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Revision as of 06:28, 3 July 2023

See also: , , , and
U+5317, 北
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5317

[U+5316]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5318]
U+F963, 北
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F963

[U+F962]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F964]

北 U+2F82B, 北
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82B
匆
[U+2F82A]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 卉
[U+2F82C]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual

Stroke order (Japan)
0 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 21, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中一心 (LMP), four-corner 11110, composition ⿲⿱(GJKV) or ⿰⿱⿰(HT))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 152, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2574
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 262, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5317

Further reading

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𧉥
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Wu)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) – two men back to back. Originally meaning “back”; the character (OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs) refers to the original word.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (to carry (on back), shoulder).

The sense of north is derived from back (of body): backto turn the back to; to retreatnorth.

The ancient Chinese value the southern direction and houses are traditionally oriented along a north-south axis, as evident in the fengshui theory and in the orientation of buildings in Chinese Neolithic sites. North is the direction the back is oriented to when the person is facing south.

Compare the graphical origin of (OC *nuːm, “south”) (Sagart, 1988).

Pronunciation 1

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 195: Incorrect tone notation "4" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. north; northern
      ―  běi  ―  to move north
      ―  Běijīng  ―  Beijing (literally, “northern capital”)
  2. to be defeated; to fail
      ―  bàiběi  ―  to suffer defeat

Coordinate terms

西北 (xīběi) 東北 / 东北 (dōngběi)
西 ()  / (dōng)
西南 (xīnán) 東南 / 东南 (dōngnán)


Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ほく) (hoku)
  • Korean: 북(北) (buk)
  • Vietnamese: bắc ()

Others:

  • Japanese: (ペー) (, north wind (mahjong tile))

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. Original form of (bèi, “back; to betray”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. north
  2. escape, run away

Readings

Compounds

Template:der-top3

(deprecated template usage)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
きた
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Attributed to Old Japanese,[1] although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phonetic man'yōgana.

Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

Noun

(きた) (kita

  1. north (cardinal point)
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 9, poem 412)
      (きた)()(かり)()くなるつれてこし(かず)はたらでぞかへるべらなる
      kita e yuku kari zo nakunaru tsurete koshi kazu wa tarade zo kaeruberanaru
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Antonym: (minami)
  2. the North (northern part of a region)
  3. a northerly, north wind
    Synonym: 北風 (kitakaze, hokufū)
    Antonym: (minami)
  4. Short for 北の方 (kita no kata): northward
  5. a developed country
    from the many countries in the Northern Hemisphere are considered developed
Coordinate terms
  • (compass points) 方角 (hōgaku);
北西 (hokusei)
西北 (seihoku)
(kita) 北東 (hokutō)
東北 (tōhoku)
西 (nishi) (higashi)
西南 (seinan)
南西 (nansei)
(minami) 東南 (tōnan)
南東 (nantō)


Derived terms
(deprecated template usage)

Proper noun

(きた) or (キタ) (Kita

  1. Kita (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)
  2. (historical) the red-light district north of Edo Castle
    Synonyms: 北郭 (Hokkaku), 北国 (Hokkoku)
  3. a surname
  4. a female given name

Verb

(きた)する (kita surusuru (stem (きた) (kita shi), past (きた)した (kita shita))

  1. to go northwards
    Synonym: 北進する (hokushin suru)
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ペー
Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin (běi).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ペー) (

  1. (mahjong) north wind (mahjong tile)
    Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
  2. (mahjong) a (yaku, winning hand) with a triplet or quad of north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 (han, doubles)
    Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
はい
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
6
[kanji] sixth grade kanji
[kanji] back, stature
(This term, , is a variant kanji form of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC pok).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 븍〮 (Yale: púk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 뒤〮 (Yale: twúy) 븍〮 (Yale: púk)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 (Yale: puknyek)
(Yale: twuy)
(Yale: puk)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 북녘 (bungnyeok buk))

  1. Hanja form? of (north).

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese (MC buʌiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄈᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: ppóy)

Pronunciation

Hanja

(eumhun 달아날 (daranal bae))

  1. Hanja form? of (to escape; to flee).

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

Proper noun

Hanja in this term

(Buk) (hangeul )

  1. (in headlines) Short for ()() (Bukhan, (South Korea) North Korea).
Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

See also

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
にし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 西 (nishi, west).

Noun

(にし) (nishi

  1. north; northern; northwards

Derived terms

References

  • ニシ” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
  • にし【北】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • ニシ(にし)” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
  • にし” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.

Southern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 西 (nishi, west).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana にし, rōmaji nishi)

  1. north; northern; northwards

References

  • にし【北】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: bắc, bác, bấc, bậc, bước

  1. Chữ Hán form of bắc (north).

Zhuang

Noun

  1. Sawndip form of byaek (vegetable)