Royaume-Uni)
Un ward désigne, au Royaume-Uni, un district électoral de niveau sous-national représenté par un ou plusieurs conseillers. C'est l'unité de base de la géographie électorale et administrative britannique (à l'exception des Sorlingues).
Angleterre
The London boroughs, the metropolitan boroughs and the non-metropolitan districts (including most unitary authorities) are divided into wards for local elections. However, county council elections (as well as for several unitary councils, which were formerly county councils, such as the Isle of Wight Council and Shropshire Council), instead use the term 'electoral division'. In shire county areas with both wards and electoral divisions, the two types of divisions may bear no relation to each other, but generally wards will be used as building blocks for county electoral divisions, or will be used as-is but electing fewer councillors.
In urban areas the wards within a local authority area generally contain roughly the same number of electors and elect three councillors. In local authorities with mixed urban and rural areas the number of councillors may vary from one to three depending on the size of the electorate. A ward can be coterminous with a civil parish or consist of groups of civil parishes. Larger civil parishes (such as Shrewsbury) can be divided into two or more wards.
Cité de Longres
The City of London has its own type of wards, which are ancient and permanent sub-divisions of the City, which has a sui generis form of local government.
Paroisses civiles
Civil parishes in England are sometimes divided into wards for elections to the parish council (or town/city council). They need not bear any relation to district wards or electoral divisions.
Usage historique
The four most northerly ancient counties of England — Cumberland, Westmorland, County Durham and Northumberland — were divided into administrative units called wards instead of hundreds or wapentakes, as in other counties. Wards were areas originally organised for military purposes, each centred on a castle.[1]
Écosse
L’Écosse est divisées en wards pour les élections du gouvernement local, élisant chacun de 3 à 4 conseiller par scrutin à vote unique transférable.
Irlande du Nord
Les districts d'Irlande du Nord sont subdivisés en zones électorales[2] élisant chacune entre 5 et 7 conseillers par scrutin à vote unique transférable . Ces divisions sont elles mêmes subdivisées en wards mais ceux-ci n'ont aucune fonction.
Pays de Galles
Au pays de Galles, l’expression « division électorale » est utilisée. Les communautés galloises (l'équivalent des paroisses civiles d'Angleterre) sont parfois divisés en wards pour l'élection des conseils de communauté.
Sources
- (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Wards of the United Kingdom » (voir la liste des auteurs).
Références
- W. L. Warren, The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency: The Prothero Lecture in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Ser., Vol. 34. (1984), p. 125
- « Administrative Boundary Maps », Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland (consulté le )
Bibliographie
- (en) W. L. Warren, The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency : The Prothero Lecture in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 34,
