冰
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Traditional | 冰 |
---|---|
Simplified | 冰 |
Japanese | 氷 |
Korean | 氷 |
Han character
冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
- Unihan data for U+51B0
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 冰 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Vulgar character |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. |
冰 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).
Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.
Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бин (bin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): bin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): biang1
- Northern Min (KCR): báing / béng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1pin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bing
- Wade–Giles: ping1
- Yale: bīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bing
- Palladius: бин (bin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bin
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бин (bin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bing1
- Yale: bīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bing1
- Guangdong Romanization: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ben1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pen³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pên
- Hakka Romanization System: benˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ben1
- Sinological IPA: /pen²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: biang1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /piaŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: báing / béng
- Sinological IPA (key): /paiŋ⁵⁴/, /peiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 冰 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /piŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /piŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /piŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /piŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /piŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /piŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /piŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /piə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /piŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /pĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /piŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /pin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /pin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /pin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /pĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /pin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /pin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /piəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /piŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /pĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /piŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /pin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /pin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /peŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /piʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /pɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /pin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /pin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /pin⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /pen⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /pen²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /peŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /peŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /piŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /piŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pain⁵⁴/ /peiŋ⁵⁴/ 新 | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /piã³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbeŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ping
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pŋrɯŋ/
Definitions
冰
- ice (Classifier: 塊/块 m c; 嚿 c)
- ice-cold
- to freeze; to ice
- (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
- 溜冰 ― liūbīng ― to smoke meth
- a surname: Bing
Synonyms
- (ice):
Compounds
- 冰上運動/冰上运动 (bīngshàng yùndòng)
- 冰人 (bīngrén)
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凍/冰冻 (bīngdòng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凉 (bīngliáng)
- 冰凍三尺,非一日之寒/冰冻三尺,非一日之寒 (bīngdòng sān chǐ, fēi yīrì zhī hán)
- 冰刀 (bīngdāo)
- 冰囊
- 冰坨 (bīngtuó)
- 冰場/冰场 (bīngchǎng)
- 冰塊/冰块 (bīngkuài)
- 冰塊兒/冰块儿
- 冰壅 (bīngyōng)
- 冰壇/冰坛
- 冰壩/冰坝
- 冰天雪地 (bīngtiānxuědì)
- 冰天雪窖
- 冰封 (bīngfēng)
- 冰屋 (bīngwū)
- 冰山 (bīngshān)
- 冰岩漿/冰岩浆 (bīngyánjiāng)
- 冰島/冰岛 (Bīngdǎo)
- 冰峰 (bīngfēng)
- 冰川 (bīngchuān)
- 冰川期 (bīngchuānqī)
- 冰巨行星 (bīng jùxíngxīng)
- 冰帆
- 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
- 冰心
- 冰掛/冰挂 (bīngguà)
- 冰排 (bīngpái)
- 冰掛兒/冰挂儿
- 冰排子
- 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
- 冰晶 (bīngjīng)
- 冰景
- 冰晶石 (bīngjīngshí)
- 冰期 (bīngqī)
- 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
- 冰架 (bīngjià)
- 冰棒 (bīngbàng)
- 冰棍 (bīnggùn)
- 冰棍兒/冰棍儿 (bīnggùnr)
- 冰橇 (bīngqiāo)
- 冰櫃/冰柜 (bīngguì)
- 冰毒 (bīngdú)
- 冰水 (bīngshuǐ)
- 冰河 (bīnghé)
- 冰河時代/冰河时代
- 冰海
- 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
- 冰淇淋 (bīngqílín)
- 冰清玉潔/冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
- 冰溜 (bīngliù)
- 冰激凌 (bīngjīlíng)
- 冰瀑
- 冰火山 (bīnghuǒshān)
- 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
- 冰熔岩 (bīngróngyán)
- 冰燈/冰灯 (bīngdēng)
- 冰片 (bīngpiàn)
- 冰球 (bīngqiú)
- 冰瓶
- 冰盆景
- 冰盆景兒/冰盆景儿
- 冰碴 (bīngchá)
- 冰碴兒/冰碴儿
- 冰磚/冰砖 (bīngzhuān)
- 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
- 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 冰糕 (bīnggāo)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糖葫蘆/冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰肌玉骨
- 冰船 (bīngchuán)
- 冰花 (bīnghuā)
- 冰茶 (bīngchá)
- 冰蝕/冰蚀
- 冰袋 (bīngdài)
- 冰車/冰车
- 冰輪/冰轮 (bīnglún)
- 冰道
- 冰釋/冰释 (bīngshì)
- 冰錐/冰锥 (bīngzhuī)
- 冰錐子/冰锥子 (bīngzhuīzi)
- 冰鎮/冰镇 (bīngzhèn)
- 冰鎬/冰镐 (bīnggǎo)
- 冰鑒/冰鉴
- 冰鑹/冰镩 (bīngcuān)
- 冰雕 (bīngdiāo)
- 冰雪 (bīngxuě)
- 冰雪聰明/冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
- 冰雹 (bīngbáo)
- 冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
- 冰鞋 (bīngxié)
- 冰點/冰点 (bīngdiǎn)
- 愛玉冰/爱玉冰 (àiyùbīng)
- 採冰/采冰
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 溜冰 (liūbīng)
- 滑冰 (huábīng)
- 臥冰/卧冰 (wòbīng)
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 凝). |
References
- “冰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
- Alternative form of 氷
Readings
- Go-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひよう (fyou, historical)
- Kan-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひよう (fyou, historical)
- Kun: こおり (kōri, 冰)←こほり (kofori, 冰, historical); こおる (kōru, 冰る)←こほる (koforu, 冰る, historical); ひ (hi, 冰)
Korean
Hanja
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
Han character
冰: Hán Việt readings: băng (
冰: Nôm readings: băng[2][4][5][6], phăng[4][7][5][6], bâng[2][4][7], văng[3][4], bưng[4]
Compounds
- 冰河 (băng hà)
- 北冰洋 (Bắc Băng Dương)
- 南冰洋 (Nam Băng Dương)
References
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Gan proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 冰
- Chinese nouns classified by 塊/块
- Chinese nouns classified by 嚿
- Mandarin terms with collocations
- Chinese slang
- Chinese surnames
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Temperature
- zh:Ice
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ひょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ひよう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ひょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ひよう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こおり
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading こほり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こお・る
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading こほ・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひ
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom