etc.

See also: ETC and etc

English

Alternative forms

• etc
• ec.
• (dated): &c., &c, &ca., &ca
• (unabbreviated): See et cetera

Etymology

From Middle English et cetera, etc., from Latin etc., an abbreviation of et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, (see usage notes) /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Phrase

etc.

1. And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

   Synonym: asf

   The grocery shop sells cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, etc.

   The plagiarism was painfully obvious: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," etc.

Usage notes

• "Etc." is typically read out as the full Latin phrase et cetera rather than as letters (as with "i.e.") or as a contraction (as with "et seq."). It is, however, sometimes read out as its English calque and so on (as with "e.g.").
• In Latin, et cetera refers solely to other things. It is therefore properly avoided in lists of people, where "et al." (that is, et alii) is used instead. "Et al." is thus sometimes sharply distinguished from "etc." in English, although the same abbreviation can also stand for the Latin et alia, which is a synonym of "etc."
• Because "etc." effectively makes a list exhaustive, it is properly avoided when using other abbreviations (such as "e.g." and "viz.") that offer partial examples. If the "etc." is desired, "i.e." may be used in their places.
• Some speakers use a /k/ sound in place of the /t/ in the first word. This is usually proscribed and somewhat stigmatized. It is represented in eye dialect as "excetera", "exetera", or "ekcetera".

Synonyms

• ...
• and so forth
• and so on
• and the rest
• blah blah blah
• et al. (sometimes distinguished: see the usage notes)
• you name it

 

Coordinate terms

• et seq.
• vel sim.

Translations

and so on — see also and so forth

• Afrikaans: ens, ensovoorts
• Albanian: etj., e të tjera
• Amharic: ወዘተ (wäzätä)
• Arabic: وَهَلُمَّ جَرًّا (wahalumma jarran), إِلَخ (ar) (ʔilaḵ), إِلَى آخِرِهِ (ʔilā ʔāḵirihi), وَهٰكَذَا (wahākaḏā)

  Hijazi Arabic: إِلَخ (ʾilaḵ), إِلَى آخره (ʾila ʾāḵru)

• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܘܫܪܟܐ (wə-šarkā)

• Armenian: եւն (ewn), եւ այլն (ew ayln)

  Classical: և այլն (ew ayln)

• Asturian: etcétera
• Azerbaijani: və sair, və sairə, və s.
• Belarusian: і г. д. (i h. d.), і гэ́так да́лей (i hétak dáljej)
• Bulgarian: и т.н. (i t.n.), и така́ ната́тък (i taká natátǎk)
• Burmese: အာဒိဝန် (my) (adi.wan)
• Catalan: etcètera (ca), etc. (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 等等 (zh) (děngděng), 等 (zh) (děng)

  Min Nan: 等 (zh-min-nan) (téng), 等等 (zh-min-nan) (téng-téng)

• Czech: atd. (cs), a tak dále
• Danish: etc. (da); osv. (da)
• Dutch: enz. (nl), en zo voorts, etc. (nl)
• Esperanto: ktp (eo), ktp.
• Estonian: jne (et), ja nii edasi
• Faroese: o.s.fr., og so framvegis
• Finnish: jne. (fi), ja niin edelleen, ym. (fi)
• French: et cétéra (fr), etc. (fr), et cætera (fr), ... (fr)
• Galician: etcétera
• Georgian: და ა.შ. (da a.š.)
• German: usw. (de), etc. (de) | furthermore: &c. (de), rc., ꝛc., et cetera (de), u. s. w. (de), und so weiter (de), u. ä. (de), u. ähnl., und ähnlich
• Greek: κτλ. (el) (ktl.), κλπ. (el) (klp.)

  Ancient: καὶ πᾶν ὅτι τοιοῦτον (kaì pân hóti toioûton), καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς (kaì tà hexês), καὶ τὰ ἐοικότα (kaì tà eoikóta)

• Greenlandic: il.il.
• Hebrew: וְכוּ׳ (he) (v'khú.)
• Hindi: आदि (hi) (ādi), इत्यादि (hi) (ityādi), वग़ैरह (vaġairah)
• Hungarian: stb. (hu), s a többi
• Icelandic: o.s.frv. (is), og svo framvegis (is)
• Ido: e cetere, e.c. (io), edc. (io)
• Indonesian: dll., dsb.
• Irish: srl. (agus araile), agus mar sin de, ⁊rl.
• Italian: ecc. (it), eccetera (it)
• Japanese: など (ja) (nado), 等 (ja) (など, nado), 等々 (とうとう, tōtō; などなど, nadonado)
• Javanese: lsp., lan sapanunggalané
• Kazakh: және тағы басқалары (jäne tağy basqalary)
• Khmer: ៘ (laʼ)
• Korean: 등(等) (ko) (deung), 등등(等等) (ko) (deungdeung)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: hwd. (ku)

• Lao: ຯລຯ (lā), ຕໍ່ໆ (tǭ tǭ)
• Latin: etc. (la), &c. (la), et cetera (la), et caetera (non-standard)
• Lingala: b.n.b.
• Lithuanian: ir kt., ir pan., ir t.t.
• Macedonian: итн. (mk) (itn.), и така натаму (i taka natamu)
• Malay: dll., dan lain-lain (ms), dsb., dan sebagainya (ms)
• Manx: a.r.e.
• Mongolian: гэх мэт (gex met), гэхчлэн (gexčlen)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: et cetera, etc. (no)

  Nynorsk: et cetera, etc., osb.

• Old English: and swā forþ
• Persian: و غیره (fa) (o ğeyre)
• Polish: itp. (pl), i tym podobnie, i tym podobne, itd. (pl), i tak dalej (pl), etc. (pl)
• Portuguese: etc. (pt), et cetera (pt)
• Romani: thaj but aver
• Romanian: etc., etc, etcetera (ro), ețetera (ro), ș.a.m.d., și așa mai departe
• Russian: и т. д. (ru) (i t. d.), и так да́лее (ru) (i tak dáleje), и т.п. (ru) (i t.p.), и тому́ подо́бное (ru) (i tomú podóbnoje), и пр. (i pr.)
• Scottish Gaelic: msaa
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: итд.

  Roman: itd. (sh)

• Slovak: atď. (sk), a tak ďalej
• Slovene: itd.
• Sotho: jj., jwalo-jwalo
• Spanish: etc. (es), &., y otras, etcétera (es) m, y más
• Swahili: n.k.
• Swedish: et cetera (sv), etc. (sv), etcetera (sv), etc (sv), et c., osv. (sv), och så vidare (sv)
• Tagalog: atbp. (tl), at iba pa
• Tajik: ва ғайра (va ġayra), ва ғ. (va ġ.)
• Thai: ฯลฯ (th) (lá)
• Tigrinya: ወዘተረፈ (wäzätäräfä)
• Turkish: ve saire, vs (old-fashioned); ve bunun gibi, ve benzeri, vb
• Ukrainian: і т. д. (i t. d.), і так да́лі (i tak dáli)
• Urdu: وغیرہ (vaġairah), الخ (ilax)
• Uyghur: ۋە ھاكازالار (we hakazalar), قاتارلىقلار (qatarliqlar)
• Uzbek: va boshqalar
• Vietnamese: v.v. (vi), vân vân (vi)
• Welsh: ac yn y blaen, ayyb, a.y.y.b. (cy), ac ati
• Yiddish: און אַזוי ווײַטער (un azoy vayter), אא״וו (u.a.v.)
• Yoruba: abbl., àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ

See also

• and a partridge in a pear tree

Anagrams

• 'Tec, 'tec, CET, CTE, ECT, TCE, TEC, tce

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Danish

Etymology

Abbreviation of et cetera.

Adverb

etc.

1. etc.

Synonyms

• osv.

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Fala

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Spanish etc., itself an abbreviation of Latin et cētera.

Adverb

etc.

1. etc. (and the rest; and so forth)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: Nossa Fala:

     Por siglus, a xienti de capital (rica) i as mismas Instituciós (Iglexiia, Escuelas, Xiusticia, funcionarius, etc.) tiñan a fala cumu algo de ignorantis, atrasaus, vulgariai.

     For centuries, the people from the capital (rich) and the same institutions (Church, Schools, Justice, public servants, etc.) held Fala as something of ignorant people, backward people, vulgarity.

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French

Alternative forms

• &c.
• & cetera
• et cetera
• et cætera, et caetera
• et cétéra

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (proscribed) /ɛk.se.te.ʁa/
• IPA^(key): /ɛt.se.te.ʁa/, (informal) /ɛt.ʃe.te.ʁa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland):

  (file)

Adverb

etc.

1. et cetera (and so on)

Anagrams

• cet

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German

Alternative forms

• &c., ⁊c.
• ꝛc.
• etce.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

etc.

1. etc.

   Synonym: usw.

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Hungarian

Etymology

An abbreviation of Hungarian etcetera, from Latin et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).

Pronoun

etc.

1. etc.

Synonyms

• stb.

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Latin

Alternative forms

• &c (dated, rare outside titles)
• &c.

Adverb

etc.

1. et cētera (and so forth)

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Middle English

Phrase

etc.

1. Alternative form of et cetera

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Polish

Phrase

etc.

1. Abbreviation of et cetera; etc.

Related terms

• itd.
• itp.

 

Further reading

• etc. in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• etc. in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /et(ʃ)(i)ˈsɛteɾɐ/

Phrase

etc.

1. Abbreviation of et cetera.

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Spanish

Alternative forms

• &c. (obsolete)

Adverb

etc.

1. Abbreviation of etcétera.

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Swedish

Adverb

etc.

1. Abbreviation of et cetera. Abbreviation of etcetera.