Voir la source de Utilisateur:Sam Hocevar/test2



La '''Gay Nigger Association of America''', ou '''GNAA''', est une organisation mégalomane de [[Troll (Internet)|trolls]] prenant pour cible principale les communautés [[Internet]], dans le but de déstabiliser leur fonctionnement habituel et d’importuner leurs utilisateurs. Le nom lui-même, provenant d’un titre de film, est volontairement inconvenant. Il est communément admis qu’il a été choisi en raison des connotations que peut avoir l’[[homosexualité]], et parce que le terme ''“nigger”'' (« ''nègre'' ») est généralement considéré comme une insulte raciste envers les noirs. Malgré le terme ''“Association of America”'' (une référence possible aux noms similaires des groupes de l’industrie du disque et du cinéma), l’organisation a des membres hors des [[États-Unis d’Amérique|États-Unis]].

Les membres ont tenté de ''flooder'' des [[blog]]s, créé des [[site choquant|sites choquants]], réalisé des canulars téléphoniques aux dépens de ''hotlines'' de support technique, ''floodé'', invité en masse et ''trollé'' des canaux [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]]. En retour, les communautées qui se retrouvent attaquées traitent les membres de la GNAA comme des individus nuisibles et répondent fréquemment par des mesures anti-troll techniques et sociales (comme la modération de commentaires) pour limiter les dégâts ultérieurs causés par les trolls.

==Informations générales==

Le groupe s’est formé dans la section « commentaires » du site web [[Slashdot]]. Bien que le nombre de membres soit inconnu, la GNAA a mentionné les membres « timecop » et « JesuitX » comme respectivement fondateur et président, et co-fondateur et vice-président. La GNAA est apparue pour la première fois en [[janvier 2003]], trollant Slashdot avec des logos en art ASCII représentant l’organisation et des communiqués de presse satiriques relatifs au contenu des articles de Slashdot. Comme pour d’autres organisations de trolls, les membres de la GNAA emploient des pseudonymes pour préserver leur anonymat, et leur véritable identité est généralement inconnue.

The GNAA website, which appears to parody the slick design of many corporate websites and features pictures of African American athletes and professionals, apparently taken from stock image archives, states that the GNAA does not either support or promote [[racism]], [[homophobia]], and other kinds of hatred. However, they have poked fun at [[Latvia|Latvians]] by calling them "grotesquely obese, deformed [[goblin]]-like [[mongrel|mongrels]] very closely resembling [[pigs]], [ who ] practice [[Judaism]] and have a habit [ of ] creeping into houses and stealing the [[foreskin|foreskins]] of [[babies]]"<ref>[http://www.gnaa.us/pr.phtml?troll=gnaa-grids GNAA press release insulting Latvians]</ref>. While their main motivations are difficult to determine, they have targeted websites and blogs that promote "anti Gaynigger and pro-[[Zionist]] [[propaganda]]"<ref>[http://pepper.idge.net/gnaa/gnaa-aimgirl.txt Announcement of Aimgirl disruption]</ref>.

==Membership==

GNAA encourages people to join by suggesting that potential recruits watch the [[1992 in film|1992]] [[Denmark|Danish]] [[B-movie|low-budget movie]] ''[[Gayniggers From Outer Space]]'', from which their name derives. The GNAA's entry requirements also include successfully achieving a "[[first post]]" on Slashdot consisting of GNAA [[Internet troll|troll]] text, or registering support by upwardly [[moderation|moderating]] GNAA comments. A test on the subject matter in ''Gayniggers From Outer Space'' is then administered by an [[IRC bot]].

[[Image:GNAA ascii sig.png|thumb|250px|GNAA ASCII signature]]

The GNAA has a [[signature block|signature]] which their members use whenever they perform a [[crapflooding|crapflood]] or post a news release. The full "[[sig]]", which includes an embedded [[ASCII art]] picture of the letters "GNAA" on a wall, can be found on their website.  It begins:

:GNAA (GAY NIGGER ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA) is the first organization which gathers GAY NIGGERS from all over America and abroad for one common goal - being GAY NIGGERS.
 
:*Are you GAY?
:*Are you a NIGGER?
:*Are you a GAY NIGGER?
 
:If you answered "Yes" to all of the above questions, then GNAA (GAY NIGGER ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA) might be exactly what you've been looking for!

===Notable members===
One of the most noted members in the GNAA is "Gary Niger". Gary, a fictional character coined by GNAA vice-president jesuitx, is cited as a press contact in nearly every press release or trolling the GNAA performs. The name was likely chosen for its similarity to the phrase "Gay Nigger". [[Latvian]] member "areems" has managed to [[crapflood]] numerous Internet [[blog|blogs]] hosted on [[LiveJournal]], using a script written in [[Perl]], since he joined the GNAA in [[2005]]. Another member, "rolloffle", who has since left the GNAA, participated in many trolling incidents and created many scripts to cause problems for various software programs that are used in internet forums. "Rolloffle" was also the author of the article "Why your Movable Type blog must die", which was published on the website [[Kuro5hin]]. GNAA member "Rucas" is the lead developer of GNAA [[Last Measure]] and until recently hosted the largest [[Last Measure]] mirror at [[peoplesprimary.com]].  He has recently released ''latvianbotnet.pl'', a [[Perl]] script to [[crapflood]] [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] channels.  GNAA member "l0de" is listed as a head technician by the GNAA and is the host of his Internet radio show, the [[l0de Radio Hour]]. Other trolls that have membership in the GNAA include GNAA president "timecop", "x_over_ln_x", "popeye", "abortion", "tirel", "Grog", "Dessimat0r", "lysol", "_ns", "Zeikfried", "rhppnrth" and "incog".

Member Grog is serving a ten year prison sentence for distribution of child pornography and has been removed from GNAA.

==Activities==
=== Website disruption ===
[[Image:GNAA crapflood.jpg|thumb|Attempt to crapflood Slashdot by the GNAA: note topics modded down to -1]]
The GNAA often attempts to disrupt the operation of websites, and has been moderately successful in doing so. They first gained notoriety in the [[Slashdot]] community when they launched several [[crapflooding|flood attacks]] against the site. Slashdot subsequently implemented [[open proxy]]-banning measures in its posting system; GNAA members claim that their crapflooding campaign spurred this change. They registered thousands of usernames ''en masse'' to mark Slashdot editor "michael" as their foe<ref>Slashdot &ndash; [http://slashdot.org/~michael/freaks Editor Michael's "freaks list"] &ndash; [http://apple.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/06/12/130234&tid=179&tid=1 ''Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger for x86 Leaked?''] (June 12, 2005)</ref>. In late [[2004]], the GNAA discovered vulnerabilities in weblogging service [[Xanga]]. In a related attack, they launched a [[Denial of Service]] attack on Slashdot, taking down its [[search engine]] for a few days<ref>[http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/28/161214/43 http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/28/161214/43]</ref>. During [[May 2004]], GNAA members flooded the popular image board [[4chan]], contributing to the fourth non-permanent shutdown of the site shortly thereafter. In the list of reasons why it closed down, the administrator wrote: "Flooding. GNAA put the final [[nail]] in the [[coffin]], however I am thankful that they willingly ceased the flood after finding out it was costing me money.<ref>See [http://www.4chan.org front page] of [[4chan]]</ref>" However, a poster on the [[Something Awful Forums]] later stated that this was only one of several factors that caused them to be shut down: "It was not the GNAA who killed 4chan (I quite like them actually), or really the moronic users, it was a man named Chris, who goes by the name TheRowan and runs a business that shuts you down if you fail to play along."<ref>[http://forums.somethingawful.com/showthread.php?s=&threadid=724028 Something Awful thread] (Must be able to login to see the page)</ref>

The GNAA have been recognised as being deliberately disruptive by several organisations. For instance, on [[Freenode]]'s IRC server, the #GNAA channel redirects to #you_have_got_to_be_kidding with a warning message indicating that the network might be inappropriate. This is standard Freenode behavior for [[jupe|juped]] channels. Other IRC networks similarly jupe #GNAA. [[Jodi Dean]], Associate Professor of Political Science ([[Hobart and William Smith Colleges]]), in a presentation on blogging for a Cultural Studies Association meeting in Tuscon, noted that when she started blogging she was disturbed by [[neo-Nazi]] attacks and that:

:''"I've also been unsettled by those I can't place, those who may be satirical, performative in non-pc ways, and those whose comments are just generally disruptive and malicious. For example, one guy posted from the GNAA—which seems to be an anti-blog group with various satirical elements and strategies for irritating bloggers. GNAA stands for Gay Nigger Association of America and apparently gets its name from a short 1992 Danish movie called Gay Niggers from Outerspace, a film that appears to be an actual movie, a porn send up, but I can't be completely sure."''<ref>[http://jdeanicite.typepad.com/i_cite/2005/04/blogging_theory.html I cite : Blogging Theory], April 24, 2005. Jodi's presentation can be found [http://jdeanicite.typepad.com/i_cite/files/tuscon_talk.doc here].</ref>

The GNAA have attempted to troll [[Mac OS X]] users several times. In [[July 2004]], GNAA member JesuitX submitted leaked [[screenshot]]s of the then-forthcoming [[operating system]] [[Mac OS X v10.4]] to popular [[Apple, Inc.]] [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] news website MacRumors. A report on the site reads "With WWDC just days away, the first Tiger information and screenshots appears to have been leaked. According to sources, Apple will reportedly provide developers with a Mac OS X 10.4 Preview copy at WWDC on Monday. The screenshots provided reportedly come from this upcoming developer preview."<ref>Mac Rumours - [http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2004/06/20040626041303.shtml  Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) Screenshots?]  (June 26, 2004) 	([http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-77079 discussion]) &ndash; [http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2004/06/20040627202026.shtml WWDC, Photos and More on Tiger] (June 27, 2004)</ref> When the source was found to be from the GNAA, many declared the screenshots to be fake, based on the organization's apparent disreputability. The GNAA released a press release which claimed that the screenshots were genuine (cf. [http://www.apple.com/macosx/tiger/dashboard.html official Apple screenshots]), and that the Apple community had been trolled<ref>[http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=520 http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=520]</ref>.

On [[October 31]], [[2004]], the [[Dremel]] website featured a pumpkin carving kit for [[Halloween]] and linked to a [[Goatse.cx|Goatse]] pumpkin image as an example of what could be achieved. GNAA members had then their logo added to the [[pumpkin]] image, leading visitors to think the GNAA had [[hack]]ed the [[Dremel]] website<ref>[http://216.234.51.66/board/showthread.php?s=&threadid=79383 forum discussing the Goatse GNAA image on the Dremel website] (October 31, 2004)</ref>.

As of July 2005, The GNAA has also released an artificial, roughly 2.2 gigabyte pirated copy of Mac OS 10.4 x86 developer edition on serveral piracy-related BitTorrent sites such as mininova.org, which upon booting displays "The Last Measure": several "classic" shock site images along with a looping audio clip stating "Hey Everybody, I'm looking at gay porno!", watermarked with the GNAA logo.

=== Shock sites ===
GNAA members Rucas, Armorfist, and Sam have created the [[shock site]] [[List of shock sites#Last Measure|Last Measure]], which often factors into their crapfloods as the destination of links or redirects. The GNAA has created many scripts to carry out its activities, including specialized scripts for [[crapflooding]] sites and made its source code available under the [[BSD license|revised BSD license]].

=== Prank calls ===
GNAA also runs a [[conference call]] system, which they use to [[troll]] various companies and people, including [[America Online|AOL]]. They have produced an [[MP3]] which combines excerpts from their prank [[AOL]] calls with the "Hey, everybody! I'm looking at [[homosexuality|gay]] [[pornography|porno]]!" sample from Last Measure.

=== Hoaxes and spoilers ===
[[Image:Dattebayo.jpg|thumb|Dattebayo fansub website with GNAA notice]]
In [[June 2005]], the GNAA created a fake [[Mac OS X]] Tiger release for [[Intel x86]] processors which caught media attention from Mac Daily News on June 11<ref>[http://macdailynews.com/index.php/weblog/comments/6012/ "Report: Apple Mac OS X 10.4.1 for Intel hits piracy sites"], ''Mac Daily News'', June 11, 2005</ref>. The next day, the supposed leak made front page news on Slashdot and was mentioned on the [[G4 (television)|G4]] show ''[[Attack of the Show]]''<ref name="gnauk">GNAUK &ndash; [http://media.gnauk.co.uk/aots-gnaa.mpg G4TV Attack of the Show footage] &ndash; [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_osx2/ Fake OSX #2] &ndash; [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_hp/ Harry Potter on Bittorrent] &ndash; [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_hp2/ Harry Potter spoilers in forum]</ref>. The DVD image released onto [[BitTorrent]] merely booted an image of hello.jpg ([[goatse]]). The remaining several gigabytes of space were filled with the text "GNAAGNAA...." repeating. However, in [[August]] of 2005, this hoax was created again, with a variety of different images and a fake bootloader that gave generic error messages if the date was before August the 4th<ref name="gnauk"/>.

The GNAA created a fake [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] of the latest [[Harry Potter]] book, ''[[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince]]'', which contains nothing but various shocksite images, and released it to [[BitTorrent]]. The GNAA also posted various spoilers about the new book onto a Harry Potter fan [[forum]], causing them to temporarily shut down until 1-2 days after the book's release. A site was also created and hosted by GNAA member Zeikfried containing several major plot spoilers several days before the release date<ref name="gnauk"/>.

In August 2005, GNAA released a copy of [[Gay Niggers from Outer Space]] onto [[fansub]] website [[Dattebayo]], falsely labeled as episode 146 of the Japanese anime show [[Naruto]].  The film was preceded by the opening credits of the show.  One link between GNAA and Dattebayo that was immediately noted was is that both claim to have a member using the moniker 'timecop.'  Additionally, Dattebayo claims that their webpage was designed by GNAA.

=== Press releases ===
[[Image:GNAA press release.jpg|thumb|GNAA press release]]
The GNAA [[crapflooding|crapfloods]] forums by having its users post links to "press releases" issued by the GNAA. This technique is referred to as [[Adequacy Style Troll]]ing (an ''[[homage]]'' to the defunct troll portal [[adequacy.org]]). While some of the events the GNAA talk about are attributed to their activities online, they also create fake news releases about "[[hot button]]" subjects such as [[Terri Schiavo]], [[Condoleezza Rice]] and [[Nick Berg]]. The press releases are published under names such as the GNAP to poke fun at news organizations such as the [[Associated Press]], and are published in [[HTML]] and ASCII text to a large number of message boards, including Slashdot. Each press release also contains a small introduction to the GNAA and their [[ASCII]] art signature.

== Backlash ==
Because of the activities the GNAA perform online, various websites have instituted methods to either stop or curb the amount of [[Internet troll|trolling]] by the GNAA. Slashdot has a moderation system that is supposed to curb activities such as "First posting". Slashdot explains that first post comments are usually ''"one of those odd little [[meme]]tic hiccups that come out of nowhere and run amok."'' Their system moderates these posts and downgrades them for being off topic and makes them almost unreadable. This Slashdot tool is key, since the GNAA requires a user to perform a "first post" in order to join the GNAA. Slashdot and other websites also began to ban users for performing GNAA related acts or began to ban open-[[Serveur mandataire|proxy]] addresses to prevent [[spamming]]. Users at different forums also have made fun of the GNAA and their members and have mocked their activities. In the words of one unimpressed Brawl-Hall poster: ''"Sorry, junior, but a Spam-a-thon that lasts fifteen minutes and taking over an IRC chat ain't a 'win'. Maybe you could take over some AOL chatrooms too, then you'd be 'teh c00l', right? Hah, what a joke."'' Slashdot has also called the GNAA the "[[axis of evil|axis of abuse]]", along with Trollkore and anti-slash.org, who also try to cause problems for the Slashdot community.

==See also==
*[[Internet troll]]
*[[l0de Radio Hour]]
*[[Slashdot trolling phenomena]]
*[[Trolltalk]]

== References ==
<references />
[http://forums.anti-slash.org/viewtopic.php?t=577 http://forums.anti-slash.org/viewtopic.php?t=577]

== External links ==
*[http://www.gnaa.us GNAA Site]
*[http://www.google.com/search?q=GNAA+site%3Aslashdot.org Google: Query for name GNAA on Slashdot website]
*{{Imdb film|id=0274518|title=Gayniggers from Outer Space}}
*"James A. C. Joyce" (GNAA member rolloffle) (February 3, 2004). [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/2/171117/8823 Why your Movable Type blog must die]. ''Kuro5hin.org''.
*[http://www.gnauk.co.uk GNAUK] - this United Kingdom branch is mentioned in some GNAA press releases ('''sources''': [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-europe 1], [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-ptnntp 2], [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-3kblog 3])

*[http://lastmeasure.com Last Measure.com]

[[:Category:Slashdot]]
[[:Category:Internet trolling]]
[[en:Gay Nigger Association of America]]