-ine

See also: ine, Ine, iné, and ìne

English

Pronunciation

• (depending on the word taking the suffix) IPA^(key): /-aɪn/, /-iːn/, /-ɪn~-ən/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -in, -ine, from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en.

Suffix

-ine

1. (chiefly non-productive) Of or pertaining to.

   asinine, marine, bovine, cervine

2. Used to form demonyms.

   Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine, Florentine

4. (chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.

   amine, aniline, caffeine, iodine

5. Commercial materials.

   ‎glass + ‎-ine → ‎glassine

Usage notes

While multiple pronunciations are given above for this suffix, they are not freely interchangeable; instead, each word taking the suffix often only takes one or two of the suffix's possible pronunciations. For example, feminine is almost always pronounced with /-ɪn/, while marine is almost always pronounced with /-iːn/. However, more technical terms (such as iodine, which can take any of the suffix's three possible pronunciations) may not have an established pronunciation, though in feminine names (Maxine) and chemical use (theobromine), the pronunciation /-iːn/ is the most frequent, while in other technical formations (bovine) /-aɪn/ is common.

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ine

Related terms

• -in

Translations

used to form names of chemical substances

• Catalan: -ina (ca) f
• Galician: -ina (gl) f
• German: -in (de) n
• Indonesian: -ina
• Italian: -ina (it) f
• Malay: -ina
• Portuguese: -ina (pt) f
• Spanish: -ina (es) f

Etymology 2

From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus.

Suffix

-ine

2. (non-productive) Used to form feminine nouns.

   ‎hero + ‎-ine → ‎heroine

   ‎speaker + ‎-ine → ‎speakerine

3. (non-productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles.

   ‎Clement + ‎-ine → ‎Clementine

   ‎landgrave + ‎-ine → ‎landgravine

Synonyms

• -a, -ess, -ette, -ress, she-, -trix

Antonyms

• he-

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ine (female)

Etymology 3

Variant of -en.

Suffix

-ine

1. Found in the plural forms of a small number of English words. Not productive.

   ‎cow + ‎-ine → ‎kine

   ‎sow + ‎-ine → ‎swine

References

• “-ine”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “-ine”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

• -ein, EIN, NEI, NIE, Nie

Finnish

Etymology

From the same source as -ne (noun-forming suffix) (seen in murene, etc.), with contamination from -in (instrumental suffix) in both form and meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ineˣ/, [-ine̞(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ine

1. Forms diminutive forms of nouns, particularly for objects or tools.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ine

Anagrams

• ein, ien

French

Etymology

From -in +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Suffix

-ine f (plural -ines)

1. -ine; forms chemical substances

   ‎café (“coffee”) + ‎-ine → ‎caféine (“caffeine”)

2. forms diminutives

   ‎escalope (“escalope (cut of meat)”) + ‎-ine → ‎escalopine (“small escalope”)

   ‎feutre (“felt (material)”) + ‎-ine → ‎feutrine (“lightweight felt”)

3. female equivalent of -in; forms female agent nouns

   ‎pèler(in) (“pilgrim”) + ‎-ine → ‎pèlerine (“female pilgrim”)

   ‎assass(in) (“assassin”) + ‎-ine → ‎assassine (“female assassin”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -ine

German

Suffix

-ine

1. (nonstandard) Used to form feminine nouns.

   ‎Azubi + ‎-ine → ‎Azubine

   ‎Dackel (“dachshund”) + ‎-ine → ‎Dackeline

Irish

Suffix

-ine f

1. genitive of -in

Italian

Suffix

-ine f pl

1. plural of -ina

Anagrams

• nei

Latin

Suffix

-īne

1. vocative masculine singular of -īnus

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (-ine) [ɪnʲɛ], (-inè) [ɪˈnʲɛ]

Note that a preceding consonant will be palatalised.

Suffix

-ine

1. instrumental singular feminine of -inis (“of + noun”)

Suffix

-inè

1. instrumental singular feminine of -ìnis (“of + noun”)

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Ingrian -in and Finnish -nen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-inʲe/

Suffix

-ine

1. Used to form diminutive nouns; -ie

Declension

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Livvi terms suffixed with -ine