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{{Ficha de entidad subnacional
{{Ficha de entidad subnacional
| nombre = Taunton
| nombre_oficial = Taunton
| escudo = no
| escudo = no
| bandera = no
| bandera = no
| unidad = [[Estatus de ciudad en el Reino Unido|Ciudad]]
| unidad = [[Estatus de ciudad en el Reino Unido|Ciudad]]
| tipo_superior_1 = [[Nación constitutiva]]
| tipo_superior_1 = [[Nación constitutiva|Nación]]
| superior_1 = [[Inglaterra]]
| superior_1 = {{Inglaterra}}
| tipo_superior_2 = [[Regiones de Inglaterra|Región]]
| tipo_superior_2 = [[Regiones de Inglaterra|Región]]
| superior_2 = [[Sureste de Inglaterra]]
| superior_2 = [[Sureste de Inglaterra]]
| tipo_superior_3 = [[Condados de Inglaterra|Condado]]
| tipo_superior_3 = [[Condados de Inglaterra|Condado]]
| superior_3 = [[Somerset]]
| superior_3 = [[Somerset]]
| nombre_oficial = Taunton
| mapa_loc1 = Somerset
| mapa_loc = Inglaterra
|mapa_loc=Inglaterra
| mapa_loc_1 = Reino Unido
| población = 64621
| población = 64621 <ref name="2011census"/>
| población_post = <ref name="2011census"/>
| imagen = [[Archivo:Tauntonchurch.jpg|alt=Campo de cricket frente a la torre de la iglesia.|240px|upright]]
|imagen=Tauntonchurch.jpg
| pie_de_imagen = La torre de la iglesia de St. James a la vera del County Ground
| pie_de_imagen = La torre de la iglesia de St. James a la vera del County Ground
| shire_district = Taunton Deane
| shire_district = Taunton Deane
|página web = www.tauntondeane.gov.uk
}}
}}
'''Taunton''' es una localidad en [[Somerset]], [[Inglaterra]]. Su población es de 64.000 habitantes (2011). <ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=2011 Census Key Statistics tables|url=http://www.ncurryactiongroup.org.uk/Supplements/core_Strategy_settlements_parishes_and_BUAs.pdf|work=ONS 2011 census data|publisher=North Curry Action Group|accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref>
'''Taunton''' es una localidad en [[Somerset]], [[Inglaterra]]. Su población es de 64.000 habitantes (2011).<ref name="2011census">{{cita web|título=2011 Census Key Statistics tables|url=http://www.ncurryactiongroup.org.uk/Supplements/core_Strategy_settlements_parishes_and_BUAs.pdf|obra=ONS 2011 census data|editorial=North Curry Action Group|fechaacceso=20 de marzo de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320190358/http://www.ncurryactiongroup.org.uk/Supplements/core_Strategy_settlements_parishes_and_BUAs.pdf|fechaarchivo=20 de marzo de 2014}}</ref>


El pueblo tiene más de 1,000 años de historia, y aloja un monasterio que se remonta al siglo X y el castillo Taunton del período anglo-sajón y que posteriormente fuera sede de un [[priorato]]. Los [[Normandos]] construyeron un castillo en roca, que perteneció al [[Arzobispo de Winchester]]. De estas estructuras se ha reconstruido la guardia interna que actualmente aloja al Museo de Somerset y el Museo Militar de Somerset. Un proyecto de regeneración del pueblo se encuentra en ejecución para desarrollar su sector central. Varias vías férreas lo vinculan con Inglaterra y brindan soporte a las actividades económicas y el comercio. Es el [[county town]] de Somerset.
El pueblo tiene más de 1,000 años de historia, y aloja un monasterio que se remonta al {{siglo|X||s}} y el castillo de Taunton del período anglo-sajón y que posteriormente fuera sede de un [[Priorato (religión)|priorato]]. Los [[Normandos]] construyeron un castillo en roca, que perteneció al [[Arzobispo de Winchester]]. De estas estructuras se ha reconstruido la guardia interna que actualmente aloja al Museo de Somerset y el Museo Militar de Somerset. Un proyecto de regeneración del pueblo se encuentra en ejecución para desarrollar su sector central. Varias vías férreas lo vinculan con Inglaterra y brindan soporte a las actividades económicas y el comercio. Es la [[county town|capital]] de Somerset.


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== Historia ==
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[[Archivo:taunton.somerset.750pix.jpg|alt=Street scene showing roads and shops around a stone cross.|thumb|The War Memorial and town centre, Taunton]]
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==Historia==
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El nombre de la localidad proviene de "Pueblo sobre el [[Río Tone]]"&nbsp;— o Pueblo Tone.<ref>{{cita libro |título=Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names |url=https://archive.org/details/localetymologya01chargoog |apellido=Charnock |nombre=Richard Stephen |enlaceautor= |autor2= |año=1859 |editorial=Houlston and Wright|ubicación= |isbn= |página=[https://archive.org/details/localetymologya01chargoog/page/n280 266] }}</ref><ref name="bush">{{cita libro|apellido=Bush|nombre=Robin|enlaceautor=Robin Bush (historian)|título=Somerset: The Complete Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/somersetcomplete0000bush|editorial=Dovecote Press|año=1994|páginas=[https://archive.org/details/somersetcomplete0000bush/page/202 202]–206|isbn=1-874336-26-1}}</ref> En [[Cambria Farm]] se encontraba un asentamiento que se remonta a las edades de bronce y hierro y una explotación agrícola de la época romana.<ref>{{cita web | url=http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=28214 | título=Excavation (2008–9), Cambria Farm, Taunton | obra=Somerset Historic Environment Record | editorial=[[Somerset County Council]] | fechaacceso=9 de febrero de 2011 | urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324210235/http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=28214 | fechaarchivo=24 de marzo de 2012 }}</ref> Una villa romano-británica estaba ubicada en cercanías del actual suburbio de ''Holway'',<ref>{{cita libro |título=The History of Taunton, in the County of Somerset |url=https://archive.org/details/historytauntoni01toulgoog |last1=Toulmin |first1=Joshua |enlaceautor= Joshua Toulmin |enlaceautor2= James Savage (antiquary)|last2=Savage|first2=James |año=1822 |editorial=J. Poole |ubicación= |isbn= |página=[https://archive.org/details/historytauntoni01toulgoog/page/n592 558] }}</ref> y Taunton fue un sitio relativamente importante durante la época sajona.<ref name="briefhist">{{cita web |url=http://www.localhistories.org/taunton.html |título=A brief history of Taunton |fechaacceso=19 de enero de 2008 |obra=World History Encyclopedia }}</ref> El poblado sajón era un [[burh]] con su moneda propia.<ref name="bush"/> El rey [[Ine de Wessex]] mando construir un castillo de tierra hacia el 700, pero el mismo fue destruido por la reina [[Æthelburg de Wessex]] en el 722, para evitar que el mismo fuera capturado por rebeldes.<ref name="bush"/>
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[[File:taunton.somerset.750pix.jpg|alt=Street scene showing roads and shops around a stone cross.|thumb|The War Memorial and town centre, Taunton]]
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[[Archivo:Taunton Cross.jpg|thumb|right|Cruz de Taunton c. 1770.]]
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El nombre de la localidad proviene de "Pueblo sobre el [[Río Tone]]"&nbsp;— o Pueblo Tone.<ref>{{cite book |title=Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names |last=Charnock |first=Richard Stephen |authorlink= |author2= |year=1859 |publisher=Houlston and Wright|location= |isbn= |page=266 }}</ref><ref name="bush">{{cite book|last=Bush|first=Robin|authorlink=Robin Bush (historian)|title=Somerset: The Complete Guide|publisher=Dovecote Press|year=1994|pages=202–206|isbn=1-874336-26-1}}</ref> En [[Cambria Farm]] se encontraba un asentamiento que se remonta a las edades de bronce y hierro y una explotación agrícola de la época romana.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=28214 | title=Excavation (2008–9), Cambria Farm, Taunton | work=Somerset Historic Environment Record | publisher=[[Somerset County Council]] | accessdate=9 February 2011}}</ref> Una villa romano-británica estaba ubicada en cercanías del actual suburbio de ''Holway'',<ref>{{cite book |title=The History of Taunton, in the County of Somerset |last1=Toulmin |first1=Joshua |authorlink= Joshua Toulmin |authorlink2= James Savage (antiquary)|last2=Savage|first2=James |year=1822 |publisher=J. Poole |location= |isbn= |page=558 }}</ref> y Taunton fue un sitio relativamente importante durante la época sajona.<ref name="briefhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.localhistories.org/taunton.html |title=A brief history of Taunton |accessdate=19 January 2008 |work=World History Encyclopedia }}</ref> El poblado sajón era un [[burh]] con su moneda propia.<ref name="bush"/> El rey [[Ine de Wessex]] mando construir un castillo de tierra hacia el 700, pero el mismo fue destruido por la reina [[Æthelburg de Wessex]] en el 722, para evitar que el mismo fuera capturado por rebeldes.<ref name="bush"/>
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En el 904 se fundó un monasterio.<ref name="britannia">{{cita web |url=http://www.britannia.com/history/somerset/castles/tauntoncast.html |título=History of Taunton Castle in Somerset By Charles Oman |fechaacceso=21 de noviembre de 2007 |obra=Britannia castles |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531115627/http://www.britannia.com/history/somerset/castles/tauntoncast.html |fechaarchivo=31 de mayo de 2008 }}</ref> Los obispos de Winchester eran los propietarios de las tierras, y en el 904 obtuvieron la primera carta para sus "hombres de Taunton" de manos del [[Eduardo el Viejo|Rey Eduardo]], liberándolos de todo tipo de tributo real o del condado. Algún tiempo antes del [[Domesday|Domesday Survey]] Taunton se había convertido en un borough con varios privilegios, contando con una población de unas 1,500 personas<ref name="briefhist"/> y 64 burgueses,<ref name="bush"/> gobernado por un [[portreeve]] designado por los obispos. A fines del {{siglo|XIII||s}} [[Somerton]] reemplazó a [[Ilchester]] como [[county town]],<ref>{{cita web |url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |título=Somerton by Miranda Richardson |fechaacceso=7 de enero de 2008 |obra=Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717063434/http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |fechaarchivo=17 de julio de 2011 }}</ref> pero su importancia declino y el estatus de sede del condado le fue transferido a Taunton hacia el 1366.<ref>{{cita web |url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |título=A town plan for Somerton |fechaacceso=7 de enero de 2008 |formato=PDF |obra=South Somerset Council |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717063434/http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |fechaarchivo=17 de julio de 2011 }}</ref> Entre 1209 y 1311 la extensión del señorío de Taunton, que era propiedad del Obispo de Winchester, había aumentado su extensión dos veces y media.<ref name="havinden">{{cita libro|apellido=Havinden|nombre=Michael|título=The Somerset Landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/somersetlandscap0000havi|editorial=Hodder and Stoughton|ubicación=London|series=The making of the English landscape|página=[https://archive.org/details/somersetlandscap0000havi/page/97 97]|isbn=0-340-20116-9|año=1981}}</ref> Las parroquias de Staplegrove, Wilton y Taunton formaban parte del [[Hundred (división)|Hundred]] de Taunton Deane.<ref>{{cita web|título=Somerset Hundreds|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/|editorial=GENUKI|fechaacceso=21 de octubre de 2011}}</ref>
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[[File:Taunton Cross.jpg|thumb|left|Cruz de Taunton c. 1770.]]
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En el 904 se fundó un monasterio.<ref name="britannia">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannia.com/history/somerset/castles/tauntoncast.html |title= History of Taunton Castle in Somerset By Charles Oman|accessdate=21 November 2007 |work=Britannia castles }}</ref> Los obispos de Winchester eran los propietarios de las tierras, y en el 904 obtuvieron la primer carta para sus "hombres de Taunton" de manos del [[Edward the Elder|Rey Eduardo]], liberándolos de todo tipo de tributo real o del condado. Algun tiempo antes del [[Domesday|Domesday Survey]] Taunton se habia convertido en un borough con varios privilegios, contando con una población de unas 1,500 personas<ref name="briefhist"/> y 64 burgueses,<ref name="bush"/> gobernado por un [[portreeve]] designado por los obispos. A fines del siglo XIII [[Somerton]] took over from [[Ilchester]] as the [[county town]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |title=Somerton by Miranda Richardson |accessdate=7 January 2008 |work=Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey }}</ref> pero su importancia declino y el estatus de sede del condado le fue transferido a Taunton hacia el 1366.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/EUS_SomertonText.pdf |title=A town plan for Somerton |accessdate=7 January 2008 |format=PDF |work=South Somerset Council }}</ref> Entre 1209 y 1311 la extensión del señorío de Taunton, which was owned by the Obispo de Winchester, increased two and a half times.<ref name="havinden">{{cite book|last=Havinden|first=Michael|title=The Somerset Landscape|publisher=Hodder and Stoughton|location=London|series=The making of the English landscape|page=97|isbn=0-340-20116-9|year=1981}}</ref> Las parroquias de Staplegrove, Wilton y Taunton formaban parte del [[Hundred (county subdivision)|Hundred]] de Taunton Deane.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset Hundreds|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/|publisher=GENUKI|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>


En 1451 during the [[Wars of the Roses]] Taunton was the scene of a skirmish between [[Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon]], and [[Baron Bonville]].<ref name="bush"/> [[Margaret of Anjou|Queen Margaret]] and her troops passed through in 1471 to defeat at the [[Battle of Tewkesbury]].<ref name="bush"/> In the [[Second Cornish Uprising of 1497]] most of the Cornish gentry supported [[Perkin Warbeck]]'s cause and on 17 September a Cornish army some 6,000 strong entered [[Exeter]] before advancing on Taunton.<ref name="bush"/><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=UfCvxdhNLHIC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=pretender+warbeck+cornish#PPA110,M1 |title=Philip Payton (1996) '&#39;Cornwall'&#39;, Fowey: Alexander Associates |publisher=Books.google.com |accessdate=25 April 2012|isbn=9781904880059 |year=2004 }}</ref> [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] sent his chief general, Giles, Lord Daubeney, to attack the Cornish and when Warbeck heard that the King's scouts were at [[Glastonbury]] he panicked and deserted his army. Henry VII reached Taunton on 4 October 1497 where he received the surrender of the remaining Cornish army. The ringleaders were executed and others fined a total of £13,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/n-s/perkin.html|title= Channel 4&nbsp;– Perkin Warbeck}}</ref>
En 1451 durante la [[Guerra de las Rosas]] Taunton fue escenario de un enfrentamiento entre [[Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon]], y el [[Baron Bonville]].<ref name="bush"/> La [[Margarita de Anjou (1430-1482)|reina Margarita]] y sus tropas pasaron por aquí en 1471 camino a ser derrotadas en la [[Batalla de Tewkesbury]].<ref name="bush"/> En el Segundo Alzamiento Cornualles de 1497 la mayoría de los señores de Cornualles estaban a favor de la causa de [[Perkin Warbeck]] y el 17 de septiembre un ejército de Cornualles formado por unos 6000 hombres ingresó en [[Exeter]] antes de avanzar sobre Taunton.<ref name="bush"/><ref>{{cita libro|url=http://books.google.com/?id=UfCvxdhNLHIC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=pretender+warbeck+cornish#PPA110,M1 |título=Philip Payton (1996) '&#39;Cornwall'&#39;, Fowey: Alexander Associates |editorial=Books.google.com |fechaacceso=25 de abril de 2012|isbn=9781904880059 |año=2004 }}</ref> [[Enrique VII de Inglaterra|Enrique VII]] envió a su principal general Giles, Lord Daubeney, a atacar a las fuerzas de Cornualles y cuando Warbeck se enteró de que los scouts reales estaban en [[Glastonbury]] le entró el pánico y desertó junto con su ejército. Enrique VII llegó a Taunton el 4 de octubre de 1497 donde se rindió a sus pies los restos del ejército de Cornualles. Los líderes del alzamiento fueron ejecutados y a otros se le impusieron multas que ascendieron a un total de £13,000.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/n-s/perkin.html|título= Channel 4&nbsp;– Perkin Warbeck}}</ref>


[[Taunton Castle]] changed hands several times during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] of 1642–45 but only along with the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm |title=Taunton's History |accessdate=21 November 2007 |work=Taunton Town Centre! |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070603195008/http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm |archivedate = 3 June 2007}}</ref> During the [[Siege of Taunton]] it was defended by [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Robert Blake]], from July 1644 to July 1645, with the town suffering destruction of many of the medieval and Tudor buildings.<ref name="bush"/> After the war, in 1662, the keep was demolished and only the base remains.<ref name="ecastles">{{cite web |url=http://www.ecastles.co.uk/taunton.html |title=Taunton Castle |accessdate=21 November 2007 |work=Castles and fortifications of England and Wales }}</ref> On 20 June 1685 the [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth|Duke of Monmouth]] crowned himself king of England at Taunton during the [[Monmouth Rebellion]] and in the autumn of that year [[Judge Jeffreys]] lived in the town during the [[Bloody Assizes]] that followed the [[Battle of Sedgemoor]].<ref name="britex">{{cite web |url=http://www.britainexpress.com/History/battles/sedgemoor.htm |title=The battle of Sedgemoor |accessdate=21 November 2007 |work=Britain Express }}</ref>
El Castillo de Taunton cambió de mano varias veces durante la [[Guerra Civil Inglesa]] de 1642-1645 juntamente con la ciudad.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm|título="Taunton's History". Taunton Town Centre!.|fechaacceso=22 de octubre de 2017|autor=|enlaceautor=|fecha=|sitioweb=|editorial=|idioma=|fechaarchivo=3 de junio de 2007|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603195008/http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Durante los [[sitios de Taunton]] la ciudad fue defendida por [[Robert Blake (almirante)|Robert Blake]], desde julio de 1644 hasta julio de 1645, sufriendo la destrucción de muchos edificios medievales y de los Tudor.<ref name="bush" /> Después de la guerra, en 1662, la torre del homenaje fue demolida y solo permanece la base.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.ecastles.co.uk/taunton.html|título="Taunton Castle". Castles and fortifications of England and Wales. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011.|fechaacceso=22 de octubre de 2017|autor=|enlaceautor=|fecha=|sitioweb=|editorial=|idioma=}}</ref><!--
Varias veces el castillo de Taunton cambió de manos durante la [[English Civil War|Civil War]] de 1642–45 but only along with the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm |title=Taunton's History |accessdate=21 de noviembre de 2007 |work=Taunton Town Centre! |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070603195008/http://www.tauntontowncentre.co.uk/about_taunton_history.htm |archivedate = 3 de junio de 2007}}</ref> Durante el Asedio de Taunton fue defendido por Robert Blake, entre julio de 1644 a julio de 1645, tiempo durante el cual fueron destruidos la mayoria e los edificios medievales y Tudor.<ref name="bush"/> Luego de la guerra en 1662, the keep was demolished and only the base remains.<ref name="ecastles">{{cite web |url=http://www.ecastles.co.uk/taunton.html |title=Taunton Castle |accessdate=21 de noviembre de 2007 |work=Castles and fortifications of England and Wales }}</ref> El 20 de junio de 1685 el [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth|Duque de Monmouth]] se auto corono rey de Inglaterra en Taunton durante la [[rebelión Monmouth]] y en el otoño de ese año [[Judge Jeffreys]] lived in the town during the [[Bloody Assizes]] que siguieron a la [[Batalla de Sedgemoor]].<ref name="britex">{{cite web |url=http://www.britainexpress.com/History/battles/sedgemoor.htm |title=La batalla de Sedgemoor |accessdate=21 de noviembre de 2007 |work=Britain Express }}</ref>
[[File:Taunton road map1948.jpg|alt=An old map showing the main roads and the river in the town.|thumb|left|A road map of Taunton from 1948]]
[[Archivo:Taunton road map1948.jpg|alt=An old map showing the main roads and the river in the town.|thumb|left|Mapa de caminos en Taunton de 1948.]]
The town did not obtain a charter of incorporation until 1627,<ref name="briefhist"/> which was renewed in 1677. The charter lapsed in 1792 owing to vacancies for the members of the corporate body, and Taunton was not reincorporated until 1877. The medieval fairs and markets of Taunton (it still holds a weekly market today), were celebrated for the sale of woollen cloth called "Tauntons" made in the town. On the decline of the woollen industry in the west of England, silk-weaving was introduced at the end of the 18th century.<ref>''From the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref>
The town did not obtain a charter of incorporation until 1627,<ref name="briefhist"/> which was renewed in 1677. The charter lapsed in 1792 owing to vacancies for the members of the corporate body, and Taunton was not reincorporated until 1877. The medieval fairs and markets of Taunton (it still holds a weekly market today), were celebrated for the sale of woollen cloth called "Tauntons" made in the town. On the decline of the woollen industry in the west of England, silk-weaving was introduced at the end of the 18th century.<ref>''From the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref>


In 1839 the [[Grand Western Canal]] reached Taunton aiding trade to the south,<ref name=harris>Helen Harris (1996) ''The Grand Western Canal'', Devon Books, ISBN 0-86114-901-7</ref> which was further enhanced by the arrival of the railway in 1842.<ref name="bush"/>
En 1839 el [[Grand Western Canal]] reached Taunton aiding trade to the south,<ref name=harris>Helen Harris (1996) ''The Grand Western Canal'', Devon Books, ISBN 0-86114-901-7</ref> which was further enhanced by the arrival of the railway in 1842.<ref name="bush"/>


A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of [[Jellalabad Barracks, Taunton|Jellalabad Barracks]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=46243|title=The Keep, Jellalabad Barracks, Mount Street, Taunton|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 December 2014}}</ref>
A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of [[Jellalabad Barracks, Taunton|Jellalabad Barracks]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=46243|title=The Keep, Jellalabad Barracks, Mount Street, Taunton|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 de diciembre de 2014}}</ref>


In World War II the [[Bridgwater and Taunton Canal]] formed part of the [[Taunton Stop Line]], designed to prevent the advance of a German invasion. [[British anti-invasion preparations of World War II|Pillboxes]] can still be seen along its length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pillboxes-somerset.com/other_defences.htm|title=Other Defences|work=Somerset Pillboxes|accessdate=11 October 2008}}</ref>
In World War II the [[Bridgwater and Taunton Canal]] formed part of the [[Taunton Stop Line]], designed to prevent the advance of a German invasion. [[British anti-invasion preparations of World War II|Pillboxes]] can still be seen along its length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pillboxes-somerset.com/other_defences.htm|title=Other Defences|work=Somerset Pillboxes|accessdate=11 de octubre de 2008}}</ref>


===Regeneration===
=== Regeneration ===
Taunton was named as a 'Strategically Important Town or City' in the government's Regional Spatial Strategy, allowing [[Somerset County Council]] to receive funding for large-scale regeneration projects.<ref name=MSBC>{{cite web|title=Major Scheme Business Case|url=http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/go/km/docs/CouncilDocuments/SCC/Documents/Environment/Transport%20Development/Taunton%20Third%20Way/MSBC/MSBC_Main_Document.pdf|publisher=Atkins|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> In 2006, the council revealed plans which it called "Project Taunton". This would see the regeneration of the areas of Firepool, Tangier, the Retail town centre, the cultural quarter, and the River Tone,<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> aiming to sustain Taunton as a central hub for business in the South West.
Taunton was named as a 'Strategically Important Town or City' in the government's Regional Spatial Strategy, allowing [[Somerset County Council]] to receive funding for large-scale regeneration projects.<ref name=MSBC>{{cite web|title=Major Scheme Business Case|url=http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/go/km/docs/CouncilDocuments/SCC/Documents/Environment/Transport%20Development/Taunton%20Third%20Way/MSBC/MSBC_Main_Document.pdf|publisher=Atkins|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> In 2006, the council revealed plans which it called "Project Taunton". This would see the regeneration of the areas of Firepool, Tangier, the Retail town centre, the cultural quarter, and the River Tone,<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> aiming to sustain Taunton as a central hub for business in the South West.
[[File:New bridge Tangier Taunton.JPG|thumb|The new bridge under construction in the Tangier district. Taken in February 2011]]
[[Archivo:New bridge Tangier Taunton.JPG|thumb|The new bridge under construction in the Tangier district. Taken in February 2011]]
The Firepool area on the northern edge of Taunton town centre, adjacent to the main line railway station, currently includes a high proportion of vacant or undeveloped land. The Council is promoting a sustainable, high quality, employment-led mixed use development. The Firepool project is set to attract 3,000 new jobs and 500 new homes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Firepool|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/firepool.html}}</ref>
The Firepool area on the northern edge of Taunton town centre, adjacent to the main line railway station, currently includes a high proportion of vacant or undeveloped land. The Council is promoting a sustainable, high quality, employment-led mixed use development. The Firepool project is set to attract 3,000 new jobs and 500 new homes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Firepool|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/firepool.html}}</ref>


In Tangier, a brownfield area between [[Somerset College of Arts and Technology]] and the bus station, the project proposes to build small offices and more riverside housing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Tangier|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/tangier.html|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref>
In Tangier, a brownfield area between [[Somerset College of Arts and Technology]] and the bus station, the project proposes to build small offices and more riverside housing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Tangier|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/tangier.html|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref>


The "Cultural Quarter" is the area along the river between Firepool and Tangier.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/|publisher=Project Taunton|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> The proposals have plans to extend riverside retail, an aim to attract more smaller, boutique businesses, such as those already found in the Riverside shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Cultural Quarter|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/cultural-quarter.html|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref>
The "Cultural Quarter" is the area along the river between Firepool and Tangier.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/|publisher=Project Taunton|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> The proposals have plans to extend riverside retail, an aim to attract more smaller, boutique businesses, such as those already found in the Riverside shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Cultural Quarter|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/cultural-quarter.html|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref>


Plans for the town centre include greater pedestrianisation and an increase in size and number of retail units.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Town Centre|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/town-centre-retail.html|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref>
Plans for the town centre include greater pedestrianisation and an increase in size and number of retail units.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— Town Centre|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/town-centre-retail.html|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref>


Several sites along the River Tone are set to undergo renovation. Firepool Weir lock&nbsp;— long silted up&nbsp;— will be dredged during 2011<ref name=tone>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— River Tone|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/river-tone.html|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> to allow boats to pass from the navigable section of the Tone through Taunton to the [[Bridgwater and Taunton Canal]]. Goodland Gardens has received a makeover and a new cafe, The Shed, has opened. Projects to develop Somerset Square (the paved area next to the [[Brewhouse Theatre]]) and Longrun Meadow (country park near to [[Somerset College of Arts and Technology|SCAT]]) have already been delivered.<ref name="tone"/>
Several sites along the River Tone are set to undergo renovation. Firepool Weir lock&nbsp;— long silted up&nbsp;— will be dredged during 2011<ref name=tone>{{cite web|title=Project Taunton&nbsp;— River Tone|url=http://www.projecttaunton.co.uk/regeneration-areas/river-tone.html|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> to allow boats to pass from the navigable section of the Tone through Taunton to the [[Bridgwater and Taunton Canal]]. Goodland Gardens has received a makeover and a new cafe, The Shed, has opened. Projects to develop Somerset Square (the paved area next to the [[Brewhouse Theatre]]) and Longrun Meadow (country park near to [[Somerset College of Arts and Technology|SCAT]]) have already been delivered.<ref name="tone"/>


The government sees Taunton's traffic congestion problems as a serious obstacle to its continuing economic growth.<ref name="MSBC"/> An important part of the government's growth strategy for the town is new road infrastructure consisting of a new link road (Taunton's Third Way) which was completed 27 September 2011 at a cost of £7.5 million,<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset County Council: Taunton's Third Way|url=http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/public/council/initiatives/initiative?rid=/guid/50983ec3-417f-2c10-fbb9-a0c88230365e|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> and a second link road (the Northern Inner Distributor Road) planned for completion by the end of 2014 at a cost of £21 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taunton Deane Borough Council: Northern inner Distributor Road|url=http://www.tauntondeane.gov.uk/irj/public/council/initiatives/initiative?rid=/guid/407d5c76-467f-2c10-6185-d7658a32e3e2|accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> The road would link Staplegrove Road with Priory Avenue, running across Station Road.
The government sees Taunton's traffic congestion problems as a serious obstacle to its continuing economic growth.<ref name="MSBC"/> An important part of the government's growth strategy for the town is new road infrastructure consisting of a new link road (Taunton's Third Way) which was completed 27 September 2011 at a cost of £7.5 million,<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset County Council: Taunton's Third Way|url=http://www.somerset.gov.uk/irj/public/council/initiatives/initiative?rid=/guid/50983ec3-417f-2c10-fbb9-a0c88230365e|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> and a second link road (the Northern Inner Distributor Road) planned for completion by the end of 2014 at a cost of £21 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taunton Deane Borough Council: Northern inner Distributor Road|url=http://www.tauntondeane.gov.uk/irj/public/council/initiatives/initiative?rid=/guid/407d5c76-467f-2c10-6185-d7658a32e3e2|accessdate=26 de marzo de 2011}}</ref> The road would link Staplegrove Road with Priory Avenue, running across Station Road.


⚫
== Geography ==


⚫
==Geography==
Taunton lies on the [[River Tone]] between the [[Quantock Hills|Quantock]], [[Blackdown Hills|Blackdown]] and [[Brendon Hills|Brendon]] hills in an area known as the Vale of Taunton.
Taunton lies on the [[River Tone]] between the [[Quantock Hills|Quantock]], [[Blackdown Hills|Blackdown]] and [[Brendon Hills|Brendon]] hills in an area known as the Vale of Taunton.


It is surrounded by many other large towns and cities which can be seen on this directional compass:
It is surrounded by many other large towns and cities which can be seen on this directional compass:


===Geology===
=== Geología ===
In the Taunton area [[Permian]] (295–250 million years ago) red sandstones and [[breccia]] outcrop, while rocks of [[Triassic]] age (248–204 million years ago) underlie much of Somerset and form the solid geology to the [[Somerset Levels|Somerset Moors and Levels]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Somerset | work=English Nature, Special Sites, Somerset Geology | url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/geological/sites/area_ID30.asp | accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref>
En el área de Taunton [[Permian]] (295–250 million years ago) red sandstones and [[breccia]] outcrop, while rocks of [[Triassic]] age (248–204 million years ago) underlie much of Somerset and form the solid geology to the [[Somerset Levels|Somerset Moors and Levels]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Somerset | work=English Nature, Special Sites, Somerset Geology | url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/geological/sites/area_ID30.asp | accessdate=30 de octubre de 2006}}</ref>

===Nature reserves===

⚫
There are several [[local nature reserve]]s in and around Taunton, which are protected under a [[statutory]] designation in Section 21 of the [[National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949]]. South Taunton Streams is an urban wetland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?themeid=1082977|title=South Taunton Streams|work=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=English Nature|accessdate=25 February 2010}}</ref> and in the northern suburbs is the Children's Wood riverside reserve which provides a movement corridor for animals including [[otters]] along the banks of the River Tone. Birds occurring at the site include: [[kingfisher]], [[dipper]], [[grey wagtail]], [[mute swan]], [[grey heron]] and [[reed warbler]]. It is also home to butterflies such as the [[small skipper|small]] and [[large skipper]], [[Melanargia galathea|marbled white]], [[small heath (butterfly)|small heath]] and [[small copper]], and to [[dragonflies]] and [[damselflies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?themeid=1082967|title=Children's Wood/Riverside|work=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=English Nature|accessdate=25 February 2010}}</ref>


=== Reservas naturales ===
⚫
Weirfield Riverside is a linear nature reserve along the bank of the [[River Tone]] providing [[alder]] and [[willow]] woodland, bramble, scrub and rough grassland. The wetter areas which are sometimes flooded include [[Water dropwort|hemlock water dropwort]], and [[Iris pseudacorus|yellow flag]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Weirfield Riverside|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=906|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=26 August 2015}}</ref> Silk Mills Park and Ride includes landscaping and ponds in three areas next to the [[River Tone]] created when the [[park and ride]] was created. The woodland and grassland supports aquatic and marginal vegetation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Mills Park and Ride|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=1676|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> There are a variety of birds, [[bat]]s, [[reptile]]s and [[invertebrate]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Mills Park and Ride Local Nature Reserve|url=http://www.tauntondeane.gov.uk/irj/go/km/docs/CouncilDocuments/TDBC/Documents/Heritage%20and%20Landscape/11127%20Silk%20Mills%20Local%20nature%20reserve%20Nov%202010.pdf|publisher=Taunton Deane Bourough Council|accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Frieze Hill Community Orchard has been converted from [[Allotment (gardening)|allotments]] to rough grassland and an [[orchard]]. The [[Kingston Black Apple|kingston black]] and [[yarlington mill]] varieties of [[apple]]s are among those grown.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frieze Hill Community Orchard|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=1129|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>


⚫
There are several [[local nature reserve]]s in and around Taunton, which are protected under a [[statutory]] designation in Section 21 of the [[National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949]]. South Taunton Streams is an urban wetland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?themeid=1082977|title=South Taunton Streams|work=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=English Nature|accessdate=25 de febrero de 2010}}</ref> and in the northern suburbs is the Children's Wood riverside reserve which provides a movement corridor for animals including [[otters]] along the banks of the River Tone. Birds occurring at the site include: [[kingfisher]], [[dipper]], [[grey wagtail]], [[mute swan]], [[grey heron]] and [[reed warbler]]. It is also home to butterflies such as the [[small skipper|small]] and [[large skipper]], [[Melanargia galathea|marbled white]], [[small heath (butterfly)|small heath]] and [[small copper]], and to [[dragonflies]] and [[damselflies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?themeid=1082967|title=Children's Wood/Riverside|work=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=English Nature|accessdate=25 de febrero de 2010}}</ref>


⚫
Weirfield Riverside is a linear nature reserve along the bank of the [[River Tone]] providing [[alder]] and [[willow]] woodland, bramble, scrub and rough grassland. The wetter areas which are sometimes flooded include [[Water dropwort|hemlock water dropwort]], and [[Iris pseudacorus|yellow flag]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Weirfield Riverside|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=906|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=26 de agosto de 2015}}</ref> Silk Mills Park and Ride includes landscaping and ponds in three areas next to the [[River Tone]] created when the [[park and ride]] was created. The woodland and grassland supports aquatic and marginal vegetation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Mills Park and Ride|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=1676|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=25 de agosto de 2015}}</ref> There are a variety of birds, [[bat]]s, [[reptile]]s and [[invertebrate]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Mills Park and Ride Local Nature Reserve|url=http://www.tauntondeane.gov.uk/irj/go/km/docs/CouncilDocuments/TDBC/Documents/Heritage%20and%20Landscape/11127%20Silk%20Mills%20Local%20nature%20reserve%20Nov%202010.pdf|publisher=Taunton Deane Bourough Council|accessdate=25 de agosto de 2015}}</ref> Frieze Hill Community Orchard has been converted from [[Allotment (gardening)|allotments]] to rough grassland and an [[orchard]]. The [[Kingston Black Apple|kingston black]] and [[yarlington mill]] varieties of [[apple]]s are among those grown.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frieze Hill Community Orchard|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=35&N=&ID=1129|publisher=Natural England|accessdate=23 de agosto de 2015}}</ref>


==Economy==
== Economy ==
[[File:Taunton carnival 2009 Gemini CC To the Trees cart.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A large vehicle lit by many lights and carrying people dressed in costume in a darkened street. People stand on the balconies of the shops behind.|The annual Taunton Carnival takes a route through the shopping district in the centre of the town.]]
[[Archivo:Taunton carnival 2009 Gemini CC To the Trees cart.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A large vehicle lit by many lights and carrying people dressed in costume in a darkened street. People stand on the balconies of the shops behind.|The annual Taunton Carnival takes a route through the shopping district in the centre of the town.]]
Taunton Deane had a low unemployment rate of 4.1% compared with the national average of 5.0% in 2005.<ref name="tdbc">{{cite web|url=http://consultldf.tauntondeane.gov.uk/portal/spatialplanning/ttcaap/ttcaapsa?pointId=section_1102011612114|title=Economic Characteristics|work=Submission Sustainability Appraisal for Taunton Town Centre Area Action Plan|publisher=Taunton Deane Borough Council|accessdate=16 March 2009}}</ref>
Taunton Deane had a low unemployment rate of 4.1% compared with the national average of 5.0% in 2005.<ref name="tdbc">{{cite web|url=http://consultldf.tauntondeane.gov.uk/portal/spatialplanning/ttcaap/ttcaapsa?pointId=section_1102011612114|title=Economic Characteristics|work=Submission Sustainability Appraisal for Taunton Town Centre Area Action Plan|publisher=Taunton Deane Borough Council|accessdate=16 de marzo de 2009}}</ref>


Taunton is home to the [[United Kingdom Hydrographic Office]] (UKHO) which is an organisation within the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] responsible for providing [[navigation]]al and other [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] information for national, civil and defence requirements. The UKHO is located on Admiralty Way and has a workforce of approximately 1100 staff.<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Hydrographic Office|url=http://www.coreindex.co.uk/company-profile.php?shortlist=8896&companyid=8896|publisher=Core index|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> At the start of the Second World War chart printing moved to Taunton but the main office did not move until 1968.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukho.gov.uk/AboutUs/PublishingImages/timeline.pdf | format= PDF | title=Timeline of the UKHO | publisher=UKHO | work=www.ukho.gov.uk | accessdate=25 November 2009}}</ref>
Taunton is home to the [[United Kingdom Hydrographic Office]] (UKHO) which is an organisation within the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] responsible for providing [[navigation]]al and other [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] information for national, civil and defence requirements. The UKHO is located on Admiralty Way and has a workforce of approximately 1100 staff.<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Hydrographic Office|url=http://www.coreindex.co.uk/company-profile.php?shortlist=8896&companyid=8896|publisher=Core index|accessdate=15 de enero de 2013}}</ref> At the start of the Second World War chart printing moved to Taunton but the main office did not move until 1968.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukho.gov.uk/AboutUs/PublishingImages/timeline.pdf | format= PDF | title=Timeline of the UKHO | publisher=UKHO | work=www.ukho.gov.uk | accessdate=25 de noviembre de 2009}}</ref>


Taunton is also home to one of the head offices of Debenhams, [[Western Provident Association]], [[Viridor]] and CANDAC.
Taunton is also home to one of the head offices of Debenhams, [[Western Provident Association]], [[Viridor]] and CANDAC.


Moreover, the town is home to local offices for [[Defra]], the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/about_us/about_the_commission/ccmap.aspx |publisher=The Charity Commission|title=Location of Taunton Office|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref> and [[General Electric]]. The first ever store of the multinational clothing retailer [[New Look (clothing retailer)|New Look]] opened in Taunton in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newlookgroup.com/newlook/en/aboutus/Whoweare/ourcompany|title=New Look&nbsp;— Our Company|publisher=Newlookgroup.com|accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref> Taunton is also famous for the production of [[cider]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.real-cider.co.uk/cider-tour-around-taunton/ |title=Taunton cider tour |publisher=Real Cider |accessdate=20 September 2010}}</ref>
Moreover, the town is home to local offices for [[Defra]], the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/about_us/about_the_commission/ccmap.aspx |publisher=The Charity Commission|title=Location of Taunton Office|accessdate=7 de junio de 2012}}</ref> and [[General Electric]]. The first ever store of the multinational clothing retailer [[New Look (clothing retailer)|New Look]] opened in Taunton in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newlookgroup.com/newlook/en/aboutus/Whoweare/ourcompany|title=New Look&nbsp;— Our Company|publisher=Newlookgroup.com|accessdate=13 de octubre de 2013}}</ref> Taunton is also famous for the production of [[cider]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.real-cider.co.uk/cider-tour-around-taunton/ |title=Taunton cider tour |publisher=Real Cider |accessdate=20 de septiembre de 2010}}</ref>-->
-->


==Referencias==
== Referencias ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Listaref|30em}}


==Enlaces externos==
== Enlaces externos ==
{{Commons category|Taunton, Somerset|Taunton}}
{{Commonscat|Taunton, Somerset|Taunton}}
*{{dmoz|/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Somerset/Taunton/|Taunton}}
* [http://visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=508&st=TAUNTON Información sobre Taunton ]
* [http://visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=508&st=TAUNTON Información sobre Taunton ]
* [http://www.taunton.uk.com Regeneración de Taunton]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171007005432/http://www.taunton.uk.com/ Página web]


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[[Category:Ciudades de Inglaterra]]
[[Categoría:Ciudades de Inglaterra]]

Revisión actual - 17:01 16 ago 2024

Para otros usos de este término, véase Taunton (desambiguación).
Taunton
Ciudad

La torre de la iglesia de St. James a la vera del County Ground
Taunton ubicada en Inglaterra
Taunton
Taunton
Localización de Taunton en Inglaterra
Taunton ubicada en Somerset
Taunton
Taunton
Localización de Taunton en Somerset
Coordenadas 51°01′09″N 3°06′00″O / 51.019166666667, -3.1
Entidad Ciudad
 • País Bandera del Reino Unido Reino Unido
 • Nación InglaterraBandera de Inglaterra Inglaterra
 • Región Sureste de Inglaterra
 • Condado Somerset
Superficie  
 • Total 16,32 km² Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Población  
 • Total 64 621 hab.[1]​
 • Densidad 3705,82 hab./km²
Huso horario UTC±00:00 y UTC+01:00
Código postal TA1, TA2, TA3 y TA4
Prefijo telefónico 01823
Sitio web oficial
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Taunton es una localidad en Somerset, Inglaterra. Su población es de 64.000 habitantes (2011).[1]​

El pueblo tiene más de 1,000 años de historia, y aloja un monasterio que se remonta al siglo X y el castillo de Taunton del período anglo-sajón y que posteriormente fuera sede de un priorato. Los Normandos construyeron un castillo en roca, que perteneció al Arzobispo de Winchester. De estas estructuras se ha reconstruido la guardia interna que actualmente aloja al Museo de Somerset y el Museo Militar de Somerset. Un proyecto de regeneración del pueblo se encuentra en ejecución para desarrollar su sector central. Varias vías férreas lo vinculan con Inglaterra y brindan soporte a las actividades económicas y el comercio. Es la capital de Somerset.

Historia

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Street scene showing roads and shops around a stone cross.
The War Memorial and town centre, Taunton

El nombre de la localidad proviene de "Pueblo sobre el Río Tone" — o Pueblo Tone.[2]​[3]​ En Cambria Farm se encontraba un asentamiento que se remonta a las edades de bronce y hierro y una explotación agrícola de la época romana.[4]​ Una villa romano-británica estaba ubicada en cercanías del actual suburbio de Holway,[5]​ y Taunton fue un sitio relativamente importante durante la época sajona.[6]​ El poblado sajón era un burh con su moneda propia.[3]​ El rey Ine de Wessex mando construir un castillo de tierra hacia el 700, pero el mismo fue destruido por la reina Æthelburg de Wessex en el 722, para evitar que el mismo fuera capturado por rebeldes.[3]​

Cruz de Taunton c. 1770.

En el 904 se fundó un monasterio.[7]​ Los obispos de Winchester eran los propietarios de las tierras, y en el 904 obtuvieron la primera carta para sus "hombres de Taunton" de manos del Rey Eduardo, liberándolos de todo tipo de tributo real o del condado. Algún tiempo antes del Domesday Survey Taunton se había convertido en un borough con varios privilegios, contando con una población de unas 1,500 personas[6]​ y 64 burgueses,[3]​ gobernado por un portreeve designado por los obispos. A fines del siglo XIII Somerton reemplazó a Ilchester como county town,[8]​ pero su importancia declino y el estatus de sede del condado le fue transferido a Taunton hacia el 1366.[9]​ Entre 1209 y 1311 la extensión del señorío de Taunton, que era propiedad del Obispo de Winchester, había aumentado su extensión dos veces y media.[10]​ Las parroquias de Staplegrove, Wilton y Taunton formaban parte del Hundred de Taunton Deane.[11]​

En 1451 durante la Guerra de las Rosas Taunton fue escenario de un enfrentamiento entre Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon, y el Baron Bonville.[3]​ La reina Margarita y sus tropas pasaron por aquí en 1471 camino a ser derrotadas en la Batalla de Tewkesbury.[3]​ En el Segundo Alzamiento Cornualles de 1497 la mayoría de los señores de Cornualles estaban a favor de la causa de Perkin Warbeck y el 17 de septiembre un ejército de Cornualles formado por unos 6000 hombres ingresó en Exeter antes de avanzar sobre Taunton.[3]​[12]​ Enrique VII envió a su principal general Giles, Lord Daubeney, a atacar a las fuerzas de Cornualles y cuando Warbeck se enteró de que los scouts reales estaban en Glastonbury le entró el pánico y desertó junto con su ejército. Enrique VII llegó a Taunton el 4 de octubre de 1497 donde se rindió a sus pies los restos del ejército de Cornualles. Los líderes del alzamiento fueron ejecutados y a otros se le impusieron multas que ascendieron a un total de £13,000.[13]​

El Castillo de Taunton cambió de mano varias veces durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa de 1642-1645 juntamente con la ciudad.[14]​ Durante los sitios de Taunton la ciudad fue defendida por Robert Blake, desde julio de 1644 hasta julio de 1645, sufriendo la destrucción de muchos edificios medievales y de los Tudor.[3]​ Después de la guerra, en 1662, la torre del homenaje fue demolida y solo permanece la base.[15]​

Referencias

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  1. ↑ a b «2011 Census Key Statistics tables». ONS 2011 census data. North Curry Action Group. Archivado desde el original el 20 de marzo de 2014. Consultado el 20 de marzo de 2014. 
  2. ↑ Charnock, Richard Stephen (1859). Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names. Houlston and Wright. p. 266. 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Bush, Robin (1994). Somerset: The Complete Guide. Dovecote Press. pp. 202–206. ISBN 1-874336-26-1. 
  4. ↑ «Excavation (2008–9), Cambria Farm, Taunton». Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Archivado desde el original el 24 de marzo de 2012. Consultado el 9 de febrero de 2011. 
  5. ↑ Toulmin, Joshua; Savage, James (1822). The History of Taunton, in the County of Somerset. J. Poole. p. 558. 
  6. ↑ a b «A brief history of Taunton». World History Encyclopedia. Consultado el 19 de enero de 2008. 
  7. ↑ «History of Taunton Castle in Somerset By Charles Oman». Britannia castles. Archivado desde el original el 31 de mayo de 2008. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2007. 
  8. ↑ «Somerton by Miranda Richardson». Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey. Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 7 de enero de 2008. 
  9. ↑ «A town plan for Somerton» (PDF). South Somerset Council. Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 7 de enero de 2008. 
  10. ↑ Havinden, Michael (1981). The Somerset Landscape. The making of the English landscape. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 97. ISBN 0-340-20116-9. 
  11. ↑ «Somerset Hundreds». GENUKI. Consultado el 21 de octubre de 2011. 
  12. ↑ Philip Payton (1996) ''Cornwall'', Fowey: Alexander Associates. Books.google.com. 2004. ISBN 9781904880059. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2012. 
  13. ↑ «Channel 4 – Perkin Warbeck». 
  14. ↑ «"Taunton's History". Taunton Town Centre!.». Archivado desde el original el 3 de junio de 2007. Consultado el 22 de octubre de 2017. 
  15. ↑ «"Taunton Castle". Castles and fortifications of England and Wales. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011.». Consultado el 22 de octubre de 2017. 

Enlaces externos

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